THE SORROWS OF YOUNG WERTHER

By J.W. von Goethe

Translated by R.D. Boylan

Edited by Nathen Haskell Dole

PREFACE

I have carefully collected whatever I have been able to learn of the story
of poor Werther, and here present it to you, knowing that you will thank
me for it. To his spirit and character you cannot refuse your admiration
and love: to his fate you will not deny your tears.

And thou, good soul, who sufferest the same distress as he endured once,
draw comfort from his sorrows; and let this little book be thy friend, if,
owing to fortune or through thine own fault, thou canst not find a dearer
companion.

BOOK I

MAY 4.

How happy I am that I am gone! My dear friend, what a thing is the heart
of man! To leave you, from whom I have been inseparable, whom I love so
dearly, and yet to feel happy! I know you will forgive me. Have not other
attachments been specially appointed by fate to torment a head like mine?
Poor Leonora! and yet I was not to blame. Was it my fault, that, whilst
the peculiar charms of her sister afforded me an agreeable entertainment,
a passion for me was engendered in her feeble heart? And yet am I wholly
blameless? Did I not encourage her emotions? Did I not feel charmed at
those truly genuine expressions of nature, which, though but little
mirthful in reality, so often amused us? Did I not—but oh! what is
man, that he dares so to accuse himself? My dear friend I promise you I
will improve; I will no longer, as has ever been my habit, continue to
ruminate on every petty vexation which fortune may dispense; I will enjoy
the present, and the past shall be for me the past. No doubt you are
right, my best of friends, there would be far less suffering amongst
mankind, if men—and God knows why they are so fashioned—did
not employ their imaginations so assiduously in recalling the memory of
past sorrow, instead of bearing their present lot with equanimity. Be kind
enough to inform my mother that I shall attend to her business to the best
of my ability, and shall give her the earliest information about it. I
have seen my aunt, and find that she is very far from being the
disagreeable person our friends allege her to be. She is a lively,
cheerful woman, with the best of hearts. I explained to her my mother’s
wrongs with regard to that part of her portion which has been withheld
from her. She told me the motives and reasons of her own conduct, and the
terms on which she is willing to give up the whole, and to do more than we
have asked. In short, I cannot write further upon this subject at present;
only assure my mother that all will go on well. And I have again observed,
my dear friend, in this trifling affair, that misunderstandings and
neglect occasion more mischief in the world than even malice and
wickedness. At all events, the two latter are of less frequent occurrence.

In other respects I am very well off here. Solitude in this terrestrial
paradise is a genial balm to my mind, and the young spring cheers with its
bounteous promises my oftentimes misgiving heart. Every tree, every bush,
is full of flowers; and one might wish himself transformed into a
butterfly, to float about in this ocean of perfume, and find his whole
existence in it.

The town itself is disagreeable; but then, all around, you find an
inexpressible beauty of nature. This induced the late Count M to lay out a
garden on one of the sloping hills which here intersect each other with
the most charming variety, and form the most lovely valleys. The garden is
simple; and it is easy to perceive, even upon your first entrance, that
the plan was not designed by a scientific gardener, but by a man who
wished to give himself up here to the enjoyment of his own sensitive
heart. Many a tear have I already shed to the memory of its departed
master in a summer-house which is now reduced to ruins, but was his
favourite resort, and now is mine. I shall soon be master of the place.
The gardener has become attached to me within the last few days, and he
will lose nothing thereby.

MAY 10.

A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these
sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am alone,
and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the
bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in
the exquisite sense of mere tranquil existence, that I neglect my talents.
I should be incapable of drawing a single stroke at the present moment;
and yet I feel that I never was a greater artist than now. When, while the
lovely valley teems with vapour around me, and the meridian sun strikes
the upper surface of the impenetrable foliage of my trees, and but a few
stray gleams steal into the inner sanctuary, I throw myself down among the
tall grass by the trickling stream; and, as I lie close to the earth, a
thousand unknown plants are noticed by me: when I hear the buzz of the
little world among the stalks, and grow familiar with the countless
indescribable forms of the insects and flies, then I feel the presence of
the Almighty, who formed us in his own image, and the breath of that
universal love which bears and sustains us, as it floats around us in an
eternity of bliss; and then, my friend, when darkness overspreads my eyes,
and heaven and earth seem to dwell in my soul and absorb its power, like
the form of a beloved mistress, then I often think with longing, Oh, would
I could describe these conceptions, could impress upon paper all that is
living so full and warm within me, that it might be the mirror of my soul,
as my soul is the mirror of the infinite God! O my friend—but it is
too much for my strength—I sink under the weight of the splendour of
these visions!

MAY 12.

I know not whether some deceitful spirits haunt this spot, or whether it
be the warm, celestial fancy in my own heart which makes everything around
me seem like paradise. In front of the house is a fountain,—a
fountain to which I am bound by a charm like Melusina and her sisters.
Descending a gentle slope, you come to an arch, where, some twenty steps
lower down, water of the clearest crystal gushes from the marble rock. The
narrow wall which encloses it above, the tall trees which encircle the
spot, and the coolness of the place itself,—everything imparts a
pleasant but sublime impression. Not a day passes on which I do not spend
an hour there. The young maidens come from the town to fetch water,—innocent
and necessary employment, and formerly the occupation of the daughters of
kings. As I take my rest there, the idea of the old patriarchal life is
awakened around me. I see them, our old ancestors, how they formed their
friendships and contracted alliances at the fountain-side; and I feel how
fountains and streams were guarded by beneficent spirits. He who is a
stranger to these sensations has never really enjoyed cool repose at the
side of a fountain after the fatigue of a weary summer day.

MAY 13.

You ask if you shall send me books. My dear friend, I beseech you, for the
love of God, relieve me from such a yoke! I need no more to be guided,
agitated, heated. My heart ferments sufficiently of itself. I want strains
to lull me, and I find them to perfection in my Homer. Often do I strive
to allay the burning fever of my blood; and you have never witnessed
anything so unsteady, so uncertain, as my heart. But need I confess this
to you, my dear friend, who have so often endured the anguish of
witnessing my sudden transitions from sorrow to immoderate joy, and from
sweet melancholy to violent passions? I treat my poor heart like a sick
child, and gratify its every fancy. Do not mention this again: there are
people who would censure me for it.

MAY 15.

The common people of the place know me already, and love me, particularly
the children. When at first I associated with them, and inquired in a
friendly tone about their various trifles, some fancied that I wished to
ridicule them, and turned from me in exceeding ill-humour. I did not allow
that circumstance to grieve me: I only felt most keenly what I have often
before observed. Persons who can claim a certain rank keep themselves
coldly aloof from the common people, as though they feared to lose their
importance by the contact; whilst wanton idlers, and such as are prone to
bad joking, affect to descend to their level, only to make the poor people
feel their impertinence all the more keenly.

I know very well that we are not all equal, nor can be so; but it is my
opinion that he who avoids the common people, in order not to lose their
respect, is as much to blame as a coward who hides himself from his enemy
because he fears defeat.

The other day I went to the fountain, and found a young servant-girl, who
had set her pitcher on the lowest step, and looked around to see if one of
her companions was approaching to place it on her head. I ran down, and
looked at her. “Shall I help you, pretty lass?” said I. She blushed
deeply. “Oh, sir!” she exclaimed. “No ceremony!” I replied. She adjusted
her head-gear, and I helped her. She thanked me, and ascended the steps.

MAY 17.

I have made all sorts of acquaintances, but have as yet found no society.
I know not what attraction I possess for the people, so many of them like
me, and attach themselves to me; and then I feel sorry when the road we
pursue together goes only a short distance. If you inquire what the people
are like here, I must answer, “The same as everywhere.” The human race is
but a monotonous affair. Most of them labour the greater part of their
time for mere subsistence; and the scanty portion of freedom which remains
to them so troubles them that they use every exertion to get rid of it.
Oh, the destiny of man!

But they are a right good sort of people. If I occasionally forget myself,
and take part in the innocent pleasures which are not yet forbidden to the
peasantry, and enjoy myself, for instance, with genuine freedom and
sincerity, round a well-covered table, or arrange an excursion or a dance
opportunely, and so forth, all this produces a good effect upon my
disposition; only I must forget that there lie dormant within me so many
other qualities which moulder uselessly, and which I am obliged to keep
carefully concealed. Ah! this thought affects my spirits fearfully. And
yet to be misunderstood is the fate of the like of us.

Alas, that the friend of my youth is gone! Alas, that I ever knew her! I
might say to myself, “You are a dreamer to seek what is not to be found
here below.” But she has been mine. I have possessed that heart, that
noble soul, in whose presence I seemed to be more than I really was,
because I was all that I could be. Good heavens! did then a single power
of my soul remain unexercised? In her presence could I not display, to its
full extent, that mysterious feeling with which my heart embraces nature?
Was not our intercourse a perpetual web of the finest emotions, of the
keenest wit, the varieties of which, even in their very eccentricity, bore
the stamp of genius? Alas! the few years by which she was my senior
brought her to the grave before me. Never can I forget her firm mind or
her heavenly patience.

A few days ago I met a certain young V—, a frank, open fellow, with
a most pleasing countenance. He has just left the university, does not
deem himself overwise, but believes he knows more than other people. He
has worked hard, as I can perceive from many circumstances, and, in short,
possesses a large stock of information. When he heard that I am drawing a
good deal, and that I know Greek (two wonderful things for this part of
the country), he came to see me, and displayed his whole store of
learning, from Batteaux to Wood, from De Piles to Winkelmann: he assured
me he had read through the first part of Sultzer’s theory, and also
possessed a manuscript of Heyne’s work on the study of the antique. I
allowed it all to pass.

I have become acquainted, also, with a very worthy person, the district
judge, a frank and open-hearted man. I am told it is a most delightful
thing to see him in the midst of his children, of whom he has nine. His
eldest daughter especially is highly spoken of. He has invited me to go
and see him, and I intend to do so on the first opportunity. He lives at
one of the royal hunting-lodges, which can be reached from here in an hour
and a half by walking, and which he obtained leave to inhabit after the
loss of his wife, as it is so painful to him to reside in town and at the
court.

There have also come in my way a few other originals of a questionable
sort, who are in all respects undesirable, and most intolerable in their
demonstration of friendship. Good-bye. This letter will please you: it is
quite historical.

MAY 22.

That the life of man is but a dream, many a man has surmised heretofore;
and I, too, am everywhere pursued by this feeling. When I consider the
narrow limits within which our active and inquiring faculties are
confined; when I see how all our energies are wasted in providing for mere
necessities, which again have no further end than to prolong a wretched
existence; and then that all our satisfaction concerning certain subjects
of investigation ends in nothing better than a passive resignation, whilst
we amuse ourselves painting our prison-walls with bright figures and
brilliant landscapes,—when I consider all this, Wilhelm, I am
silent. I examine my own being, and find there a world, but a world rather
of imagination and dim desires, than of distinctness and living power.
Then everything swims before my senses, and I smile and dream while
pursuing my way through the world.

All learned professors and doctors are agreed that children do not
comprehend the cause of their desires; but that the grown-up should wander
about this earth like children, without knowing whence they come, or
whither they go, influenced as little by fixed motives, but guided like
them by biscuits, sugar-plums, and the rod,—this is what nobody is
willing to acknowledge; and yet I think it is palpable.

I know what you will say in reply; for I am ready to admit that they are
happiest, who, like children, amuse themselves with their playthings,
dress and undress their dolls, and attentively watch the cupboard, where
mamma has locked up her sweet things, and, when at last they get a
delicious morsel, eat it greedily, and exclaim, “More!” These are
certainly happy beings; but others also are objects of envy, who dignify
their paltry employments, and sometimes even their passions, with pompous
titles, representing them to mankind as gigantic achievements performed
for their welfare and glory. But the man who humbly acknowledges the
vanity of all this, who observes with what pleasure the thriving citizen
converts his little garden into a paradise, and how patiently even the
poor man pursues his weary way under his burden, and how all wish equally
to behold the light of the sun a little longer,—yes, such a man is
at peace, and creates his own world within himself; and he is also happy,
because he is a man. And then, however limited his sphere, he still
preserves in his bosom the sweet feeling of liberty, and knows that he can
quit his prison whenever he likes.

MAY 26.

You know of old my ways of settling anywhere, of selecting a little
cottage in some cosy spot, and of putting up in it with every
inconvenience. Here, too, I have discovered such a snug, comfortable
place, which possesses peculiar charms for me.

About a league from the town is a place called Walheim. (The reader need
not take the trouble to look for the place thus designated. We have found
it necessary to change the names given in the original.) It is
delightfully situated on the side of a hill; and, by proceeding along one
of the footpaths which lead out of the village, you can have a view of the
whole valley. A good old woman lives there, who keeps a small inn. She
sells wine, beer, and coffee, and is cheerful and pleasant notwithstanding
her age. The chief charm of this spot consists in two linden-trees,
spreading their enormous branches over the little green before the church,
which is entirely surrounded by peasants’ cottages, barns, and homesteads.
I have seldom seen a place so retired and peaceable; and there often have
my table and chair brought out from the little inn, and drink my coffee
there, and read my Homer. Accident brought me to the spot one fine
afternoon, and I found it perfectly deserted. Everybody was in the fields
except a little boy about four years of age, who was sitting on the
ground, and held between his knees a child about six months old: he
pressed it to his bosom with both arms, which thus formed a sort of
arm-chair; and, notwithstanding the liveliness which sparkled in its black
eyes, it remained perfectly still. The sight charmed me. I sat down upon a
plough opposite, and sketched with great delight this little picture of
brotherly tenderness. I added the neighbouring hedge, the barn-door, and
some broken cart-wheels, just as they happened to lie; and I found in
about an hour that I had made a very correct and interesting drawing,
without putting in the slightest thing of my own. This confirmed me in my
resolution of adhering, for the future, entirely to nature. She alone is
inexhaustible, and capable of forming the greatest masters. Much may be
alleged in favour of rules, as much may be likewise advanced in favour of
the laws of society: an artist formed upon them will never produce
anything absolutely bad or disgusting; as a man who observes the laws, and
obeys decorum, can never be an absolutely intolerable neighbour, nor a
decided villain: but yet, say what you will of rules, they destroy the
genuine feeling of nature, as well as its true expression. Do not tell me
“that this is too hard, that they only restrain and prune superfluous
branches, etc.” My good friend, I will illustrate this by an analogy.
These things resemble love. A warmhearted youth becomes strongly attached
to a maiden: he spends every hour of the day in her company, wears out his
health, and lavishes his fortune, to afford continual proof that he is
wholly devoted to her. Then comes a man of the world, a man of place and
respectability, and addresses him thus: “My good young friend, love is
natural; but you must love within bounds. Divide your time: devote a
portion to business, and give the hours of recreation to your mistress.
Calculate your fortune; and out of the superfluity you may make her a
present, only not too often,—on her birthday, and such occasions.”
Pursuing this advice, he may become a useful member of society, and I
should advise every prince to give him an appointment; but it is all up
with his love, and with his genius if he be an artist. O my friend! why is
it that the torrent of genius so seldom bursts forth, so seldom rolls in
full-flowing stream, overwhelming your astounded soul? Because, on either
side of this stream, cold and respectable persons have taken up their
abodes, and, forsooth, their summer-houses and tulip-beds would suffer
from the torrent; wherefore they dig trenches, and raise embankments
betimes, in order to avert the impending danger.

MAY 27.

I find I have fallen into raptures, declamation, and similes, and have
forgotten, in consequence, to tell you what became of the children.
Absorbed in my artistic contemplations, which I briefly described in my
letter of yesterday, I continued sitting on the plough for two hours.
Toward evening a young woman, with a basket on her arm, came running
toward the children, who had not moved all that time. She exclaimed from a
distance, “You are a good boy, Philip!” She gave me greeting: I returned
it, rose, and approached her. I inquired if she were the mother of those
pretty children. “Yes,” she said; and, giving the eldest a piece of bread,
she took the little one in her arms and kissed it with a mother’s
tenderness. “I left my child in Philip’s care,” she said, “whilst I went
into the town with my eldest boy to buy some wheaten bread, some sugar,
and an earthen pot.” I saw the various articles in the basket, from which
the cover had fallen. “I shall make some broth to-night for my little Hans
(which was the name of the youngest): that wild fellow, the big one, broke
my pot yesterday, whilst he was scrambling with Philip for what remained
of the contents.” I inquired for the eldest; and she had scarcely time to
tell me that he was driving a couple of geese home from the meadow, when
he ran up, and handed Philip an osier-twig. I talked a little longer with
the woman, and found that she was the daughter of the schoolmaster, and
that her husband was gone on a journey into Switzerland for some money a
relation had left him. “They wanted to cheat him,” she said, “and would
not answer his letters; so he is gone there himself. I hope he has met
with no accident, as I have heard nothing of him since his departure.” I
left the woman, with regret, giving each of the children a kreutzer, with
an additional one for the youngest, to buy some wheaten bread for his
broth when she went to town next; and so we parted. I assure you, my dear
friend, when my thoughts are all in tumult, the sight of such a creature
as this tranquillises my disturbed mind. She moves in a happy
thoughtlessness within the confined circle of her existence; she supplies
her wants from day to day; and, when she sees the leaves fall, they raise
no other idea in her mind than that winter is approaching. Since that time
I have gone out there frequently. The children have become quite familiar
with me; and each gets a lump of sugar when I drink my coffee, and they
share my milk and bread and butter in the evening. They always receive
their kreutzer on Sundays, for the good woman has orders to give it to
them when I do not go there after evening service. They are quite at home
with me, tell me everything; and I am particularly amused with observing
their tempers, and the simplicity of their behaviour, when some of the
other village children are assembled with them.

It has given me a deal of trouble to satisfy the anxiety of the mother,
lest (as she says) “they should inconvenience the gentleman.”

MAY 30.

What I have lately said of painting is equally true with respect to
poetry. It is only necessary for us to know what is really excellent, and
venture to give it expression; and that is saying much in few words.
To-day I have had a scene, which, if literally related, would, make the
most beautiful idyl in the world. But why should I talk of poetry and
scenes and idyls? Can we never take pleasure in nature without having
recourse to art?

If you expect anything grand or magnificent from this introduction, you
will be sadly mistaken. It relates merely to a peasant-lad, who has
excited in me the warmest interest. As usual, I shall tell my story badly;
and you, as usual, will think me extravagant. It is Walheim once more—always
Walheim—which produces these wonderful phenomena.

A party had assembled outside the house under the linden-trees, to drink
coffee. The company did not exactly please me; and, under one pretext or
another, I lingered behind.

A peasant came from an adjoining house, and set to work arranging some
part of the same plough which I had lately sketched. His appearance
pleased me; and I spoke to him, inquired about his circumstances, made his
acquaintance, and, as is my wont with persons of that class, was soon
admitted into his confidence. He said he was in the service of a young
widow, who set great store by him. He spoke so much of his mistress, and
praised her so extravagantly, that I could soon see he was desperately in
love with her. “She is no longer young,” he said: “and she was treated so
badly by her former husband that she does not mean to marry again.” From
his account it was so evident what incomparable charms she possessed for
him, and how ardently he wished she would select him to extinguish the
recollection of her first husband’s misconduct, that I should have to
repeat his own words in order to describe the depth of the poor fellow’s
attachment, truth, and devotion. It would, in fact, require the gifts of a
great poet to convey the expression of his features, the harmony of his
voice, and the heavenly fire of his eye. No words can portray the
tenderness of his every movement and of every feature: no effort of mine
could do justice to the scene. His alarm lest I should misconceive his
position with regard to his mistress, or question the propriety of her
conduct, touched me particularly. The charming manner with which he
described her form and person, which, without possessing the graces of
youth, won and attached him to her, is inexpressible, and must be left to
the imagination. I have never in my life witnessed or fancied or conceived
the possibility of such intense devotion, such ardent affections, united
with so much purity. Do not blame me if I say that the recollection of
this innocence and truth is deeply impressed upon my very soul; that this
picture of fidelity and tenderness haunts me everywhere; and that my own
heart, as though enkindled by the flame, glows and burns within me.

I mean now to try and see her as soon as I can: or perhaps, on second
thoughts, I had better not; it is better I should behold her through the
eyes of her lover. To my sight, perhaps, she would not appear as she now
stands before me; and why should I destroy so sweet a picture?

JUNE 16.

“Why do I not write to you?” You lay claim to learning, and ask such a
question. You should have guessed that I am well—that is to say—in
a word, I have made an acquaintance who has won my heart: I have—I
know not.

To give you a regular account of the manner in which I have become
acquainted with the most amiable of women would be a difficult task. I am
a happy and contented mortal, but a poor historian.

An angel! Nonsense! Everybody so describes his mistress; and yet I find it
impossible to tell you how perfect she is, or why she is so perfect:
suffice it to say she has captivated all my senses.

So much simplicity with so much understanding—so mild, and yet so
resolute—a mind so placid, and a life so active.

But all this is ugly balderdash, which expresses not a single character
nor feature. Some other time—but no, not some other time, now, this
very instant, will I tell you all about it. Now or never. Well, between
ourselves, since I commenced my letter, I have been three times on the
point of throwing down my pen, of ordering my horse, and riding out. And
yet I vowed this morning that I would not ride to-day, and yet every
moment I am rushing to the window to see how high the sun is.

I could not restrain myself—go to her I must. I have just returned,
Wilhelm; and whilst I am taking supper I will write to you. What a delight
it was for my soul to see her in the midst of her dear, beautiful
children,—eight brothers and sisters!

But, if I proceed thus, you will be no wiser at the end of my letter than
you were at the beginning. Attend, then, and I will compel myself to give
you the details.

I mentioned to you the other day that I had become acquainted with S—,
the district judge, and that he had invited me to go and visit him in his
retirement, or rather in his little kingdom. But I neglected going, and
perhaps should never have gone, if chance had not discovered to me the
treasure which lay concealed in that retired spot. Some of our young
people had proposed giving a ball in the country, at which I consented to
be present. I offered my hand for the evening to a pretty and agreeable,
but rather commonplace, sort of girl from the immediate neighbourhood; and
it was agreed that I should engage a carriage, and call upon Charlotte,
with my partner and her aunt, to convey them to the ball. My companion
informed me, as we drove along through the park to the hunting-lodge, that
I should make the acquaintance of a very charming young lady. “Take care,”
added the aunt, “that you do not lose your heart.” “Why?” said I. “Because
she is already engaged to a very worthy man,” she replied, “who is gone to
settle his affairs upon the death of his father, and will succeed to a
very considerable inheritance.” This information possessed no interest for
me. When we arrived at the gate, the sun was setting behind the tops of
the mountains. The atmosphere was heavy; and the ladies expressed their
fears of an approaching storm, as masses of low black clouds were
gathering in the horizon. I relieved their anxieties by pretending to be
weather-wise, although I myself had some apprehensions lest our pleasure
should be interrupted.

I alighted; and a maid came to the door, and requested us to wait a moment
for her mistress. I walked across the court to a well-built house, and,
ascending the flight of steps in front, opened the door, and saw before me
the most charming spectacle I had ever witnessed. Six children, from
eleven to two years old, were running about the hall, and surrounding a
lady of middle height, with a lovely figure, dressed in a robe of simple
white, trimmed with pink ribbons. She was holding a rye loaf in her hand,
and was cutting slices for the little ones all around, in proportion to
their age and appetite. She performed her task in a graceful and
affectionate manner; each claimant awaiting his turn with outstretched
hands, and boisterously shouting his thanks. Some of them ran away at
once, to enjoy their evening meal; whilst others, of a gentler
disposition, retired to the courtyard to see the strangers, and to survey
the carriage in which their Charlotte was to drive away. “Pray forgive me
for giving you the trouble to come for me, and for keeping the ladies
waiting: but dressing, and arranging some household duties before I leave,
had made me forget my children’s supper; and they do not like to take it
from any one but me.” I uttered some indifferent compliment: but my whole
soul was absorbed by her air, her voice, her manner; and I had scarcely
recovered myself when she ran into her room to fetch her gloves and fan.
The young ones threw inquiring glances at me from a distance; whilst I
approached the youngest, a most delicious little creature. He drew back;
and Charlotte, entering at the very moment, said, “Louis, shake hands with
your cousin.” The little fellow obeyed willingly; and I could not resist
giving him a hearty kiss, notwithstanding his rather dirty face. “Cousin,”
said I to Charlotte, as I handed her down, “do you think I deserve the
happiness of being related to you?” She replied, with a ready smile, “Oh!
I have such a number of cousins, that I should be sorry if you were the
most undeserving of them.” In taking leave, she desired her next sister,
Sophy, a girl about eleven years old, to take great care of the children,
and to say good-bye to papa for her when he came home from his ride. She
enjoined to the little ones to obey their sister Sophy as they would
herself, upon which some promised that they would; but a little
fair-haired girl, about six years old, looked discontented, and said, “But
Sophy is not you, Charlotte; and we like you best.” The two eldest boys
had clambered up the carriage; and, at my request, she permitted them to
accompany us a little way through the forest, upon their promising to sit
very still, and hold fast.

We were hardly seated, and the ladies had scarcely exchanged compliments,
making the usual remarks upon each other’s dress, and upon the company
they expected to meet, when Charlotte stopped the carriage, and made her
brothers get down. They insisted upon kissing her hands once more; which
the eldest did with all the tenderness of a youth of fifteen, but the
other in a lighter and more careless manner. She desired them again to
give her love to the children, and we drove off.

The aunt inquired of Charlotte whether she had finished the book she had
last sent her. “No,” said Charlotte; “I did not like it: you can have it
again. And the one before was not much better.” I was surprised, upon
asking the title, to hear that it was ____. (We feel obliged to suppress
the passage in the letter, to prevent any one from feeling aggrieved;
although no author need pay much attention to the opinion of a mere girl,
or that of an unsteady young man.)

I found penetration and character in everything she said: every expression
seemed to brighten her features with new charms,—with new rays of
genius,—which unfolded by degrees, as she felt herself understood.

“When I was younger,” she observed, “I loved nothing so much as romances.
Nothing could equal my delight when, on some holiday, I could settle down
quietly in a corner, and enter with my whole heart and soul into the joys
or sorrows of some fictitious Leonora. I do not deny that they even
possess some charms for me yet. But I read so seldom, that I prefer books
suited exactly to my taste. And I like those authors best whose scenes
describe my own situation in life,—and the friends who are about me,
whose stories touch me with interest, from resembling my own homely
existence,—which, without being absolutely paradise, is, on the
whole, a source of indescribable happiness.”

I endeavoured to conceal the emotion which these words occasioned, but it
was of slight avail; for, when she had expressed so truly her opinion of
“The Vicar of Wakefield,” and of other works, the names of which I omit
(Though the names are omitted, yet the authors mentioned deserve
Charlotte’s approbation, and will feel it in their hearts when they read
this passage. It concerns no other person.), I could no longer contain
myself, but gave full utterance to what I thought of it: and it was not
until Charlotte had addressed herself to the two other ladies, that I
remembered their presence, and observed them sitting mute with
astonishment. The aunt looked at me several times with an air of raillery,
which, however, I did not at all mind.

We talked of the pleasures of dancing. “If it is a fault to love it,” said
Charlotte, “I am ready to confess that I prize it above all other
amusements. If anything disturbs me, I go to the piano, play an air to
which I have danced, and all goes right again directly.”

You, who know me, can fancy how steadfastly I gazed upon her rich dark
eyes during these remarks, how my very soul gloated over her warm lips and
fresh, glowing cheeks, how I became quite lost in the delightful meaning
of her words, so much so, that I scarcely heard the actual expressions. In
short, I alighted from the carriage like a person in a dream, and was so
lost to the dim world around me, that I scarcely heard the music which
resounded from the illuminated ballroom.

The two Messrs. Andran and a certain N. N. (I cannot trouble myself with
the names), who were the aunt’s and Charlotte’s partners, received us at
the carriage-door, and took possession of their ladies, whilst I followed
with mine.

We commenced with a minuet. I led out one lady after another, and
precisely those who were the most disagreeable could not bring themselves
to leave off. Charlotte and her partner began an English country dance,
and you must imagine my delight when it was their turn to dance the figure
with us. You should see Charlotte dance. She dances with her whole heart
and soul: her figure is all harmony, elegance, and grace, as if she were
conscious of nothing else, and had no other thought or feeling; and,
doubtless, for the moment, every other sensation is extinct.

She was engaged for the second country dance, but promised me the third,
and assured me, with the most agreeable freedom, that she was very fond of
waltzing. “It is the custom here,” she said, “for the previous partners to
waltz together; but my partner is an indifferent waltzer, and will feel
delighted if I save him the trouble. Your partner is not allowed to waltz,
and, indeed, is equally incapable: but I observed during the country dance
that you waltz well; so, if you will waltz with me, I beg you would
propose it to my partner, and I will propose it to yours.” We agreed, and
it was arranged that our partners should mutually entertain each other.

We set off, and, at first, delighted ourselves with the usual graceful
motions of the arms. With what grace, with what ease, she moved! When the
waltz commenced, and the dancers whirled around each other in the giddy
maze, there was some confusion, owing to the incapacity of some of the
dancers. We judiciously remained still, allowing the others to weary
themselves; and, when the awkward dancers had withdrawn, we joined in, and
kept it up famously together with one other couple,—Andran and his
partner. Never did I dance more lightly. I felt myself more than mortal,
holding this loveliest of creatures in my arms, flying, with her as
rapidly as the wind, till I lost sight of every other object; and O
Wilhelm, I vowed at that moment, that a maiden whom I loved, or for whom I
felt the slightest attachment, never, never should waltz with any one else
but with me, if I went to perdition for it!—you will understand
this.

We took a few turns in the room to recover our breath. Charlotte sat down,
and felt refreshed by partaking of some oranges which I had had secured,—the
only ones that had been left; but at every slice which, from politeness,
she offered to her neighbours, I felt as though a dagger went through my
heart.

We were the second couple in the third country dance. As we were going
down (and Heaven knows with what ecstasy I gazed at her arms and eyes,
beaming with the sweetest feeling of pure and genuine enjoyment), we
passed a lady whom I had noticed for her charming expression of
countenance; although she was no longer young. She looked at Charlotte
with a smile, then, holding up her finger in a threatening attitude,
repeated twice in a very significant tone of voice the name of “Albert.”

“Who is Albert,” said I to Charlotte, “if it is not impertinent to ask?”
She was about to answer, when we were obliged to separate, in order to
execute a figure in the dance; and, as we crossed over again in front of
each other, I perceived she looked somewhat pensive. “Why need I conceal
it from you?” she said, as she gave me her hand for the promenade. “Albert
is a worthy man, to whom I am engaged.” Now, there was nothing new to me
in this (for the girls had told me of it on the way); but it was so far
new that I had not thought of it in connection with her whom, in so short
a time, I had learned to prize so highly. Enough, I became confused, got
out in the figure, and occasioned general confusion; so that it required
all Charlotte’s presence of mind to set me right by pulling and pushing me
into my proper place.

The dance was not yet finished when the lightning which had for some time
been seen in the horizon, and which I had asserted to proceed entirely
from heat, grew more violent; and the thunder was heard above the music.
When any distress or terror surprises us in the midst of our amusements,
it naturally makes a deeper impression than at other times, either because
the contrast makes us more keenly susceptible, or rather perhaps because
our senses are then more open to impressions, and the shock is
consequently stronger. To this cause I must ascribe the fright and shrieks
of the ladies. One sagaciously sat down in a corner with her back to the
window, and held her fingers to her ears; a second knelt down before her,
and hid her face in her lap; a third threw herself between them, and
embraced her sister with a thousand tears; some insisted on going home;
others, unconscious of their actions, wanted sufficient presence of mind
to repress the impertinence of their young partners, who sought to direct
to themselves those sighs which the lips of our agitated beauties intended
for heaven. Some of the gentlemen had gone down-stairs to smoke a quiet
cigar, and the rest of the company gladly embraced a happy suggestion of
the hostess to retire into another room which was provided with shutters
and curtains. We had hardly got there, when Charlotte placed the chairs in
a circle; and, when the company had sat down in compliance with her
request, she forthwith proposed a round game.

I noticed some of the company prepare their mouths and draw themselves up
at the prospect of some agreeable forfeit. “Let us play at counting,” said
Charlotte. “Now, pay attention: I shall go round the circle from right to
left; and each person is to count, one after the other, the number that
comes to him, and must count fast; whoever stops or mistakes is to have a
box on the ear, and so on, till we have counted a thousand.” It was
delightful to see the fun. She went round the circle with upraised arm.
“One,” said the first; “two,” the second; “three,” the third; and so on,
till Charlotte went faster and faster. One made a mistake, instantly a box
on the ear; and, amid the laughter that ensued, came another box; and so
on, faster and faster. I myself came in for two. I fancied they were
harder than the rest, and felt quite delighted. A general laughter and
confusion put an end to the game long before we had counted as far as a
thousand. The party broke up into little separate knots: the storm had
ceased, and I followed Charlotte into the ballroom. On the way she said,
“The game banished their fears of the storm.” I could make no reply. “I
myself,” she continued, “was as much frightened as any of them; but by
affecting courage, to keep up the spirits of the others, I forgot my
apprehensions.” We went to the window. It was still thundering at a
distance: a soft rain was pouring down over the country, and filled the
air around us with delicious odours. Charlotte leaned forward on her arm;
her eyes wandered over the scene; she raised them to the sky, and then
turned them upon me; they were moistened with tears; she placed her hand
on mine and said, “Klopstock!” at once I remembered the magnificent ode
which was in her thoughts: I felt oppressed with the weight of my
sensations, and sank under them. It was more than I could bear. I bent
over her hand, kissed it in a stream of delicious tears, and again looked
up to her eyes. Divine Klopstock! why didst thou not see thy apotheosis in
those eyes? And thy name so often profaned, would that I never heard it
repeated!

JUNE 19.

I no longer remember where I stopped in my narrative: I only know it was
two in the morning when I went to bed; and if you had been with me, that I
might have talked instead of writing to you, I should, in all probability,
have kept you up till daylight.

I think I have not yet related what happened as we rode home from the
ball, nor have I time to tell you now. It was a most magnificent sunrise:
the whole country was refreshed, and the rain fell drop by drop from the
trees in the forest. Our companions were asleep. Charlotte asked me if I
did not wish to sleep also, and begged of me not to make any ceremony on
her account. Looking steadfastly at her, I answered, “As long as I see
those eyes open, there is no fear of my falling asleep.” We both continued
awake till we reached her door. The maid opened it softly, and assured
her, in answer to her inquiries, that her father and the children were
well, and still sleeping. I left her asking permission to visit her in the
course of the day. She consented, and I went, and, since that time, sun,
moon, and stars may pursue their course: I know not whether it is day or
night; the whole world is nothing to me.

JUNE 21.

My days are as happy as those reserved by God for his elect; and, whatever
be my fate hereafter, I can never say that I have not tasted joy,—the
purest joy of life. You know Walheim. I am now completely settled there.
In that spot I am only half a league from Charlotte; and there I enjoy
myself, and taste all the pleasure which can fall to the lot of man.

Little did I imagine, when I selected Walheim for my pedestrian
excursions, that all heaven lay so near it. How often in my wanderings
from the hillside or from the meadows across the river, have I beheld this
hunting-lodge, which now contains within it all the joy of my heart!

I have often, my dear Wilhelm, reflected on the eagerness men feel to
wander and make new discoveries, and upon that secret impulse which
afterward inclines them to return to their narrow circle, conform to the
laws of custom, and embarrass themselves no longer with what passes around
them.

It is so strange how, when I came here first, and gazed upon that lovely
valley from the hillside, I felt charmed with the entire scene surrounding
me. The little wood opposite—how delightful to sit under its shade!
How fine the view from that point of rock! Then, that delightful chain of
hills, and the exquisite valleys at their feet! Could I but wander and
lose myself amongst them! I went, and returned without finding what I
wished. Distance, my friend, is like futurity. A dim vastness is spread
before our souls: the perceptions of our mind are as obscure as those of
our vision; and we desire earnestly to surrender up our whole being, that
it may be filled with the complete and perfect bliss of one glorious
emotion. But alas! when we have attained our object, when the distant
there becomes the present here, all is changed: we are as poor and
circumscribed as ever, and our souls still languish for unattainable
happiness.

So does the restless traveller pant for his native soil, and find in his
own cottage, in the arms of his wife, in the affections of his children,
and in the labour necessary for their support, that happiness which he had
sought in vain through the wide world.

When, in the morning at sunrise, I go out to Walheim, and with my own
hands gather in the garden the pease which are to serve for my dinner,
when I sit down to shell them, and read my Homer during the intervals, and
then, selecting a saucepan from the kitchen, fetch my own butter, put my
mess on the fire, cover it up, and sit down to stir it as occasion
requires, I figure to myself the illustrious suitors of Penelope, killing,
dressing, and preparing their own oxen and swine. Nothing fills me with a
more pure and genuine sense of happiness than those traits of patriarchal
life which, thank Heaven! I can imitate without affectation. Happy is it,
indeed, for me that my heart is capable of feeling the same simple and
innocent pleasure as the peasant whose table is covered with food of his
own rearing, and who not only enjoys his meal, but remembers with delight
the happy days and sunny mornings when he planted it, the soft evenings
when he watered it, and the pleasure he experienced in watching its daily
growth.

JUNE 29.

The day before yesterday, the physician came from the town to pay a visit
to the judge. He found me on the floor playing with Charlotte’s children.
Some of them were scrambling over me, and others romped with me; and, as I
caught and tickled them, they made a great noise. The doctor is a formal
sort of personage: he adjusts the plaits of his ruffles, and continually
settles his frill whilst he is talking to you; and he thought my conduct
beneath the dignity of a sensible man. I could perceive this by his
countenance. But I did not suffer myself to be disturbed. I allowed him to
continue his wise conversation, whilst I rebuilt the children’s card
houses for them as fast as they threw them down. He went about the town
afterward, complaining that the judge’s children were spoiled enough
before, but that now Werther was completely ruining them.

Yes, my dear Wilhelm, nothing on this earth affects my heart so much as
children. When I look on at their doings; when I mark in the little
creatures the seeds of all those virtues and qualities which they will one
day find so indispensable; when I behold in the obstinate all the future
firmness and constancy of a noble character; in the capricious, that
levity and gaiety of temper which will carry them lightly over the dangers
and troubles of life, their whole nature simple and unpolluted,—then
I call to mind the golden words of the Great Teacher of mankind, “Unless
ye become like one of these!” And now, my friend, these children, who are
our equals, whom we ought to consider as our models, we treat them as
though they were our subjects. They are allowed no will of their own. And
have we, then, none ourselves? Whence comes our exclusive right? Is it
because we are older and more experienced? Great God! from the height of
thy heaven thou beholdest great children and little children, and no
others; and thy Son has long since declared which afford thee greatest
pleasure. But they believe in him, and hear him not,—that, too, is
an old story; and they train their children after their own image, etc.

Adieu, Wilhelm: I will not further bewilder myself with this subject.

JULY 1.

The consolation Charlotte can bring to an invalid I experience from my own
heart, which suffers more from her absence than many a poor creature
lingering on a bed of sickness. She is gone to spend a few days in the
town with a very worthy woman, who is given over by the physicians, and
wishes to have Charlotte near her in her last moments. I accompanied her
last week on a visit to the Vicar of S—, a small village in the
mountains, about a league hence. We arrived about four o’clock: Charlotte
had taken her little sister with her. When we entered the vicarage court,
we found the good old man sitting on a bench before the door, under the
shade of two large walnut-trees. At the sight of Charlotte he seemed to
gain new life, rose, forgot his stick, and ventured to walk toward her.
She ran to him, and made him sit down again; then, placing herself by his
side, she gave him a number of messages from her father, and then caught
up his youngest child, a dirty, ugly little thing, the joy of his old age,
and kissed it. I wish you could have witnessed her attention to this old
man,—how she raised her voice on account of his deafness; how she
told him of healthy young people, who had been carried off when it was
least expected; praised the virtues of Carlsbad, and commended his
determination to spend the ensuing summer there; and assured him that he
looked better and stronger than he did when she saw him last. I, in the
meantime, paid attention to his good lady. The old man seemed quite in
spirits; and as I could not help admiring the beauty of the walnut-trees,
which formed such an agreeable shade over our heads, he began, though with
some little difficulty, to tell us their history. “As to the oldest,” said
he, “we do not know who planted it,—some say one clergyman, and some
another: but the younger one, there behind us, is exactly the age of my
wife, fifty years old next October; her father planted it in the morning,
and in the evening she came into the world. My wife’s father was my
predecessor here, and I cannot tell you how fond he was of that tree; and
it is fully as dear to me. Under the shade of that very tree, upon a log
of wood, my wife was seated knitting, when I, a poor student, came into
this court for the first time, just seven and twenty years ago.” Charlotte
inquired for his daughter. He said she was gone with Herr Schmidt to the
meadows, and was with the haymakers. The old man then resumed his story,
and told us how his predecessor had taken a fancy to him, as had his
daughter likewise; and how he had become first his curate, and
subsequently his successor. He had scarcely finished his story when his
daughter returned through the garden, accompanied by the above-mentioned
Herr Schmidt. She welcomed Charlotte affectionately, and I confess I was
much taken with her appearance. She was a lively-looking, good-humoured
brunette, quite competent to amuse one for a short time in the country.
Her lover (for such Herr Schmidt evidently appeared to be) was a polite,
reserved personage, and would not join our conversation, notwithstanding
all Charlotte’s endeavours to draw him out. I was much annoyed at
observing, by his countenance, that his silence did not arise from want of
talent, but from caprice and ill-humour. This subsequently became very
evident, when we set out to take a walk, and Frederica joining Charlotte,
with whom I was talking, the worthy gentleman’s face, which was naturally
rather sombre, became so dark and angry that Charlotte was obliged to
touch my arm, and remind me that I was talking too much to Frederica.
Nothing distresses me more than to see men torment each other;
particularly when in the flower of their age, in the very season of
pleasure, they waste their few short days of sunshine in quarrels and
disputes, and only perceive their error when it is too late to repair it.
This thought dwelt upon my mind; and in the evening, when we returned to
the vicar’s, and were sitting round the table with our bread and milk, the
conversation turned on the joys and sorrows of the world, I could not
resist the temptation to inveigh bitterly against ill-humour. “We are
apt,” said I, “to complain, but—with very little cause, that our
happy days are few, and our evil days many. If our hearts were always
disposed to receive the benefits Heaven sends us, we should acquire
strength to support evil when it comes.” “But,” observed the vicar’s wife,
“we cannot always command our tempers, so much depends upon the
constitution: when the body suffers, the mind is ill at ease.” “I
acknowledge that,” I continued; “but we must consider such a disposition
in the light of a disease, and inquire whether there is no remedy for it.”

“I should be glad to hear one,” said Charlotte: “at least, I think very
much depends upon ourselves; I know it is so with me. When anything annoys
me, and disturbs my temper, I hasten into the garden, hum a couple of
country dances, and it is all right with me directly.” “That is what I
meant,” I replied; “ill-humour resembles indolence: it is natural to us;
but if once we have courage to exert ourselves, we find our work run fresh
from our hands, and we experience in the activity from which we shrank a
real enjoyment.” Frederica listened very attentively: and the young man
objected, that we were not masters of ourselves, and still less so of our
feelings. “The question is about a disagreeable feeling,” I added, “from
which every one would willingly escape, but none know their own power
without trial. Invalids are glad to consult physicians, and submit to the
most scrupulous regimen, the most nauseous medicines, in order to recover
their health.” I observed that the good old man inclined his head, and
exerted himself to hear our discourse; so I raised my voice, and addressed
myself directly to him. “We preach against a great many crimes,” I
observed, “but I never remember a sermon delivered against ill-humour.”
“That may do very well for your town clergymen,” said he: “country people
are never ill-humoured; though, indeed, it might be useful, occasionally,
to my wife for instance, and the judge.” We all laughed, as did he
likewise very cordially, till he fell into a fit of coughing, which
interrupted our conversation for a time. Herr Schmidt resumed the subject.
“You call ill humour a crime,” he remarked, “but I think you use too
strong a term.” “Not at all,” I replied, “if that deserves the name which
is so pernicious to ourselves and our neighbours. Is it not enough that we
want the power to make one another happy, must we deprive each other of
the pleasure which we can all make for ourselves? Show me the man who has
the courage to hide his ill-humour, who bears the whole burden himself,
without disturbing the peace of those around him. No: ill-humour arises
from an inward consciousness of our own want of merit, from a discontent
which ever accompanies that envy which foolish vanity engenders. We see
people happy, whom we have not made so, and cannot endure the sight.”
Charlotte looked at me with a smile; she observed the emotion with which I
spoke: and a tear in the eyes of Frederica stimulated me to proceed. “Woe
unto those,” I said, “who use their power over a human heart to destroy
the simple pleasures it would naturally enjoy! All the favours, all the
attentions, in the world cannot compensate for the loss of that happiness
which a cruel tyranny has destroyed.” My heart was full as I spoke. A
recollection of many things which had happened pressed upon my mind, and
filled my eyes with tears. “We should daily repeat to ourselves,” I
exclaimed, “that we should not interfere with our friends, unless to leave
them in possession of their own joys, and increase their happiness by
sharing it with them! But when their souls are tormented by a violent
passion, or their hearts rent with grief, is it in your power to afford
them the slightest consolation?

“And when the last fatal malady seizes the being whose untimely grave you
have prepared, when she lies languid and exhausted before you, her dim
eyes raised to heaven, and the damp of death upon her pallid brow, there
you stand at her bedside like a condemned criminal, with the bitter
feeling that your whole fortune could not save her; and the agonising
thought wrings you, that all your efforts are powerless to impart even a
moment’s strength to the departing soul, or quicken her with a transitory
consolation.”

At these words the remembrance of a similar scene at which I had been once
present fell with full force upon my heart. I buried my face in my
handkerchief, and hastened from the room, and was only recalled to my
recollection by Charlotte’s voice, who reminded me that it was time to
return home. With what tenderness she chid me on the way for the too eager
interest I took in everything! She declared it would do me injury, and
that I ought to spare myself. Yes, my angel! I will do so for your sake.

JULY 6.

She is still with her dying friend, and is still the same bright,
beautiful creature whose presence softens pain, and sheds happiness around
whichever way she turns. She went out yesterday with her little sisters: I
knew it, and went to meet them; and we walked together. In about an hour
and a half we returned to the town. We stopped at the spring I am so fond
of, and which is now a thousand times dearer to me than ever. Charlotte
seated herself upon the low wall, and we gathered about her. I looked
around, and recalled the time when my heart was unoccupied and free. “Dear
fountain!” I said, “since that time I have no more come to enjoy cool
repose by thy fresh stream: I have passed thee with careless steps, and
scarcely bestowed a glance upon thee.” I looked down, and observed
Charlotte’s little sister, Jane, coming up the steps with a glass of
water. I turned toward Charlotte, and I felt her influence over me. Jane
at the moment approached with the glass. Her sister, Marianne, wished to
take it from her. “No!” cried the child, with the sweetest expression of
face, “Charlotte must drink first.”

The affection and simplicity with which this was uttered so charmed me,
that I sought to express my feelings by catching up the child and kissing
her heartily. She was frightened, and began to cry. “You should not do
that,” said Charlotte: I felt perplexed. “Come, Jane,” she continued,
taking her hand, and leading her down the steps again, “it is no matter:
wash yourself quickly in the fresh water.” I stood and watched them; and
when I saw the little dear rubbing her cheeks with her wet hands, in full
belief that all the impurities contracted from my ugly beard would be
washed off by the miraculous water, and how, though Charlotte said it
would do, she continued still to wash with all her might, as though she
thought too much were better than too little, I assure you, Wilhelm, I
never attended a baptism with greater reverence; and, when Charlotte came
up from the well, I could have prostrated myself as before the prophet of
an Eastern nation.

In the evening I would not resist telling the story to a person who, I
thought, possessed some natural feeling, because he was a man of
understanding. But what a mistake I made. He maintained it was very wrong
of Charlotte, that we should not deceive children, that such things
occasioned countless mistakes and superstitions, from which we were bound
to protect the young. It occurred to me then, that this very man had been
baptised only a week before; so I said nothing further, but maintained the
justice of my own convictions. We should deal with children as God deals
with us, we are happiest under the influence of innocent delusions.

JULY 8.

What a child is man that he should be so solicitous about a look! What a
child is man! We had been to Walheim: the ladies went in a carriage; but
during our walk I thought I saw in Charlotte’s dark eyes—I am a fool—but
forgive me! you should see them,—those eyes.—However, to be
brief (for my own eyes are weighed down with sleep), you must know, when
the ladies stepped into their carriage again, young W. Seldstadt, Andran,
and I were standing about the door. They are a merry set of fellows, and
they were all laughing and joking together. I watched Charlotte’s eyes.
They wandered from one to the other; but they did not light on me, on me,
who stood there motionless, and who saw nothing but her! My heart bade her
a thousand times adieu, but she noticed me not. The carriage drove off;
and my eyes filled with tears. I looked after her: suddenly I saw
Charlotte’s bonnet leaning out of the window, and she turned to look back,
was it at me? My dear friend, I know not; and in this uncertainty I find
consolation. Perhaps she turned to look at me. Perhaps! Good-night—what
a child I am!

JULY 10.

You should see how foolish I look in company when her name is mentioned,
particularly when I am asked plainly how I like her. How I like her! I
detest the phrase. What sort of creature must he be who merely liked
Charlotte, whose whole heart and senses were not entirely absorbed by her.
Like her! Some one asked me lately how I liked Ossian.

JULY 11.

Madame M— is very ill. I pray for her recovery, because Charlotte
shares my sufferings. I see her occasionally at my friend’s house, and
to-day she has told me the strangest circumstance. Old M— is a
covetous, miserly fellow, who has long worried and annoyed the poor lady
sadly; but she has borne her afflictions patiently. A few days ago, when
the physician informed us that her recovery was hopeless, she sent for her
husband (Charlotte was present), and addressed him thus: “I have something
to confess, which, after my decease, may occasion trouble and confusion. I
have hitherto conducted your household as frugally and economically as
possible, but you must pardon me for having defrauded you for thirty
years. At the commencement of our married life, you allowed a small sum
for the wants of the kitchen, and the other household expenses. When our
establishment increased and our property grew larger, I could not persuade
you to increase the weekly allowance in proportion: in short, you know,
that, when our wants were greatest, you required me to supply everything
with seven florins a week. I took the money from you without an
observation, but made up the weekly deficiency from the money-chest; as
nobody would suspect your wife of robbing the household bank. But I have
wasted nothing, and should have been content to meet my eternal Judge
without this confession, if she, upon whom the management of your
establishment will devolve after my decease, would be free from
embarrassment upon your insisting that the allowance made to me, your
former wife, was sufficient.”

I talked with Charlotte of the inconceivable manner in which men allow
themselves to be blinded; how any one could avoid suspecting some
deception, when seven florins only were allowed to defray expenses twice
as great. But I have myself known people who believed, without any visible
astonishment, that their house possessed the prophet’s never-failing cruse
of oil.

JULY 13.

No, I am not deceived. In her dark eyes I read a genuine interest in me
and in my fortunes. Yes, I feel it; and I may believe my own heart which
tells me—dare I say it?—dare I pronounce the divine words?—that
she loves me!

That she loves me! How the idea exalts me in my own eyes! And, as you can
understand my feelings, I may say to you, how I honour myself since she
loves me!

Is this presumption, or is it a consciousness of the truth? I do not know
a man able to supplant me in the heart of Charlotte; and yet when she
speaks of her betrothed with so much warmth and affection, I feel like the
soldier who has been stripped of his honours and titles, and deprived of
his sword.

JULY 16.

How my heart beats when by accident I touch her finger, or my feet meet
hers under the table! I draw back as if from a furnace; but a secret force
impels me forward again, and my senses become disordered. Her innocent,
unconscious heart never knows what agony these little familiarities
inflict upon me. Sometimes when we are talking she lays her hand upon
mine, and in the eagerness of conversation comes closer to me, and her
balmy breath reaches my lips,—when I feel as if lightning had struck
me, and that I could sink into the earth. And yet, Wilhelm, with all this
heavenly confidence,—if I know myself, and should ever dare—you
understand me. No, no! my heart is not so corrupt, it is weak, weak enough
but is not that a degree of corruption?

She is to me a sacred being. All passion is still in her presence: I
cannot express my sensations when I am near her. I feel as if my soul beat
in every nerve of my body. There is a melody which she plays on the piano
with angelic skill,—so simple is it, and yet so spiritual! It is her
favourite air; and, when she plays the first note, all pain, care, and
sorrow disappear from me in a moment.

I believe every word that is said of the magic of ancient music. How her
simple song enchants me! Sometimes, when I am ready to commit suicide, she
sings that air; and instantly the gloom and madness which hung over me are
dispersed, and I breathe freely again.

JULY 18.

Wilhelm, what is the world to our hearts without love? What is a
magic-lantern without light? You have but to kindle the flame within, and
the brightest figures shine on the white wall; and, if love only show us
fleeting shadows, we are yet happy, when, like mere children, we behold
them, and are transported with the splendid phantoms. I have not been able
to see Charlotte to-day. I was prevented by company from which I could not
disengage myself. What was to be done? I sent my servant to her house,
that I might at least see somebody to-day who had been near her. Oh, the
impatience with which I waited for his return! the joy with which I
welcomed him! I should certainly have caught him in my arms, and kissed
him, if I had not been ashamed.

It is said that the Bonona stone, when placed in the sun, attracts the
rays, and for a time appears luminous in the dark. So was it with me and
this servant. The idea that Charlotte’s eyes had dwelt on his countenance,
his cheek, his very apparel, endeared them all inestimably to me, so that
at the moment I would not have parted from him for a thousand crowns. His
presence made me so happy! Beware of laughing at me, Wilhelm. Can that be
a delusion which makes us happy?

JULY 19.

“I shall see her today!” I exclaim with delight, when I rise in the
morning, and look out with gladness of heart at the bright, beautiful sun.
“I shall see her today!” And then I have no further wish to form: all, all
is included in that one thought.

JULY 20.

I cannot assent to your proposal that I should accompany the ambassador to
———. I do not love subordination; and we all know that
he is a rough, disagreeable person to be connected with. You say my mother
wishes me to be employed. I could not help laughing at that. Am I not
sufficiently employed? And is it not in reality the same, whether I shell
peas or count lentils? The world runs on from one folly to another; and
the man who, solely from regard to the opinion of others, and without any
wish or necessity of his own, toils after gold, honour, or any other
phantom, is no better than a fool.

JULY 24.

You insist so much on my not neglecting my drawing, that it would be as
well for me to say nothing as to confess how little I have lately done.

I never felt happier, I never understood nature better, even down to the
veriest stem or smallest blade of grass; and yet I am unable to express
myself: my powers of execution are so weak, everything seems to swim and
float before me, so that I cannot make a clear, bold outline. But I fancy
I should succeed better if I had some clay or wax to model. I shall try,
if this state of mind continues much longer, and will take to modelling,
if I only knead dough.

I have commenced Charlotte’s portrait three times, and have as often
disgraced myself. This is the more annoying, as I was formerly very happy
in taking likenesses. I have since sketched her profile, and must content
myself with that.

JULY 25.

Yes, dear Charlotte! I will order and arrange everything. Only give me
more commissions, the more the better. One thing, however, I must request:
use no more writing-sand with the dear notes you send me. Today I raised
your letter hastily to my lips, and it set my teeth on edge.

JULY 26.

I have often determined not to see her so frequently. But who could keep
such a resolution? Every day I am exposed to the temptation, and promise
faithfully that to-morrow I will really stay away: but, when tomorrow
comes, I find some irresistible reason for seeing her; and, before I can
account for it, I am with her again. Either she has said on the previous
evening “You will be sure to call to-morrow,”—and who could stay
away then?—or she gives me some commission, and I find it essential
to take her the answer in person; or the day is fine, and I walk to
Walheim; and, when I am there, it is only half a league farther to her. I
am within the charmed atmosphere, and soon find myself at her side. My
grandmother used to tell us a story of a mountain of loadstone. When any
vessels came near it, they were instantly deprived of their ironwork: the
nails flew to the mountain, and the unhappy crew perished amidst the
disjointed planks.

JULY 30.

Albert is arrived, and I must take my departure. Were he the best and
noblest of men, and I in every respect his inferior, I could not endure to
see him in possession of such a perfect being. Possession!—enough,
Wilhelm: her betrothed is here,—a fine, worthy fellow, whom one
cannot help liking. Fortunately I was not present at their meeting. It
would have broken my heart! And he is so considerate: he has not given
Charlotte one kiss in my presence. Heaven reward him for it! I must love
him for the respect with which he treats her. He shows a regard for me,
but for this I suspect I am more indebted to Charlotte than to his own
fancy for me. Women have a delicate tact in such matters, and it should be
so. They cannot always succeed in keeping two rivals on terms with each
other; but, when they do, they are the only gainers.

I cannot help esteeming Albert. The coolness of his temper contrasts
strongly with the impetuosity of mine, which I cannot conceal. He has a
great deal of feeling, and is fully sensible of the treasure he possesses
in Charlotte. He is free from ill-humour, which you know is the fault I
detest most.

He regards me as a man of sense; and my attachment to Charlotte, and the
interest I take in all that concerns her, augment his triumph and his
love. I shall not inquire whether he may not at times tease her with some
little jealousies; as I know, that, were I in his place, I should not be
entirely free from such sensations.

But, be that as it may, my pleasure with Charlotte is over. Call it folly
or infatuation, what signifies a name? The thing speaks for itself. Before
Albert came, I knew all that I know now. I knew I could make no
pretensions to her, nor did I offer any, that is, as far as it was
possible, in the presence of so much loveliness, not to pant for its
enjoyment. And now, behold me like a silly fellow, staring with
astonishment when another comes in, and deprives me of my love.

I bite my lips, and feel infinite scorn for those who tell me to be
resigned, because there is no help for it. Let me escape from the yoke of
such silly subterfuges! I ramble through the woods; and when I return to
Charlotte, and find Albert sitting by her side in the summer-house in the
garden, I am unable to bear it, behave like a fool, and commit a thousand
extravagances. “For Heaven’s sake,” said Charlotte today, “let us have no
more scenes like those of last night! You terrify me when you are so
violent.” Between ourselves, I am always away now when he visits her: and
I feel delighted when I find her alone.

AUGUST 8.

Believe me, dear Wilhelm, I did not allude to you when I spoke so severely
of those who advise resignation to inevitable fate. I did not think it
possible for you to indulge such a sentiment. But in fact you are right. I
only suggest one objection. In this world one is seldom reduced to make a
selection between two alternatives. There are as many varieties of conduct
and opinion as there are turns of feature between an aquiline nose and a
flat one.

You will, therefore, permit me to concede your entire argument, and yet
contrive means to escape your dilemma.

Your position is this, I hear you say: “Either you have hopes of obtaining
Charlotte, or you have none. Well, in the first case, pursue your course,
and press on to the fulfilment of your wishes. In the second, be a man,
and shake off a miserable passion, which will enervate and destroy you.”
My dear friend, this is well and easily said.

But would you require a wretched being, whose life is slowly wasting under
a lingering disease, to despatch himself at once by the stroke of a
dagger? Does not the very disorder which consumes his strength deprive him
of the courage to effect his deliverance?

You may answer me, if you please, with a similar analogy, “Who would not
prefer the amputation of an arm to the periling of life by doubt and
procrastination!” But I know not if I am right, and let us leave these
comparisons.

Enough! There are moments, Wilhelm, when I could rise up and shake it all
off, and when, if I only knew where to go, I could fly from this place.

THE SAME EVENING.

My diary, which I have for some time neglected, came before me today; and
I am amazed to see how deliberately I have entangled myself step by step.
To have seen my position so clearly, and yet to have acted so like a
child! Even still I behold the result plainly, and yet have no thought of
acting with greater prudence.

AUGUST 10.

If I were not a fool, I could spend the happiest and most delightful life
here. So many agreeable circumstances, and of a kind to ensure a worthy
man’s happiness, are seldom united. Alas! I feel it too sensibly,—the
heart alone makes our happiness! To be admitted into this most charming
family, to be loved by the father as a son, by the children as a father,
and by Charlotte! then the noble Albert, who never disturbs my happiness
by any appearance of ill-humour, receiving me with the heartiest
affection, and loving me, next to Charlotte, better than all the world!
Wilhelm, you would be delighted to hear us in our rambles, and
conversations about Charlotte. Nothing in the world can be more absurd
than our connection, and yet the thought of it often moves me to tears.

He tells me sometimes of her excellent mother; how, upon her death-bed,
she had committed her house and children to Charlotte, and had given
Charlotte herself in charge to him; how, since that time, a new spirit had
taken possession of her; how, in care and anxiety for their welfare, she
became a real mother to them; how every moment of her time was devoted to
some labour of love in their behalf,—and yet her mirth and
cheerfulness had never forsaken her. I walk by his side, pluck flowers by
the way, arrange them carefully into a nosegay, then fling them into the
first stream I pass, and watch them as they float gently away. I forget
whether I told you that Albert is to remain here. He has received a
government appointment, with a very good salary; and I understand he is in
high favour at court. I have met few persons so punctual and methodical in
business.

AUGUST 12.

Certainly Albert is the best fellow in the world. I had a strange scene
with him yesterday. I went to take leave of him; for I took it into my
head to spend a few days in these mountains, from where I now write to
you. As I was walking up and down his room, my eye fell upon his pistols.
“Lend me those pistols,” said I, “for my journey.” “By all means,” he
replied, “if you will take the trouble to load them; for they only hang
there for form.” I took down one of them; and he continued, “Ever since I
was near suffering for my extreme caution, I will have nothing to do with
such things.” I was curious to hear the story. “I was staying,” said he,
“some three months ago, at a friend’s house in the country. I had a brace
of pistols with me, unloaded; and I slept without any anxiety. One rainy
afternoon I was sitting by myself, doing nothing, when it occurred to me I
do not know how that the house might be attacked, that we might require
the pistols, that we might in short, you know how we go on fancying, when
we have nothing better to do. I gave the pistols to the servant, to clean
and load. He was playing with the maid, and trying to frighten her, when
the pistol went off—God knows how!—the ramrod was in the
barrel; and it went straight through her right hand, and shattered the
thumb. I had to endure all the lamentation, and to pay the surgeon’s bill;
so, since that time, I have kept all my weapons unloaded. But, my dear
friend, what is the use of prudence? We can never be on our guard against
all possible dangers. However,”—now, you must know I can tolerate
all men till they come to “however;”—for it is self-evident that
every universal rule must have its exceptions. But he is so exceedingly
accurate, that, if he only fancies he has said a word too precipitate, or
too general, or only half true, he never ceases to qualify, to modify, and
extenuate, till at last he appears to have said nothing at all. Upon this
occasion, Albert was deeply immersed in his subject: I ceased to listen to
him, and became lost in reverie. With a sudden motion, I pointed the mouth
of the pistol to my forehead, over the right eye. “What do you mean?”
cried Albert, turning back the pistol. “It is not loaded,” said I. “And
even if not,” he answered with impatience, “what can you mean? I cannot
comprehend how a man can be so mad as to shoot himself, and the bare idea
of it shocks me.”

“But why should any one,” said I, “in speaking of an action, venture to
pronounce it mad or wise, or good or bad? What is the meaning of all this?
Have you carefully studied the secret motives of our actions? Do you
understand—can you explain the causes which occasion them, and make
them inevitable? If you can, you will be less hasty with your decision.”

“But you will allow,” said Albert; “that some actions are criminal, let
them spring from whatever motives they may.” I granted it, and shrugged my
shoulders.

“But still, my good friend,” I continued, “there are some exceptions here
too. Theft is a crime; but the man who commits it from extreme poverty,
with no design but to save his family from perishing, is he an object of
pity, or of punishment? Who shall throw the first stone at a husband, who,
in the heat of just resentment, sacrifices his faithless wife and her
perfidious seducer? or at the young maiden, who, in her weak hour of
rapture, forgets herself in the impetuous joys of love? Even our laws,
cold and cruel as they are, relent in such cases, and withhold their
punishment.”

“That is quite another thing,” said Albert; “because a man under the
influence of violent passion loses all power of reflection, and is
regarded as intoxicated or insane.”

“Oh! you people of sound understandings,” I replied, smiling, “are ever
ready to exclaim ‘Extravagance, and madness, and intoxication!’ You moral
men are so calm and so subdued! You abhor the drunken man, and detest the
extravagant; you pass by, like the Levite, and thank God, like the
Pharisee, that you are not like one of them. I have been more than once
intoxicated, my passions have always bordered on extravagance: I am not
ashamed to confess it; for I have learned, by my own experience, that all
extraordinary men, who have accomplished great and astonishing actions,
have ever been decried by the world as drunken or insane. And in private
life, too, is it not intolerable that no one can undertake the execution
of a noble or generous deed, without giving rise to the exclamation that
the doer is intoxicated or mad? Shame upon you, ye sages!”

“This is another of your extravagant humours,” said Albert: “you always
exaggerate a case, and in this matter you are undoubtedly wrong; for we
were speaking of suicide, which you compare with great actions, when it is
impossible to regard it as anything but a weakness. It is much easier to
die than to bear a life of misery with fortitude.”

I was on the point of breaking off the conversation, for nothing puts me
so completely out of patience as the utterance of a wretched commonplace
when I am talking from my inmost heart. However, I composed myself, for I
had often heard the same observation with sufficient vexation; and I
answered him, therefore, with a little warmth, “You call this a weakness—beware
of being led astray by appearances. When a nation, which has long groaned
under the intolerable yoke of a tyrant, rises at last and throws off its
chains, do you call that weakness? The man who, to rescue his house from
the flames, finds his physical strength redoubled, so that he lifts
burdens with ease, which, in the absence of excitement, he could scarcely
move; he who, under the rage of an insult, attacks and puts to flight half
a score of his enemies, are such persons to be called weak? My good
friend, if resistance be strength, how can the highest degree of
resistance be a weakness?”

Albert looked steadfastly at me, and said, “Pray forgive me, but I do not
see that the examples you have adduced bear any relation to the question.”
“Very likely,” I answered; “for I have often been told that my style of
illustration borders a little on the absurd. But let us see if we cannot
place the matter in another point of view, by inquiring what can be a
man’s state of mind who resolves to free himself from the burden of life,—a
burden often so pleasant to bear,—for we cannot otherwise reason
fairly upon the subject.

“Human nature,” I continued, “has its limits. It is able to endure a
certain degree of joy, sorrow, and pain, but becomes annihilated as soon
as this measure is exceeded. The question, therefore, is, not whether a
man is strong or weak, but whether he is able to endure the measure of his
sufferings. The suffering may be moral or physical; and in my opinion it
is just as absurd to call a man a coward who destroys himself, as to call
a man a coward who dies of a malignant fever.”

“Paradox, all paradox!” exclaimed Albert. “Not so paradoxical as you
imagine,” I replied. “You allow that we designate a disease as mortal when
nature is so severely attacked, and her strength so far exhausted, that
she cannot possibly recover her former condition under any change that may
take place.

“Now, my good friend, apply this to the mind; observe a man in his
natural, isolated condition; consider how ideas work, and how impressions
fasten on him, till at length a violent passion seizes him, destroying all
his powers of calm reflection, and utterly ruining him.

“It is in vain that a man of sound mind and cool temper understands the
condition of such a wretched being, in vain he counsels him. He can no
more communicate his own wisdom to him than a healthy man can instil his
strength into the invalid, by whose bedside he is seated.”

Albert thought this too general. I reminded him of a girl who had drowned
herself a short time previously, and I related her history.

She was a good creature, who had grown up in the narrow sphere of
household industry and weekly appointed labour; one who knew no pleasure
beyond indulging in a walk on Sundays, arrayed in her best attire,
accompanied by her friends, or perhaps joining in the dance now and then
at some festival, and chatting away her spare hours with a neighbour,
discussing the scandal or the quarrels of the village, trifles sufficient
to occupy her heart. At length the warmth of her nature is influenced by
certain new and unknown wishes. Inflamed by the flatteries of men, her
former pleasures become by degrees insipid, till at length she meets with
a youth to whom she is attracted by an indescribable feeling; upon him she
now rests all her hopes; she forgets the world around her; she sees,
hears, desires nothing but him, and him only. He alone occupies all her
thoughts. Uncorrupted by the idle indulgence of an enervating vanity, her
affection moving steadily toward its object, she hopes to become his, and
to realise, in an everlasting union with him, all that happiness which she
sought, all that bliss for which she longed. His repeated promises confirm
her hopes: embraces and endearments, which increase the ardour of her
desires, overmaster her soul. She floats in a dim, delusive anticipation
of her happiness; and her feelings become excited to their utmost tension.
She stretches out her arms finally to embrace the object of all her wishes
and her lover forsakes her. Stunned and bewildered, she stands upon a
precipice. All is darkness around her. No prospect, no hope, no
consolation—forsaken by him in whom her existence was centred! She
sees nothing of the wide world before her, thinks nothing of the many
individuals who might supply the void in her heart; she feels herself
deserted, forsaken by the world; and, blinded and impelled by the agony
which wrings her soul, she plunges into the deep, to end her sufferings in
the broad embrace of death. See here, Albert, the history of thousands;
and tell me, is not this a case of physical infirmity? Nature has no way
to escape from the labyrinth: her powers are exhausted: she can contend no
longer, and the poor soul must die.

“Shame upon him who can look on calmly, and exclaim, ‘The foolish girl!
she should have waited; she should have allowed time to wear off the
impression; her despair would have been softened, and she would have found
another lover to comfort her.’ One might as well say, ‘The fool, to die of
a fever! why did he not wait till his strength was restored, till his
blood became calm? all would then have gone well, and he would have been
alive now.'”

Albert, who could not see the justice of the comparison, offered some
further objections, and, amongst others, urged that I had taken the case
of a mere ignorant girl. But how any man of sense, of more enlarged views
and experience, could be excused, he was unable to comprehend. “My
friend!” I exclaimed, “man is but man; and, whatever be the extent of his
reasoning powers, they are of little avail when passion rages within, and
he feels himself confined by the narrow limits of nature. It were better,
then—but we will talk of this some other time,” I said, and caught
up my hat. Alas! my heart was full; and we parted without conviction on
either side. How rarely in this world do men understand each other!

AUGUST 15.

There can be no doubt that in this world nothing is so indispensable as
love. I observe that Charlotte could not lose me without a pang, and the
very children have but one wish; that is, that I should visit them again
to-morrow. I went this afternoon to tune Charlotte’s piano. But I could
not do it, for the little ones insisted on my telling them a story; and
Charlotte herself urged me to satisfy them. I waited upon them at tea, and
they are now as fully contented with me as with Charlotte; and I told them
my very best tale of the princess who was waited upon by dwarfs. I improve
myself by this exercise, and am quite surprised at the impression my
stories create. If I sometimes invent an incident which I forget upon the
next narration, they remind one directly that the story was different
before; so that I now endeavour to relate with exactness the same anecdote
in the same monotonous tone, which never changes. I find by this, how much
an author injures his works by altering them, even though they be improved
in a poetical point of view. The first impression is readily received. We
are so constituted that we believe the most incredible things; and, once
they are engraved upon the memory, woe to him who would endeavour to
efface them.

AUGUST 18.

Must it ever be thus,—that the source of our happiness must also be
the fountain of our misery? The full and ardent sentiment which animated
my heart with the love of nature, overwhelming me with a torrent of
delight, and which brought all paradise before me, has now become an
insupportable torment, a demon which perpetually pursues and harasses me.
When in bygone days I gazed from these rocks upon yonder mountains across
the river, and upon the green, flowery valley before me, and saw all
nature budding and bursting around; the hills clothed from foot to peak
with tall, thick forest trees; the valleys in all their varied windings,
shaded with the loveliest woods; and the soft river gliding along amongst
the lisping reeds, mirroring the beautiful clouds which the soft evening
breeze wafted across the sky,—when I heard the groves about me
melodious with the music of birds, and saw the million swarms of insects
dancing in the last golden beams of the sun, whose setting rays awoke the
humming beetles from their grassy beds, whilst the subdued tumult around
directed my attention to the ground, and I there observed the arid rock
compelled to yield nutriment to the dry moss, whilst the heath flourished
upon the barren sands below me, all this displayed to me the inner warmth
which animates all nature, and filled and glowed within my heart. I felt
myself exalted by this overflowing fulness to the perception of the
Godhead, and the glorious forms of an infinite universe became visible to
my soul! Stupendous mountains encompassed me, abysses yawned at my feet,
and cataracts fell headlong down before me; impetuous rivers rolled
through the plain, and rocks and mountains resounded from afar. In the
depths of the earth I saw innumerable powers in motion, and multiplying to
infinity; whilst upon its surface, and beneath the heavens, there teemed
ten thousand varieties of living creatures. Everything around is alive
with an infinite number of forms; while mankind fly for security to their
petty houses, from the shelter of which they rule in their imaginations
over the wide-extended universe. Poor fool! in whose petty estimation all
things are little. From the inaccessible mountains, across the desert
which no mortal foot has trod, far as the confines of the unknown ocean,
breathes the spirit of the eternal Creator; and every atom to which he has
given existence finds favour in his sight. Ah, how often at that time has
the flight of a bird, soaring above my head, inspired me with the desire
of being transported to the shores of the immeasurable waters, there to
quaff the pleasures of life from the foaming goblet of the Infinite, and
to partake, if but for a moment even, with the confined powers of my soul,
the beatitude of that Creator who accomplishes all things in himself, and
through himself!

My dear friend, the bare recollection of those hours still consoles me.
Even this effort to recall those ineffable sensations, and give them
utterance, exalts my soul above itself, and makes me doubly feel the
intensity of my present anguish.

It is as if a curtain had been drawn from before my eyes, and, instead of
prospects of eternal life, the abyss of an ever open grave yawned before
me. Can we say of anything that it exists when all passes away, when time,
with the speed of a storm, carries all things onward,—and our
transitory existence, hurried along by the torrent, is either swallowed up
by the waves or dashed against the rocks? There is not a moment but preys
upon you,—and upon all around you, not a moment in which you do not
yourself become a destroyer. The most innocent walk deprives of life
thousands of poor insects: one step destroys the fabric of the industrious
ant, and converts a little world into chaos. No: it is not the great and
rare calamities of the world, the floods which sweep away whole villages,
the earthquakes which swallow up our towns, that affect me. My heart is
wasted by the thought of that destructive power which lies concealed in
every part of universal nature. Nature has formed nothing that does not
consume itself, and every object near it: so that, surrounded by earth and
air, and all the active powers, I wander on my way with aching heart; and
the universe is to me a fearful monster, for ever devouring its own
offspring.

AUGUST 21.

In vain do I stretch out my arms toward her when I awaken in the morning
from my weary slumbers. In vain do I seek for her at night in my bed, when
some innocent dream has happily deceived me, and placed her near me in the
fields, when I have seized her hand and covered it with countless kisses.
And when I feel for her in the half confusion of sleep, with the happy
sense that she is near, tears flow from my oppressed heart; and, bereft of
all comfort, I weep over my future woes.

AUGUST 22.

What a misfortune, Wilhelm! My active spirits have degenerated into
contented indolence. I cannot be idle, and yet I am unable to set to work.
I cannot think: I have no longer any feeling for the beauties of nature,
and books are distasteful to me. Once we give ourselves up, we are totally
lost. Many a time and oft I wish I were a common labourer; that, awakening
in the morning, I might have but one prospect, one pursuit, one hope, for
the day which has dawned. I often envy Albert when I see him buried in a
heap of papers and parchments, and I fancy I should be happy were I in his
place. Often impressed with this feeling I have been on the point of
writing to you and to the minister, for the appointment at the embassy,
which you think I might obtain. I believe I might procure it. The minister
has long shown a regard for me, and has frequently urged me to seek
employment. It is the business of an hour only. Now and then the fable of
the horse recurs to me. Weary of liberty, he suffered himself to be
saddled and bridled, and was ridden to death for his pains. I know not
what to determine upon. For is not this anxiety for change the consequence
of that restless spirit which would pursue me equally in every situation
of life?

AUGUST 28.

If my ills would admit of any cure, they would certainly be cured here.
This is my birthday, and early in the morning I received a packet from
Albert. Upon opening it, I found one of the pink ribbons which Charlotte
wore in her dress the first time I saw her, and which I had several times
asked her to give me. With it were two volumes in duodecimo of Wetstein’s
“Homer,” a book I had often wished for, to save me the inconvenience of
carrying the large Ernestine edition with me upon my walks. You see how
they anticipate my wishes, how well they understand all those little
attentions of friendship, so superior to the costly presents of the great,
which are humiliating. I kissed the ribbon a thousand times, and in every
breath inhaled the remembrance of those happy and irrevocable days which
filled me with the keenest joy. Such, Wilhelm, is our fate. I do not
murmur at it: the flowers of life are but visionary. How many pass away,
and leave no trace behind—how few yield any fruit—and the
fruit itself, how rarely does it ripen! And yet there are flowers enough!
and is it not strange, my friend, that we should suffer the little that
does really ripen, to rot, decay, and perish unenjoyed? Farewell! This is
a glorious summer. I often climb into the trees in Charlotte’s orchard,
and shake down the pears that hang on the highest branches. She stands
below, and catches them as they fall.

AUGUST 30.

Unhappy being that I am! Why do I thus deceive myself? What is to come of
all this wild, aimless, endless passion? I cannot pray except to her. My
imagination sees nothing but her: all surrounding objects are of no
account, except as they relate to her. In this dreamy state I enjoy many
happy hours, till at length I feel compelled to tear myself away from her.
Ah, Wilhelm, to what does not my heart often compel me! When I have spent
several hours in her company, till I feel completely absorbed by her
figure, her grace, the divine expression of her thoughts, my mind becomes
gradually excited to the highest excess, my sight grows dim, my hearing
confused, my breathing oppressed as if by the hand of a murderer, and my
beating heart seeks to obtain relief for my aching senses. I am sometimes
unconscious whether I really exist. If in such moments I find no sympathy,
and Charlotte does not allow me to enjoy the melancholy consolation of
bathing her hand with my tears, I feel compelled to tear myself from her,
when I either wander through the country, climb some precipitous cliff, or
force a path through the trackless thicket, where I am lacerated and torn
by thorns and briers; and thence I find relief. Sometimes I lie stretched
on the ground, overcome with fatigue and dying with thirst; sometimes,
late in the night, when the moon shines above me, I recline against an
aged tree in some sequestered forest, to rest my weary limbs, when,
exhausted and worn, I sleep till break of day. O Wilhelm! the hermit’s
cell, his sackcloth, and girdle of thorns would be luxury and indulgence
compared with what I suffer. Adieu! I see no end to this wretchedness
except the grave.

SEPTEMBER 3.

I must away. Thank you, Wilhelm, for determining my wavering purpose. For
a whole fortnight I have thought of leaving her. I must away. She has
returned to town, and is at the house of a friend. And then, Albert—yes,
I must go.

SEPTEMBER 10.

Oh, what a night, Wilhelm! I can henceforth bear anything. I shall never
see her again. Oh, why cannot I fall on your neck, and, with floods of
tears and raptures, give utterance to all the passions which distract my
heart! Here I sit gasping for breath, and struggling to compose myself. I
wait for day, and at sunrise the horses are to be at the door.

And she is sleeping calmly, little suspecting that she has seen me for the
last time. I am free. I have had the courage, in an interview of two
hours’ duration, not to betray my intention. And O Wilhelm, what a
conversation it was!

Albert had promised to come to Charlotte in the garden immediately after
supper. I was upon the terrace under the tall chestnut trees, and watched
the setting sun. I saw him sink for the last time beneath this delightful
valley and silent stream. I had often visited the same spot with
Charlotte, and witnessed that glorious sight; and now—I was walking
up and down the very avenue which was so dear to me. A secret sympathy had
frequently drawn me thither before I knew Charlotte; and we were delighted
when, in our early acquaintance, we discovered that we each loved the same
spot, which is indeed as romantic as any that ever captivated the fancy of
an artist.

From beneath the chestnut trees, there is an extensive view. But I
remember that I have mentioned all this in a former letter, and have
described the tall mass of beech trees at the end, and how the avenue
grows darker and darker as it winds its way among them, till it ends in a
gloomy recess, which has all the charm of a mysterious solitude. I still
remember the strange feeling of melancholy which came over me the first
time I entered that dark retreat, at bright midday. I felt some secret
foreboding that it would, one day, be to me the scene of some happiness or
misery.

I had spent half an hour struggling between the contending thoughts of
going and returning, when I heard them coming up the terrace. I ran to
meet them. I trembled as I took her hand, and kissed it. As we reached the
top of the terrace, the moon rose from behind the wooded hill. We
conversed on many subjects, and, without perceiving it, approached the
gloomy recess. Charlotte entered, and sat down. Albert seated himself
beside her. I did the same, but my agitation did not suffer me to remain
long seated. I got up, and stood before her, then walked backward and
forward, and sat down again. I was restless and miserable. Charlotte drew
our attention to the beautiful effect of the moonlight, which threw a
silver hue over the terrace in front of us, beyond the beech trees. It was
a glorious sight, and was rendered more striking by the darkness which
surrounded the spot where we were. We remained for some time silent, when
Charlotte observed, “Whenever I walk by moonlight, it brings to my
remembrance all my beloved and departed friends, and I am filled with
thoughts of death and futurity. We shall live again, Werther!” she
continued, with a firm but feeling voice; “but shall we know one another
again—what do you think? what do you say?”

“Charlotte,” I said, as I took her hand in mine, and my eyes filled with
tears, “we shall see each other again—here and hereafter we shall
meet again.” I could say no more. Why, Wilhelm, should she put this
question to me, just at the moment when the fear of our cruel separation
filled my heart?

“And oh! do those departed ones know how we are employed here? do they
know when we are well and happy? do they know when we recall their
memories with the fondest love? In the silent hour of evening the shade of
my mother hovers around me; when seated in the midst of my children, I see
them assembled near me, as they used to assemble near her; and then I
raise my anxious eyes to heaven, and wish she could look down upon us, and
witness how I fulfil the promise I made to her in her last moments, to be
a mother to her children. With what emotion do I then exclaim, ‘Pardon,
dearest of mothers, pardon me, if I do not adequately supply your place!
Alas! I do my utmost. They are clothed and fed; and, still better, they
are loved and educated. Could you but see, sweet saint! the peace and
harmony that dwells amongst us, you would glorify God with the warmest
feelings of gratitude, to whom, in your last hour, you addressed such
fervent prayers for our happiness.'” Thus did she express herself; but O
Wilhelm! who can do justice to her language? how can cold and passionless
words convey the heavenly expressions of the spirit? Albert interrupted
her gently. “This affects you too deeply, my dear Charlotte. I know your
soul dwells on such recollections with intense delight; but I implore—”
“O Albert!” she continued, “I am sure you do not forget the evenings when
we three used to sit at the little round table, when papa was absent, and
the little ones had retired. You often had a good book with you, but
seldom read it; the conversation of that noble being was preferable to
everything,—that beautiful, bright, gentle, and yet ever-toiling
woman. God alone knows how I have supplicated with tears on my nightly
couch, that I might be like her.”

I threw myself at her feet, and, seizing her hand, bedewed it with a
thousand tears. “Charlotte!” I exclaimed, “God’s blessing and your
mother’s spirit are upon you.” “Oh! that you had known her,” she said,
with a warm pressure of the hand. “She was worthy of being known to you.”
I thought I should have fainted: never had I received praise so
flattering. She continued, “And yet she was doomed to die in the flower of
her youth, when her youngest child was scarcely six months old. Her
illness was but short, but she was calm and resigned; and it was only for
her children, especially the youngest, that she felt unhappy. When her end
drew nigh, she bade me bring them to her. I obeyed. The younger ones knew
nothing of their approaching loss, while the elder ones were quite
overcome with grief. They stood around the bed; and she raised her feeble
hands to heaven, and prayed over them; then, kissing them in turn, she
dismissed them, and said to me, ‘Be you a mother to them.’ I gave her my
hand. ‘You are promising much, my child,’ she said: ‘a mother’s fondness
and a mother’s care! I have often witnessed, by your tears of gratitude,
that you know what is a mother’s tenderness: show it to your brothers and
sisters, and be dutiful and faithful to your father as a wife; you will be
his comfort.’ She inquired for him. He had retired to conceal his
intolerable anguish,—he was heartbroken, ‘Albert, you were in the
room.’ She heard some one moving: she inquired who it was, and desired you
to approach. She surveyed us both with a look of composure and
satisfaction, expressive of her conviction that we should be happy,—happy
with one another.” Albert fell upon her neck, and kissed her, and
exclaimed, “We are so, and we shall be so!” Even Albert, generally so
tranquil, had quite lost his composure; and I was excited beyond
expression.

“And such a being,” She continued, “was to leave us, Werther! Great God,
must we thus part with everything we hold dear in this world? Nobody felt
this more acutely than the children: they cried and lamented for a long
time afterward, complaining that men had carried away their dear mamma.”

Charlotte rose. It aroused me; but I continued sitting, and held her hand.
“Let us go,” she said: “it grows late.” She attempted to withdraw her
hand: I held it still. “We shall see each other again,” I exclaimed: “we
shall recognise each other under every possible change! I am going,” I
continued, “going willingly; but, should I say for ever, perhaps I may not
keep my word. Adieu, Charlotte; adieu, Albert. We shall meet again.” “Yes:
tomorrow, I think,” she answered with a smile. Tomorrow! how I felt the
word! Ah! she little thought, when she drew her hand away from mine. They
walked down the avenue. I stood gazing after them in the moonlight. I
threw myself upon the ground, and wept: I then sprang up, and ran out upon
the terrace, and saw, under the shade of the linden-trees, her white dress
disappearing near the garden-gate. I stretched out my arms, and she
vanished.

BOOK II.

OCTOBER 20.

We arrived here yesterday. The ambassador is indisposed, and will not go
out for some days. If he were less peevish and morose, all would be well.
I see but too plainly that Heaven has destined me to severe trials; but
courage! a light heart may bear anything. A light heart! I smile to find
such a word proceeding from my pen. A little more lightheartedness would
render me the happiest being under the sun. But must I despair of my
talents and faculties, whilst others of far inferior abilities parade
before me with the utmost self-satisfaction? Gracious Providence, to whom
I owe all my powers, why didst thou not withhold some of those blessings I
possess, and substitute in their place a feeling of self-confidence and
contentment?

But patience! all will yet be well; for I assure you, my dear friend, you
were right: since I have been obliged to associate continually with other
people, and observe what they do, and how they employ themselves, I have
become far better satisfied with myself. For we are so constituted by
nature, that we are ever prone to compare ourselves with others; and our
happiness or misery depends very much on the objects and persons around
us. On this account, nothing is more dangerous than solitude: there our
imagination, always disposed to rise, taking a new flight on the wings of
fancy, pictures to us a chain of beings of whom we seem the most inferior.
All things appear greater than they really are, and all seem superior to
us. This operation of the mind is quite natural: we so continually feel
our own imperfections, and fancy we perceive in others the qualities we do
not possess, attributing to them also all that we enjoy ourselves, that by
this process we form the idea of a perfect, happy man,—a man,
however, who only exists in our own imagination.

But when, in spite of weakness and disappointments, we set to work in
earnest, and persevere steadily, we often find, that, though obliged
continually to tack, we make more way than others who have the assistance
of wind and tide; and, in truth, there can be no greater satisfaction than
to keep pace with others or outstrip them in the race.

November 26.

I begin to find my situation here more tolerable, considering all
circumstances. I find a great advantage in being much occupied; and the
number of persons I meet, and their different pursuits, create a varied
entertainment for me. I have formed the acquaintance of the Count C— and
I esteem him more and more every day. He is a man of strong understanding
and great discernment; but, though he sees farther than other people, he
is not on that account cold in his manner, but capable of inspiring and
returning the warmest affection. He appeared interested in me on one
occasion, when I had to transact some business with him. He perceived, at
the first word, that we understood each other, and that he could converse
with me in a different tone from what he used with others. I cannot
sufficiently esteem his frank and open kindness to me. It is the greatest
and most genuine of pleasures to observe a great mind in sympathy with our
own.

DECEMBER 24.

As I anticipated, the ambassador occasions me infinite annoyance. He is
the most punctilious blockhead under heaven. He does everything step by
step, with the trifling minuteness of an old woman; and he is a man whom
it is impossible to please, because he is never pleased with himself. I
like to do business regularly and cheerfully, and, when it is finished, to
leave it. But he constantly returns my papers to me, saying, “They will
do,” but recommending me to look over them again, as “one may always
improve by using a better word or a more appropriate particle.” I then
lose all patience, and wish myself at the devil’s. Not a conjunction, not
an adverb, must be omitted: he has a deadly antipathy to all those
transpositions of which I am so fond; and, if the music of our periods is
not tuned to the established, official key, he cannot comprehend our
meaning. It is deplorable to be connected with such a fellow.

My acquaintance with the Count C— is the only compensation for such
an evil. He told me frankly, the other day, that he was much displeased
with the difficulties and delays of the ambassador; that people like him
are obstacles, both to themselves and to others. “But,” added he, “one
must submit, like a traveller who has to ascend a mountain: if the
mountain was not there, the road would be both shorter and pleasanter; but
there it is, and he must get over it.”

The old man perceives the count’s partiality for me: this annoys him, and,
he seizes every opportunity to depreciate the count in my hearing. I
naturally defend him, and that only makes matters worse. Yesterday he made
me indignant, for he also alluded to me. “The count,” he said, “is a man
of the world, and a good man of business: his style is good, and he writes
with facility; but, like other geniuses, he has no solid learning.” He
looked at me with an expression that seemed to ask if I felt the blow. But
it did not produce the desired effect: I despise a man who can think and
act in such a manner. However, I made a stand, and answered with not a
little warmth. The count, I said, was a man entitled to respect, alike for
his character and his acquirements. I had never met a person whose mind
was stored with more useful and extensive knowledge,—who had, in
fact, mastered such an infinite variety of subjects, and who yet retained
all his activity for the details of ordinary business. This was altogether
beyond his comprehension; and I took my leave, lest my anger should be too
highly excited by some new absurdity of his.

And you are to blame for all this, you who persuaded me to bend my neck to
this yoke by preaching a life of activity to me. If the man who plants
vegetables, and carries his corn to town on market-days, is not more
usefully employed than I am, then let me work ten years longer at the
galleys to which I am now chained.

Oh, the brilliant wretchedness, the weariness, that one is doomed to
witness among the silly people whom we meet in society here! The ambition
of rank! How they watch, how they toil, to gain precedence! What poor and
contemptible passions are displayed in their utter nakedness! We have a
woman here, for example, who never ceases to entertain the company with
accounts of her family and her estates. Any stranger would consider her a
silly being, whose head was turned by her pretensions to rank and
property; but she is in reality even more ridiculous, the daughter of a
mere magistrate’s clerk from this neighbourhood. I cannot understand how
human beings can so debase themselves.

Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by
ourselves; and I have so much trouble with myself, and my own heart is in
such constant agitation, that I am well content to let others pursue their
own course, if they only allow me the same privilege.

What provokes me most is the unhappy extent to which distinctions of rank
are carried. I know perfectly well how necessary are inequalities of
condition, and I am sensible of the advantages I myself derive therefrom;
but I would not have these institutions prove a barrier to the small
chance of happiness which I may enjoy on this earth.

I have lately become acquainted with a Miss B—, a very agreeable
girl, who has retained her natural manners in the midst of artificial
life. Our first conversation pleased us both equally; and, at taking
leave, I requested permission to visit her. She consented in so obliging a
manner, that I waited with impatience for the arrival of the happy moment.
She is not a native of this place, but resides here with her aunt. The
countenance of the old lady is not prepossessing. I paid her much
attention, addressing the greater part of my conversation to her; and, in
less than half an hour, I discovered what her niece subsequently
acknowledged to me, that her aged aunt, having but a small fortune, and a
still smaller share of understanding, enjoys no satisfaction except in the
pedigree of her ancestors, no protection save in her noble birth, and no
enjoyment but in looking from her castle over the heads of the humble
citizens. She was, no doubt, handsome in her youth, and in her early years
probably trifled away her time in rendering many a poor youth the sport of
her caprice: in her riper years she has submitted to the yoke of a veteran
officer, who, in return for her person and her small independence, has
spent with her what we may designate her age of brass. He is dead; and she
is now a widow, and deserted. She spends her iron age alone, and would not
be approached, except for the loveliness of her niece.

JANUARY 8, 1772.

What beings are men, whose whole thoughts are occupied with form and
ceremony, who for years together devote their mental and physical
exertions to the task of advancing themselves but one step, and
endeavouring to occupy a higher place at the table. Not that such persons
would otherwise want employment: on the contrary, they give themselves
much trouble by neglecting important business for such petty trifles. Last
week a question of precedence arose at a sledging-party, and all our
amusement was spoiled.

The silly creatures cannot see that it is not place which constitutes real
greatness, since the man who occupies the first place but seldom plays the
principal part. How many kings are governed by their ministers—how
many ministers by their secretaries? Who, in such cases, is really the
chief? He, as it seems to me, who can see through the others, and
possesses strength or skill enough to make their power or passions
subservient to the execution of his own designs.

JANUARY 20.

I must write to you from this place, my dear Charlotte, from a small room
in a country inn, where I have taken shelter from a severe storm. During
my whole residence in that wretched place D—, where I lived amongst
strangers,—strangers, indeed, to this heart,—I never at any
time felt the smallest inclination to correspond with you; but in this
cottage, in this retirement, in this solitude, with the snow and hail
beating against my lattice-pane, you are my first thought. The instant I
entered, your figure rose up before me, and the remembrance! O my
Charlotte, the sacred, tender remembrance! Gracious Heaven! restore to me
the happy moment of our first acquaintance.

Could you but see me, my dear Charlotte, in the whirl of dissipation,—how
my senses are dried up, but my heart is at no time full. I enjoy no single
moment of happiness: all is vain—nothing touches me. I stand, as it
were, before the raree-show: I see the little puppets move, and I ask
whether it is not an optical illusion. I am amused with these puppets, or,
rather, I am myself one of them: but, when I sometimes grasp my
neighbour’s hand, I feel that it is not natural; and I withdraw mine with
a shudder. In the evening I say I will enjoy the next morning’s sunrise,
and yet I remain in bed: in the day I promise to ramble by moonlight; and
I, nevertheless, remain at home. I know not why I rise, nor why I go to
sleep.

The leaven which animated my existence is gone: the charm which cheered me
in the gloom of night, and aroused me from my morning slumbers, is for
ever fled.

I have found but one being here to interest me, a Miss B—. She
resembles you, my dear Charlotte, if any one can possibly resemble you.
“Ah!” you will say, “he has learned how to pay fine compliments.” And this
is partly true. I have been very agreeable lately, as it was not in my
power to be otherwise. I have, moreover, a deal of wit: and the ladies say
that no one understands flattery better, or falsehoods you will add; since
the one accomplishment invariably accompanies the other. But I must tell
you of Miss B—. She has abundance of soul, which flashes from her
deep blue eyes. Her rank is a torment to her, and satisfies no one desire
of her heart. She would gladly retire from this whirl of fashion, and we
often picture to ourselves a life of undisturbed happiness in distant
scenes of rural retirement: and then we speak of you, my dear Charlotte;
for she knows you, and renders homage to your merits; but her homage is
not exacted, but voluntary, she loves you, and delights to hear you made
the subject of conversation.

Oh, that I were sitting at your feet in your favourite little room, with
the dear children playing around us! If they became troublesome to you, I
would tell them some appalling goblin story; and they would crowd round me
with silent attention. The sun is setting in glory; his last rays are
shining on the snow, which covers the face of the country: the storm is
over, and I must return to my dungeon. Adieu!—Is Albert with you?
and what is he to you? God forgive the question.

FEBRUARY 8.

For a week past we have had the most wretched weather: but this to me is a
blessing; for, during my residence here, not a single fine day has beamed
from the heavens, but has been lost to me by the intrusion of somebody.
During the severity of rain, sleet, frost, and storm, I congratulate
myself that it cannot be worse indoors than abroad, nor worse abroad than
it is within doors; and so I become reconciled. When the sun rises bright
in the morning, and promises a glorious day, I never omit to exclaim,
“There, now, they have another blessing from Heaven, which they will be
sure to destroy: they spoil everything,—health, fame, happiness,
amusement; and they do this generally through folly, ignorance, or
imbecility, and always, according to their own account, with the best
intentions!” I could often beseech them, on my bended knees, to be less
resolved upon their own destruction.

FEBRUARY 17.

I fear that my ambassador and I shall not continue much longer together.
He is really growing past endurance. He transacts his business in so
ridiculous a manner, that I am often compelled to contradict him, and do
things my own way; and then, of course, he thinks them very ill done. He
complained of me lately on this account at court; and the minister gave me
a reprimand,—a gentle one it is true, but still a reprimand. In
consequence of this, I was about to tender my resignation, when I received
a letter, to which I submitted with great respect, on account of the high,
noble, and generous spirit which dictated it. He endeavoured to soothe my
excessive sensibility, paid a tribute to my extreme ideas of duty, of good
example, and of perseverance in business, as the fruit of my youthful
ardour, an impulse which he did not seek to destroy, but only to moderate,
that it might have proper play and be productive of good. So now I am at
rest for another week, and no longer at variance with myself. Content and
peace of mind are valuable things: I could wish, my dear friend, that
these precious jewels were less transitory.

FEBRUARY 20.

God bless you, my dear friends, and may he grant you that happiness which
he denies to me!

I thank you, Albert, for having deceived me. I waited for the news that
your wedding-day was fixed; and I intended on that day, with solemnity, to
take down Charlotte’s profile from the wall, and to bury it with some
other papers I possess. You are now united, and her picture still remains
here. Well, let it remain! Why should it not? I know that I am still one
of your society, that I still occupy a place uninjured in Charlotte’s
heart, that I hold the second place therein; and I intend to keep it. Oh,
I should become mad if she could forget! Albert, that thought is hell!
Farewell, Albert farewell, angel of heaven farewell, Charlotte!

MARCH 15.

I have just had a sad adventure, which will drive me away from here. I
lose all patience!—Death!—It is not to be remedied; and you
alone are to blame, for you urged and impelled me to fill a post for which
I was by no means suited. I have now reason to be satisfied, and so have
you! But, that you may not again attribute this fatality to my impetuous
temper, I send you, my dear sir, a plain and simple narration of the
affair, as a mere chronicler of facts would describe it.

The Count of O— likes and distinguishes me. It is well known, and I
have mentioned this to you a hundred times. Yesterday I dined with him. It
is the day on which the nobility are accustomed to assemble at his house
in the evening. I never once thought of the assembly, nor that we
subalterns did not belong to such society. Well, I dined with the count;
and, after dinner, we adjourned to the large hall. We walked up and down
together: and I conversed with him, and with Colonel B—, who joined
us; and in this manner the hour for the assembly approached. God knows, I
was thinking of nothing, when who should enter but the honourable Lady
accompanied by her noble husband and their silly, scheming daughter, with
her small waist and flat neck; and, with disdainful looks and a haughty
air they passed me by. As I heartily detest the whole race, I determined
upon going away; and only waited till the count had disengaged himself
from their impertinent prattle, to take leave, when the agreeable Miss B— came
in. As I never meet her without experiencing a heartfelt pleasure, I
stayed and talked to her, leaning over the back of her chair, and did not
perceive, till after some time, that she seemed a little confused, and
ceased to answer me with her usual ease of manner. I was struck with it.
“Heavens!” I said to myself, “can she, too, be like the rest?” I felt
annoyed, and was about to withdraw; but I remained, notwithstanding,
forming excuses for her conduct, fancying she did not mean it, and still
hoping to receive some friendly recognition. The rest of the company now
arrived. There was the Baron F—, in an entire suit that dated from
the coronation of Francis I.; the Chancellor N—, with his deaf wife;
the shabbily-dressed I—, whose old-fashioned coat bore evidence of
modern repairs: this crowned the whole. I conversed with some of my
acquaintances, but they answered me laconically. I was engaged in
observing Miss B—, and did not notice that the women were whispering
at the end of the room, that the murmur extended by degrees to the men,
that Madame S— addressed the count with much warmth (this was all
related to me subsequently by Miss B—); till at length the count
came up to me, and took me to the window. “You know our ridiculous
customs,” he said. “I perceive the company is rather displeased at your
being here. I would not on any account—” “I beg your excellency’s
pardon!” I exclaimed. “I ought to have thought of this before, but I know
you will forgive this little inattention. I was going,” I added, “some
time ago, but my evil genius detained me.” And I smiled and bowed, to take
my leave. He shook me by the hand, in a manner which expressed everything.
I hastened at once from the illustrious assembly, sprang into a carriage,
and drove to M—. I contemplated the setting sun from the top of the
hill, and read that beautiful passage in Homer, where Ulysses is
entertained by the hospitable herdsmen. This was indeed delightful.

I returned home to supper in the evening. But few persons were assembled
in the room. They had turned up a corner of the table-cloth, and were
playing at dice. The good-natured A— came in. He laid down his hat
when he saw me, approached me, and said in a low tone, “You have met with
a disagreeable adventure.” “I!” I exclaimed. “The count obliged you to
withdraw from the assembly!” “Deuce take the assembly!” said I. “I was
very glad to be gone.” “I am delighted,” he added, “that you take it so
lightly. I am only sorry that it is already so much spoken of.” The
circumstance then began to pain me. I fancied that every one who sat down,
and even looked at me, was thinking of this incident; and my heart became
embittered.

And now I could plunge a dagger into my bosom, when I hear myself
everywhere pitied, and observe the triumph of my enemies, who say that
this is always the case with vain persons, whose heads are turned with
conceit, who affect to despise forms and such petty, idle nonsense.

Say what you will of fortitude, but show me the man who can patiently
endure the laughter of fools, when they have obtained an advantage over
him. ‘Tis only when their nonsense is without foundation that one can
suffer it without complaint.

March 16.

Everything conspires against me. I met Miss B— walking to-day. I
could not help joining her; and, when we were at a little distance from
her companions, I expressed my sense of her altered manner toward me. “O
Werther!” she said, in a tone of emotion, “you, who know my heart, how
could you so ill interpret my distress? What did I not suffer for you,
from the moment you entered the room! I foresaw it all, a hundred times
was I on the point of mentioning it to you. I knew that the S——s
and T——s, with their husbands, would quit the room, rather
than remain in your company. I knew that the count would not break with
them: and now so much is said about it.” “How!” I exclaimed, and
endeavoured to conceal my emotion; for all that Adelin had mentioned to me
yesterday recurred to me painfully at that moment. “Oh, how much it has
already cost me!” said this amiable girl, while her eyes filled with
tears. I could scarcely contain myself, and was ready to throw myself at
her feet. “Explain yourself!” I cried. Tears flowed down her cheeks. I
became quite frantic. She wiped them away, without attempting to conceal
them. “You know my aunt,” she continued; “she was present: and in what
light does she consider the affair! Last night, and this morning, Werther,
I was compelled to listen to a lecture upon my acquaintance with you. I
have been obliged to hear you condemned and depreciated; and I could not—I
dared not—say much in your defence.”

Every word she uttered was a dagger to my heart. She did not feel what a
mercy it would have been to conceal everything from me. She told me, in
addition, all the impertinence that would be further circulated, and how
the malicious would triumph; how they would rejoice over the punishment of
my pride, over my humiliation for that want of esteem for others with
which I had often been reproached. To hear all this, Wilhelm, uttered by
her in a voice of the most sincere sympathy, awakened all my passions; and
I am still in a state of extreme excitement. I wish I could find a man to
jeer me about this event. I would sacrifice him to my resentment. The
sight of his blood might possibly be a relief to my fury. A hundred times
have I seized a dagger, to give ease to this oppressed heart. Naturalists
tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively open a vein with their
teeth, when heated and exhausted by a long course, in order to breathe
more freely. I am often tempted to open a vein, to procure for myself
everlasting liberty.

MARCH 24.

I have tendered my resignation to the court. I hope it will be accepted,
and you will forgive me for not having previously consulted you. It is
necessary I should leave this place. I know all you will urge me to stay,
and therefore I beg you will soften this news to my mother. I am unable to
do anything for myself: how, then, should I be competent to assist others?
It will afflict her that I should have interrupted that career which would
have made me first a privy councillor, and then minister, and that I
should look behind me, in place of advancing. Argue as you will, combine
all the reasons which should have induced me to remain, I am going: that
is sufficient. But, that you may not be ignorant of my destination, I may
mention that the Prince of —— is here. He is much pleased with my
company; and, having heard of my intention to resign, he has invited me to
his country house, to pass the spring months with him. I shall be left
completely my own master; and, as we agree on all subjects but one, I
shall try my fortune, and accompany him.

APRIL 19.

Thanks for both your letters. I delayed my reply, and withheld this
letter, till I should obtain an answer from the court. I feared my mother
might apply to the minister to defeat my purpose. But my request is
granted, my resignation is accepted. I shall not recount with what
reluctance it was accorded, nor relate what the minister has written: you
would only renew your lamentations. The crown prince has sent me a present
of five and twenty ducats; and, indeed, such goodness has affected me to
tears. For this reason I shall not require from my mother the money for
which I lately applied.

MAY 5.

I leave this place to-morrow; and, as my native place is only six miles
from the high road, I intend to visit it once more, and recall the happy
dreams of my childhood. I shall enter at the same gate through which I
came with my mother, when, after my father’s death, she left that
delightful retreat to immure herself in your melancholy town. Adieu, my
dear friend: you shall hear of my future career.

MAY 9.

I have paid my visit to my native place with all the devotion of a
pilgrim, and have experienced many unexpected emotions. Near the great elm
tree, which is a quarter of a league from the village, I got out of the
carriage, and sent it on before, that alone, and on foot, I might enjoy
vividly and heartily all the pleasure of my recollections. I stood there
under that same elm which was formerly the term and object of my walks.
How things have since changed! Then, in happy ignorance, I sighed for a
world I did not know, where I hoped to find every pleasure and enjoyment
which my heart could desire; and now, on my return from that wide world, O
my friend, how many disappointed hopes and unsuccessful plans have I
brought back!

As I contemplated the mountains which lay stretched out before me, I
thought how often they had been the object of my dearest desires. Here
used I to sit for hours together with my eyes bent upon them, ardently
longing to wander in the shade of those woods, to lose myself in those
valleys, which form so delightful an object in the distance. With what
reluctance did I leave this charming spot; when my hour of recreation was
over, and my leave of absence expired! I drew near to the village: all the
well-known old summerhouses and gardens were recognised again; I disliked
the new ones, and all other alterations which had taken place. I entered
the village, and all my former feelings returned. I cannot, my dear
friend, enter into details, charming as were my sensations: they would be
dull in the narration. I had intended to lodge in the market-place, near
our old house. As soon as I entered, I perceived that the schoolroom,
where our childhood had been taught by that good old woman, was converted
into a shop. I called to mind the sorrow, the heaviness, the tears, and
oppression of heart, which I experienced in that confinement. Every step
produced some particular impression. A pilgrim in the Holy Land does not
meet so many spots pregnant with tender recollections, and his soul is
hardly moved with greater devotion. One incident will serve for
illustration. I followed the course of a stream to a farm, formerly a
delightful walk of mine, and paused at the spot, where, when boys, we used
to amuse ourselves making ducks and drakes upon the water. I recollected
so well how I used formerly to watch the course of that same stream,
following it with inquiring eagerness, forming romantic ideas of the
countries it was to pass through; but my imagination was soon exhausted:
while the water continued flowing farther and farther on, till my fancy
became bewildered by the contemplation of an invisible distance. Exactly
such, my dear friend, so happy and so confined, were the thoughts of our
good ancestors. Their feelings and their poetry were fresh as childhood.
And, when Ulysses talks of the immeasurable sea and boundless earth, his
epithets are true, natural, deeply felt, and mysterious. Of what
importance is it that I have learned, with every schoolboy, that the world
is round? Man needs but little earth for enjoyment, and still less for his
final repose.

I am at present with the prince at his hunting lodge. He is a man with
whom one can live happily. He is honest and unaffected. There are,
however, some strange characters about him, whom I cannot at all
understand. They do not seem vicious, and yet they do not carry the
appearance of thoroughly honest men. Sometimes I am disposed to believe
them honest, and yet I cannot persuade myself to confide in them. It
grieves me to hear the prince occasionally talk of things which he has
only read or heard of, and always with the same view in which they have
been represented by others.

He values my understanding and talents more highly than my heart, but I am
proud of the latter only. It is the sole source of everything of our
strength, happiness, and misery. All the knowledge I possess every one
else can acquire, but my heart is exclusively my own.

MAY 25.

I have had a plan in my head of which I did not intend to speak to you
until it was accomplished: now that it has failed, I may as well mention
it. I wished to enter the army, and had long been desirous of taking the
step. This, indeed, was the chief reason for my coming here with the
prince, as he is a general in the service. I communicated my design to him
during one of our walks together. He disapproved of it, and it would have
been actual madness not to have listened to his reasons.

JUNE 11.

Say what you will, I can remain here no longer. Why should I remain? Time
hangs heavy upon my hands. The prince is as gracious to me as any one
could be, and yet I am not at my ease. There is, indeed, nothing in common
between us. He is a man of understanding, but quite of the ordinary kind.
His conversation affords me no more amusement than I should derive from
the perusal of a well-written book. I shall remain here a week longer, and
then start again on my travels. My drawings are the best things I have
done since I came here. The prince has a taste for the arts, and would
improve if his mind were not fettered by cold rules and mere technical
ideas. I often lose patience, when, with a glowing imagination, I am
giving expression to art and nature, he interferes with learned
suggestions, and uses at random the technical phraseology of artists.

JULY 16.

Once more I am a wanderer, a pilgrim, through the world. But what else are
you!

JULY 18.

Whither am I going? I will tell you in confidence. I am obliged to
continue a fortnight longer here, and then I think it would be better for
me to visit the mines in—. But I am only deluding myself thus. The
fact is, I wish to be near Charlotte again, that is all. I smile at the
suggestions of my heart, and obey its dictates.

JULY 29.

No, no! it is yet well all is well! I her husband! O God, who gave me
being, if thou hadst destined this happiness for me, my whole life would
have been one continual thanksgiving! But I will not murmur—forgive
these tears, forgive these fruitless wishes. She—my wife! Oh, the
very thought of folding that dearest of Heaven’s creatures in my arms!
Dear Wilhelm, my whole frame feels convulsed when I see Albert put his
arms around her slender waist!

And shall I avow it? Why should I not, Wilhelm? She would have been
happier with me than with him. Albert is not the man to satisfy the wishes
of such a heart. He wants a certain sensibility; he wants—in short,
their hearts do not beat in unison. How often, my dear friend, I’m reading
a passage from some interesting book, when my heart and Charlotte’s seemed
to meet, and in a hundred other instances when our sentiments were
unfolded by the story of some fictitious character, have I felt that we
were made for each other! But, dear Wilhelm, he loves her with his whole
soul; and what does not such a love deserve?

I have been interrupted by an insufferable visit. I have dried my tears,
and composed my thoughts. Adieu, my best friend!

AUGUST 4.

I am not alone unfortunate. All men are disappointed in their hopes, and
deceived in their expectations. I have paid a visit to my good old woman
under the lime-trees. The eldest boy ran out to meet me: his exclamation
of joy brought out his mother, but she had a very melancholy look. Her
first word was, “Alas! dear sir, my little John is dead.” He was the
youngest of her children. I was silent. “And my husband has returned from
Switzerland without any money; and, if some kind people had not assisted
him, he must have begged his way home. He was taken ill with fever on his
journey.” I could answer nothing, but made the little one a present. She
invited me to take some fruit: I complied, and left the place with a
sorrowful heart.

AUGUST 21.

My sensations are constantly changing. Sometimes a happy prospect opens
before me; but alas! it is only for a moment; and then, when I am lost in
reverie, I cannot help saying to myself, “If Albert were to die?—Yes,
she would become—and I should be”—and so I pursue a chimera,
till it leads me to the edge of a precipice at which I shudder.

When I pass through the same gate, and walk along the same road which
first conducted me to Charlotte, my heart sinks within me at the change
that has since taken place. All, all, is altered! No sentiment, no
pulsation of my heart, is the same. My sensations are such as would occur
to some departed prince whose spirit should return to visit the superb
palace which he had built in happy times, adorned with costly
magnificence, and left to a beloved son, but whose glory he should find
departed, and its halls deserted and in ruins.

SEPTEMBER 3.

I sometimes cannot understand how she can love another, how she dares love
another, when I love nothing in this world so completely, so devotedly, as
I love her, when I know only her, and have no other possession.

SEPTEMBER 4.

It is even so! As nature puts on her autumn tints it becomes autumn with
me and around me. My leaves are sere and yellow, and the neighbouring
trees are divested of their foliage. Do you remember my writing to you
about a peasant boy shortly after my arrival here? I have just made
inquiries about him in Walheim. They say he has been dismissed from his
service, and is now avoided by every one. I met him yesterday on the road,
going to a neighbouring village. I spoke to him, and he told me his story.
It interested me exceedingly, as you will easily understand when I repeat
it to you. But why should I trouble you? Why should I not reserve all my
sorrow for myself? Why should I continue to give you occasion to pity and
blame me? But no matter: this also is part of my destiny.

At first the peasant lad answered my inquiries with a sort of subdued
melancholy, which seemed to me the mark of a timid disposition; but, as we
grew to understand each other, he spoke with less reserve, and openly
confessed his faults, and lamented his misfortune. I wish, my dear friend,
I could give proper expression to his language. He told me with a sort of
pleasurable recollection, that, after my departure, his passion for his
mistress increased daily, until at last he neither knew what he did nor
what he said, nor what was to become of him. He could neither eat nor
drink nor sleep: he felt a sense of suffocation; he disobeyed all orders,
and forgot all commands involuntarily; he seemed as if pursued by an evil
spirit, till one day, knowing that his mistress had gone to an upper
chamber, he had followed, or, rather, been drawn after her. As she proved
deaf to his entreaties, he had recourse to violence. He knows not what
happened; but he called God to witness that his intentions to her were
honourable, and that he desired nothing more sincerely than that they
should marry, and pass their lives together. When he had come to this
point, he began to hesitate, as if there was something which he had not
courage to utter, till at length he acknowledged with some confusion
certain little confidences she had encouraged, and liberties she had
allowed. He broke off two or three times in his narration, and assured me
most earnestly that he had no wish to make her bad, as he termed it, for
he loved her still as sincerely as ever; that the tale had never before
escaped his lips, and was only now told to convince me that he was not
utterly lost and abandoned. And here, my dear friend, I must commence the
old song which you know I utter eternally. If I could only represent the
man as he stood, and stands now before me, could I only give his true
expressions, you would feel compelled to sympathise in his fate. But
enough: you, who know my misfortune and my disposition, can easily
comprehend the attraction which draws me toward every unfortunate being,
but particularly toward him whose story I have recounted.

On perusing this letter a second time, I find I have omitted the
conclusion of my tale; but it is easily supplied. She became reserved
toward him, at the instigation of her brother who had long hated him, and
desired his expulsion from the house, fearing that his sister’s second
marriage might deprive his children of the handsome fortune they expected
from her; as she is childless. He was dismissed at length; and the whole
affair occasioned so much scandal, that the mistress dared not take him
back, even if she had wished it. She has since hired another servant, with
whom, they say, her brother is equally displeased, and whom she is likely
to marry; but my informant assures me that he himself is determined not to
survive such a catastrophe.

This story is neither exaggerated nor embellished: indeed, I have weakened
and impaired it in the narration, by the necessity of using the more
refined expressions of society.

This love, then, this constancy, this passion, is no poetical fiction. It
is actual, and dwells in its greatest purity amongst that class of mankind
whom we term rude, uneducated. We are the educated, not the perverted. But
read this story with attention, I implore you. I am tranquil to-day, for I
have been employed upon this narration: you see by my writing that I am
not so agitated as usual. I read and re-read this tale, Wilhelm: it is the
history of your friend! My fortune has been and will be similar; and I am
neither half so brave nor half so determined as the poor wretch with whom
I hesitate to compare myself.

SEPTEMBER 5.

Charlotte had written a letter to her husband in the country, where he was
detained by business. It commenced, “My dearest love, return as soon as
possible: I await you with a thousand raptures.” A friend who arrived,
brought word, that, for certain reasons, he could not return immediately.
Charlotte’s letter was not forwarded, and the same evening it fell into my
hands. I read it, and smiled. She asked the reason. “What a heavenly
treasure is imagination:” I exclaimed; “I fancied for a moment that this
was written to me.” She paused, and seemed displeased. I was silent.

SEPTEMBER 6.

It cost me much to part with the blue coat which I wore the first time I
danced with Charlotte. But I could not possibly wear it any longer. But I
have ordered a new one, precisely similar, even to the collar and sleeves,
as well as a new waistcoat and pantaloons.

But it does not produce the same effect upon me. I know not how it is, but
I hope in time I shall like it better.

SEPTEMBER 12.

She has been absent for some days. She went to meet Albert. To-day I
visited her: she rose to receive me, and I kissed her hand most tenderly.

A canary at the moment flew from a mirror, and settled upon her shoulder.
“Here is a new friend,” she observed, while she made him perch upon her
hand: “he is a present for the children. What a dear he is! Look at him!
When I feed him, he flutters with his wings, and pecks so nicely. He
kisses me, too, only look!”

She held the bird to her mouth; and he pressed her sweet lips with so much
fervour that he seemed to feel the excess of bliss which he enjoyed.

“He shall kiss you too,” she added; and then she held the bird toward me.
His little beak moved from her mouth to mine, and the delightful sensation
seemed like the forerunner of the sweetest bliss.

“A kiss,” I observed, “does not seem to satisfy him: he wishes for food,
and seems disappointed by these unsatisfactory endearments.”

“But he eats out of my mouth,” she continued, and extended her lips to him
containing seed; and she smiled with all the charm of a being who has
allowed an innocent participation of her love.

I turned my face away. She should not act thus. She ought not to excite my
imagination with such displays of heavenly innocence and happiness, nor
awaken my heart from its slumbers, in which it dreams of the worthlessness
of life! And why not? Because she knows how much I love her.

SEPTEMBER 15.

It makes me wretched, Wilhelm, to think that there should be men incapable
of appreciating the few things which possess a real value in life. You
remember the walnut trees at S—, under which I used to sit with
Charlotte, during my visits to the worthy old vicar. Those glorious trees,
the very sight of which has so often filled my heart with joy, how they
adorned and refreshed the parsonage yard, with their wide-extended
branches! and how pleasing was our remembrance of the good old pastor, by
whose hands they were planted so many years ago: The schoolmaster has
frequently mentioned his name. He had it from his grandfather. He must
have been a most excellent man; and, under the shade of those old trees,
his memory was ever venerated by me. The schoolmaster informed us
yesterday, with tears in his eyes, that those trees had been felled. Yes,
cut to the ground! I could, in my wrath, have slain the monster who struck
the first stroke. And I must endure this!—I, who, if I had had two
such trees in my own court, and one had died from old age, should have
wept with real affliction. But there is some comfort left, such a thing is
sentiment, the whole village murmurs at the misfortune; and I hope the
vicar’s wife will soon find, by the cessation of the villagers’ presents,
how much she has wounded the feelings of the neighborhhood. It was she who
did it, the wife of the present incumbent (our good old man is dead), a
tall, sickly creature who is so far right to disregard the world, as the
world totally disregards her. The silly being affects to be learned,
pretends to examine the canonical books, lends her aid toward the
new-fashioned reformation of Christendom, moral and critical, and shrugs
up her shoulders at the mention of Lavater’s enthusiasm. Her health is
destroyed, on account of which she is prevented from having any enjoyment
here below. Only such a creature could have cut down my walnut trees! I
can never pardon it. Hear her reasons. The falling leaves made the court
wet and dirty; the branches obstructed the light; boys threw stones at the
nuts when they were ripe, and the noise affected her nerves; and disturbed
her profound meditations, when she was weighing the difficulties of
Kennicot, Semler, and Michaelis. Finding that all the parish, particularly
the old people, were displeased, I asked “why they allowed it?” “Ah, sir!”
they replied, “when the steward orders, what can we poor peasants do?” But
one thing has happened well. The steward and the vicar (who, for once,
thought to reap some advantage from the caprices of his wife) intended to
divide the trees between them. The revenue-office, being informed of it,
revived an old claim to the ground where the trees had stood, and sold
them to the best bidder. There they still lie on the ground. If I were the
sovereign, I should know how to deal with them all, vicar, steward, and
revenue-office. Sovereign, did I say? I should, in that case, care little
about the trees that grew in the country.

OCTOBER 10.

Only to gaze upon her dark eyes is to me a source of happiness! And what
grieves me, is, that Albert does not seem so happy as he—hoped to be—as
I should have been—if—I am no friend to these pauses, but here
I cannot express it otherwise; and probably I am explicit enough.

OCTOBER 12.

Ossian has superseded Homer in my heart. To what a world does the
illustrious bard carry me! To wander over pathless wilds, surrounded by
impetuous whirlwinds, where, by the feeble light of the moon, we see the
spirits of our ancestors; to hear from the mountain-tops, mid the roar of
torrents, their plaintive sounds issuing from deep caverns, and the
sorrowful lamentations of a maiden who sighs and expires on the mossy tomb
of the warrior by whom she was adored. I meet this bard with silver hair;
he wanders in the valley; he seeks the footsteps of his fathers, and,
alas! he finds only their tombs. Then, contemplating the pale moon, as she
sinks beneath the waves of the rolling sea, the memory of bygone days
strikes the mind of the hero, days when approaching danger invigorated the
brave, and the moon shone upon his bark laden with spoils, and returning
in triumph. When I read in his countenance deep sorrow, when I see his
dying glory sink exhausted into the grave, as he inhales new and
heart-thrilling delight from his approaching union with his beloved, and
he casts a look on the cold earth and the tall grass which is so soon to
cover him, and then exclaims, “The traveller will come,—he will come
who has seen my beauty, and he will ask, ‘Where is the bard, where is the
illustrious son of Fingal?’ He will walk over my tomb, and will seek me in
vain!” Then, O my friend, I could instantly, like a true and noble knight,
draw my sword, and deliver my prince from the long and painful languor of
a living death, and dismiss my own soul to follow the demigod whom my hand
had set free!

OCTOBER 19.

Alas! the void the fearful void, which I feel in my bosom! Sometimes I
think, if I could only once but once, press her to my heart, this dreadful
void would be filled.

OCTOBER 26.

Yes, I feel certain, Wilhelm, and every day I become more certain, that
the existence of any being whatever is of very little consequence. A
friend of Charlotte’s called to see her just now. I withdrew into a
neighbouring apartment, and took up a book; but, finding I could not read,
I sat down to write. I heard them converse in an undertone: they spoke
upon indifferent topics, and retailed the news of the town. One was going
to be married; another was ill, very ill, she had a dry cough, her face
was growing thinner daily, and she had occasional fits. “N— is very
unwell too,” said Charlotte. “His limbs begin to swell already,” answered
the other; and my lively imagination carried me at once to the beds of the
infirm. There I see them struggling against death, with all the agonies of
pain and horror; and these women, Wilhelm, talk of all this with as much
indifference as one would mention the death of a stranger. And when I look
around the apartment where I now am—when I see Charlotte’s apparel
lying before me, and Albert’s writings, and all those articles of
furniture which are so familiar to me, even to the very inkstand which I
am using,—when I think what I am to this family—everything. My
friends esteem me; I often contribute to their happiness, and my heart
seems as if it could not beat without them; and yet—-if I were to
die, if I were to be summoned from the midst of this circle, would they
feel—or how long would they feel the void which my loss would make
in their existence? How long! Yes, such is the frailty of man, that even
there, where he has the greatest consciousness of his own being, where he
makes the strongest and most forcible impression, even in the memory, in
the heart, of his beloved, there also he must perish,—vanish,—and
that quickly.

OCTOBER 27.

I could tear open my bosom with vexation to think how little we are
capable of influencing the feelings of each other. No one can communicate
to me those sensations of love, joy, rapture, and delight which I do not
naturally possess; and, though my heart may glow with the most lively
affection, I cannot make the happiness of one in whom the same warmth is
not inherent.

OCTOBER 27: Evening.

I possess so much, but my love for her absorbs it all. I possess so much,
but without her I have nothing.

OCTOBER 30.

One hundred times have I been on the point of embracing her. Heavens! what
a torment it is to see so much loveliness passing and repassing before us,
and yet not dare to lay hold of it! And laying hold is the most natural of
human instincts. Do not children touch everything they see? And I!

NOVEMBER 3.

Witness, Heaven, how often I lie down in my bed with a wish, and even a
hope, that I may never awaken again. And in the morning, when I open my
eyes, I behold the sun once more, and am wretched. If I were whimsical, I
might blame the weather, or an acquaintance, or some personal
disappointment, for my discontented mind; and then this insupportable load
of trouble would not rest entirely upon myself. But, alas! I feel it too
sadly. I am alone the cause of my own woe, am I not? Truly, my own bosom
contains the source of all my sorrow, as it previously contained the
source of all my pleasure. Am I not the same being who once enjoyed an
excess of happiness, who, at every step, saw paradise open before him, and
whose heart was ever expanded toward the whole world? And this heart is
now dead, no sentiment can revive it; my eyes are dry; and my senses, no
more refreshed by the influence of soft tears, wither and consume my
brain. I suffer much, for I have lost the only charm of life: that active,
sacred power which created worlds around me,—it is no more. When I
look from my window at the distant hills, and behold the morning sun
breaking through the mists, and illuminating the country around, which is
still wrapped in silence, whilst the soft stream winds gently through the
willows, which have shed their leaves; when glorious nature displays all
her beauties before me, and her wondrous prospects are ineffectual to
extract one tear of joy from my withered heart, I feel that in such a
moment I stand like a reprobate before heaven, hardened, insensible, and
unmoved. Oftentimes do I then bend my knee to the earth, and implore God
for the blessing of tears, as the desponding labourer in some scorching
climate prays for the dews of heaven to moisten his parched corn.

But I feel that God does not grant sunshine or rain to our importunate
entreaties. And oh, those bygone days, whose memory now torments me! why
were they so fortunate? Because I then waited with patience for the
blessings of the Eternal, and received his gifts with the grateful
feelings of a thankful heart.

NOVEMBER 8.

Charlotte has reproved me for my excesses, with so much tenderness and
goodness! I have lately been in the habit of drinking more wine than
heretofore. “Don’t do it,” she said. “Think of Charlotte!” “Think of you!”
I answered; “need you bid me do so? Think of you—I do not think of
you: you are ever before my soul! This very morning I sat on the spot
where, a few days ago, you descended from the carriage, and—” She
immediately changed the subject to prevent me from pursuing it farther. My
dear friend, my energies are all prostrated: she can do with me what she
pleases.

NOVEMBER 15.

I thank you, Wilhelm, for your cordial sympathy, for your excellent
advice; and I implore you to be quiet. Leave me to my sufferings. In spite
of my wretchedness, I have still strength enough for endurance. I revere
religion—you know I do. I feel that it can impart strength to the
feeble and comfort to the afflicted, but does it affect all men equally?
Consider this vast universe: you will see thousands for whom it has never
existed, thousands for whom it will never exist, whether it be preached to
them, or not; and must it, then, necessarily exist for me? Does not the
Son of God himself say that they are his whom the Father has given to him?
Have I been given to him? What if the Father will retain me for himself,
as my heart sometimes suggests? I pray you, do not misinterpret this. Do
not extract derision from my harmless words. I pour out my whole soul
before you. Silence were otherwise preferable to me, but I need not shrink
from a subject of which few know more than I do myself. What is the
destiny of man, but to fill up the measure of his sufferings, and to drink
his allotted cup of bitterness? And if that same cup proved bitter to the
God of heaven, under a human form, why should I affect a foolish pride,
and call it sweet? Why should I be ashamed of shrinking at that fearful
moment, when my whole being will tremble between existence and
annihilation, when a remembrance of the past, like a flash of lightning,
will illuminate the dark gulf of futurity, when everything shall dissolve
around me, and the whole world vanish away? Is not this the voice of a
creature oppressed beyond all resource, self-deficient, about to plunge
into inevitable destruction, and groaning deeply at its inadequate
strength, “My God! my God! why hast thou forsaken me?” And should I feel
ashamed to utter the same expression? Should I not shudder at a prospect
which had its fears, even for him who folds up the heavens like a garment?

NOVEMBER 21.

She does not feel, she does not know, that she is preparing a poison which
will destroy us both; and I drink deeply of the draught which is to prove
my destruction. What mean those looks of kindness with which she often—often?
no, not often, but sometimes, regards me, that complacency with which she
hears the involuntary sentiments which frequently escape me, and the
tender pity for my sufferings which appears in her countenance?

Yesterday, when I took leave she seized me by the hand, and said, “Adieu,
dear Werther.” Dear Werther! It was the first time she ever called me
dear: the sound sunk deep into my heart. I have repeated it a hundred
times; and last night, on going to bed, and talking to myself of various
things, I suddenly said, “Good night, dear Werther!” and then could not
but laugh at myself.

NOVEMBER 22

I cannot pray, “Leave her to me!” and yet she often seems to belong to me.
I cannot pray, “Give her to me!” for she is another’s. In this way I
affect mirth over my troubles; and, if I had time, I could compose a whole
litany of antitheses.

NOVEMBER 24.

She is sensible of my sufferings. This morning her look pierced my very
soul. I found her alone, and she was silent: she steadfastly surveyed me.
I no longer saw in her face the charms of beauty or the fire of genius:
these had disappeared. But I was affected by an expression much more
touching, a look of the deepest sympathy and of the softest pity. Why was
I afraid to throw myself at her feet? Why did I not dare to take her in my
arms, and answer her by a thousand kisses? She had recourse to her piano
for relief, and in a low and sweet voice accompanied the music with
delicious sounds. Her lips never appeared so lovely: they seemed but just
to open, that they might imbibe the sweet tones which issued from the
instrument, and return the heavenly vibration from her lovely mouth. Oh!
who can express my sensations? I was quite overcome, and, bending down,
pronounced this vow: “Beautiful lips, which the angels guard, never will I
seek to profane your purity with a kiss.” And yet, my friend, oh, I wish—but
my heart is darkened by doubt and indecision—could I but taste
felicity, and then die to expiate the sin! What sin?

NOVEMBER 26.

Oftentimes I say to myself, “Thou alone art wretched: all other mortals
are happy, none are distressed like thee!” Then I read a passage in an
ancient poet, and I seem to understand my own heart. I have so much to
endure! Have men before me ever been so wretched?

NOVEMBER 30.

I shall never be myself again! Wherever I go, some fatality occurs to
distract me. Even to-day alas—for our destiny! alas for human
nature!

About dinner-time I went to walk by the river-side, for I had no appetite.
Everything around seemed gloomy: a cold and damp easterly wind blew from
the mountains, and black, heavy clouds spread over the plain. I observed
at a distance a man in a tattered coat: he was wandering among the rocks,
and seemed to be looking for plants. When I approached, he turned round at
the noise; and I saw that he had an interesting countenance in which a
settled melancholy, strongly marked by benevolence, formed the principal
feature. His long black hair was divided, and flowed over his shoulders.
As his garb betokened a person of the lower order, I thought he would not
take it ill if I inquired about his business; and I therefore asked what
he was seeking. He replied, with a deep sigh, that he was looking for
flowers, and could find none. “But it is not the season,” I observed, with
a smile. “Oh, there are so many flowers!” he answered, as he came nearer
to me. “In my garden there are roses and honeysuckles of two sorts: one
sort was given to me by my father! they grow as plentifully as weeds; I
have been looking for them these two days, and cannot find them. There are
flowers out there, yellow, blue, and red; and that centaury has a very
pretty blossom: but I can find none of them.” I observed his peculiarity,
and therefore asked him, with an air of indifference, what he intended to
do with his flowers. A strange smile overspread his countenance. Holding
his finger to his mouth, he expressed a hope that I would not betray him;
and he then informed me that he had promised to gather a nosegay for his
mistress. “That is right,” said I. “Oh!” he replied, “she possesses many
other things as well: she is very rich.” “And yet,” I continued, “she
likes your nosegays.” “Oh, she has jewels and crowns!” he exclaimed. I
asked who she was. “If the states-general would but pay me,” he added, “I
should be quite another man. Alas! there was a time when I was so happy;
but that is past, and I am now—” He raised his swimming eyes to
heaven. “And you were happy once?” I observed. “Ah, would I were so
still!” was his reply. “I was then as gay and contented as a man can be.”
An old woman, who was coming toward us, now called out, “Henry, Henry!
where are you? We have been looking for you everywhere: come to dinner.”
“Is he your son?” I inquired, as I went toward her. “Yes,” she said: “he
is my poor, unfortunate son. The Lord has sent me a heavy affliction.” I
asked whether he had been long in this state. She answered, “He has been
as calm as he is at present for about six months. I thank Heaven that he
has so far recovered: he was for one whole year quite raving, and chained
down in a madhouse. Now he injures no one, but talks of nothing else than
kings and queens. He used to be a very good, quiet youth, and helped to
maintain me; he wrote a very fine hand; but all at once he became
melancholy, was seized with a violent fever, grew distracted, and is now
as you see. If I were only to tell you, sir—” I interrupted her by
asking what period it was in which he boasted of having been so happy.
“Poor boy!” she exclaimed, with a smile of compassion, “he means the time
when he was completely deranged, a time he never ceases to regret, when he
was in the madhouse, and unconscious of everything.” I was thunderstruck:
I placed a piece of money in her hand, and hastened away.

“You were happy!” I exclaimed, as I returned quickly to the town, “‘as gay
and contented as a man can be!'” God of heaven! and is this the destiny of
man? Is he only happy before he has acquired his reason, or after he has
lost it? Unfortunate being! And yet I envy your fate: I envy the delusion
to which you are a victim. You go forth with joy to gather flowers for
your princess,—in winter,—and grieve when you can find none,
and cannot understand why they do not grow. But I wander forth without
joy, without hope, without design; and I return as I came. You fancy what
a man you would be if the states general paid you. Happy mortal, who can
ascribe your wretchedness to an earthly cause! You do not know, you do not
feel, that in your own distracted heart and disordered brain dwells the
source of that unhappiness which all the potentates on earth cannot
relieve.

Let that man die unconsoled who can deride the invalid for undertaking a
journey to distant, healthful springs, where he often finds only a heavier
disease and a more painful death, or who can exult over the despairing
mind of a sinner, who, to obtain peace of conscience and an alleviation of
misery, makes a pilgrimage to the Holy Sepulchre. Each laborious step
which galls his wounded feet in rough and untrodden paths pours a drop of
balm into his troubled soul, and the journey of many a weary day brings a
nightly relief to his anguished heart. Will you dare call this enthusiasm,
ye crowd of pompous declaimers? Enthusiasm! O God! thou seest my tears.
Thou hast allotted us our portion of misery: must we also have brethren to
persecute us, to deprive us of our consolation, of our trust in thee, and
in thy love and mercy? For our trust in the virtue of the healing root, or
in the strength of the vine, what is it else than a belief in thee from
whom all that surrounds us derives its healing and restoring powers?
Father, whom I know not,—who wert once wont to fill my soul, but who
now hidest thy face from me,—call me back to thee; be silent no
longer; thy silence shall not delay a soul which thirsts after thee. What
man, what father, could be angry with a son for returning to him suddenly,
for falling on his neck, and exclaiming, “I am here again, my father!
forgive me if I have anticipated my journey, and returned before the
appointed time! The world is everywhere the same,—a scene of labour
and pain, of pleasure and reward; but what does it all avail? I am happy
only where thou art, and in thy presence am I content to suffer or enjoy.”
And wouldst thou, heavenly Father, banish such a child from thy presence?

DECEMBER 1.

Wilhelm, the man about whom I wrote to you—that man so enviable in
his misfortunes—was secretary to Charlotte’s father; and an unhappy
passion for her which he cherished, concealed, and at length discovered,
caused him to be dismissed from his situation. This made him mad. Think,
whilst you peruse this plain narration, what an impression the
circumstance has made upon me! But it was related to me by Albert with as
much calmness as you will probably peruse it.

DECEMBER 4.

I implore your attention. It is all over with me. I can support this state
no longer. To-day I was sitting by Charlotte. She was playing upon her
piano a succession of delightful melodies, with such intense expression!
Her little sister was dressing her doll upon my lap. The tears came into
my eyes. I leaned down, and looked intently at her wedding-ring: my tears
fell—immediately she began to play that favourite, that divine, air
which has so often enchanted me. I felt comfort from a recollection of the
past, of those bygone days when that air was familiar to me; and then I
recalled all the sorrows and the disappointments which I had since
endured. I paced with hasty strides through the room, my heart became
convulsed with painful emotions. At length I went up to her, and exclaimed
With eagerness, “For Heaven’s sake, play that air no longer!” She stopped,
and looked steadfastly at me. She then said, with a smile which sunk deep
into my heart, “Werther, you are ill: your dearest food is distasteful to
you. But go, I entreat you, and endeavour to compose yourself.” I tore
myself away. God, thou seest my torments, and wilt end them!

DECEMBER 6.

How her image haunts me! Waking or asleep, she fills my entire soul! Soon
as I close my eyes, here, in my brain, where all the nerves of vision are
concentrated, her dark eyes are imprinted. Here—I do not know how to
describe it; but, if I shut my eyes, hers are immediately before me: dark
as an abyss they open upon me, and absorb my senses.

And what is man—that boasted demigod? Do not his powers fail when he
most requires their use? And whether he soar in joy, or sink in sorrow, is
not his career in both inevitably arrested? And, whilst he fondly dreams
that he is grasping at infinity, does he not feel compelled to return to a
consciousness of his cold, monotonous existence?

THE EDITOR TO THE READER.

It is a matter of extreme regret that we want original evidence of the
last remarkable days of our friend; and we are, therefore, obliged to
interrupt the progress of his correspondence, and to supply the deficiency
by a connected narration.

I have felt it my duty to collect accurate information from the mouths of
persons well acquainted with his history. The story is simple; and all the
accounts agree, except in some unimportant particulars. It is true, that,
with respect to the characters of the persons spoken of, opinions and
judgments vary.

We have only, then, to relate conscientiously the facts which our diligent
labour has enabled us to collect, to give the letters of the deceased, and
to pay particular attention to the slightest fragment from his pen, more
especially as it is so difficult to discover the real and correct motives
of men who are not of the common order.

Sorrow and discontent had taken deep root in Werther’s soul, and gradually
imparted their character to his whole being. The harmony of his mind
became completely disturbed; a perpetual excitement and mental irritation,
which weakened his natural powers, produced the saddest effects upon him,
and rendered him at length the victim of an exhaustion against which he
struggled with still more painful efforts than he had displayed, even in
contending with his other misfortunes. His mental anxiety weakened his
various good qualities; and he was soon converted into a gloomy companion,
always unhappy and unjust in his ideas, the more wretched he became. This
was, at least, the opinion of Albert’s friends. They assert, moreover,
that the character of Albert himself had undergone no change in the
meantime: he was still the same being whom Werther had loved, honoured,
and respected from the commencement. His love for Charlotte was unbounded:
he was proud of her, and desired that she should be recognised by every
one as the noblest of created beings. Was he, however, to blame for
wishing to avert from her every appearance of suspicion? or for his
unwillingness to share his rich prize with another, even for a moment, and
in the most innocent manner? It is asserted that Albert frequently retired
from his wife’s apartment during Werther’s visits; but this did not arise
from hatred or aversion to his friend, but only from a feeling that his
presence was oppressive to Werther.

Charlotte’s father, who was confined to the house by indisposition, was
accustomed to send his carriage for her, that she might make excursions in
the neighbourhood. One day the weather had been unusually severe, and the
whole country was covered with snow.

Werther went for Charlotte the following morning, in order that, if Albert
were absent, he might conduct her home.

The beautiful weather produced but little impression on his troubled
spirit. A heavy weight lay upon his soul, deep melancholy had taken
possession of him, and his mind knew no change save from one painful
thought to another.

As he now never enjoyed internal peace, the condition of his fellow
creatures was to him a perpetual source of trouble and distress. He
believed he had disturbed the happiness of Albert and his wife; and,
whilst he censured himself strongly for this, he began to entertain a
secret dislike to Albert.

His thoughts were occasionally directed to this point. “Yes,” he would
repeat to himself, with ill-concealed dissatisfaction, “yes, this is,
after all, the extent of that confiding, dear, tender, and sympathetic
love, that calm and eternal fidelity! What do I behold but satiety and
indifference? Does not every frivolous engagement attract him more than
his charming and lovely wife? Does he know how to prize his happiness? Can
he value her as she deserves? He possesses her, it is true, I know that,
as I know much more, and I have become accustomed to the thought that he
will drive me mad, or, perhaps, murder me. Is his friendship toward me
unimpaired? Does he not view my attachment to Charlotte as an infringement
upon his rights, and consider my attention to her as a silent rebuke to
himself? I know, and indeed feel, that he dislikes me, that he wishes for
my absence, that my presence is hateful to him.”

He would often pause when on his way to visit Charlotte, stand still, as
though in doubt, and seem desirous of returning, but would nevertheless
proceed; and, engaged in such thoughts and soliloquies as we have
described, he finally reached the hunting-lodge, with a sort of
involuntary consent.

Upon one occasion he entered the house; and, inquiring for Charlotte, he
observed that the inmates were in a state of unusual confusion. The eldest
boy informed him that a dreadful misfortune had occurred at Walheim,—that
a peasant had been murdered! But this made little impression upon him.
Entering the apartment, he found Charlotte engaged reasoning with her
father, who, in spite of his infirmity, insisted on going to the scene of
the crime, in order to institute an inquiry. The criminal was unknown; the
victim had been found dead at his own door that morning. Suspicions were
excited: the murdered man had been in the service of a widow, and the
person who had previously filled the situation had been dismissed from her
employment.

As soon as Werther heard this, he exclaimed with great excitement, “Is it
possible! I must go to the spot—I cannot delay a moment!” He
hastened to Walheim. Every incident returned vividly to his remembrance;
and he entertained not the slightest doubt that that man was the murderer
to whom he had so often spoken, and for whom he entertained so much
regard. His way took him past the well-known lime trees, to the house
where the body had been carried; and his feelings were greatly excited at
the sight of the fondly recollected spot. That threshold where the
neighbours’ children had so often played together was stained with blood;
love and attachment, the noblest feelings of human nature, had been
converted into violence and murder. The huge trees stood there leafless
and covered with hoarfrost; the beautiful hedgerows which surrounded the
old churchyard wall were withered; and the gravestones, half covered with
snow, were visible through the openings.

As he approached the inn, in front of which the whole village was
assembled, screams were suddenly heard. A troop of armed peasants was seen
approaching, and every one exclaimed that the criminal had been
apprehended. Werther looked, and was not long in doubt. The prisoner was
no other than the servant, who had been formerly so attached to the widow,
and whom he had met prowling about, with that suppressed anger and
ill-concealed despair, which we have before described.

“What have you done, unfortunate man?” inquired Werther, as he advanced
toward the prisoner. The latter turned his eyes upon him in silence, and
then replied with perfect composure; “No one will now marry her, and she
will marry no one.” The prisoner was taken into the inn, and Werther left
the place. The mind of Werther was fearfully excited by this shocking
occurrence. He ceased, however, to be oppressed by his usual feeling of
melancholy, moroseness, and indifference to everything that passed around
him. He entertained a strong degree of pity for the prisoner, and was
seized with an indescribable anxiety to save him from his impending fate.
He considered him so unfortunate, he deemed his crime so excusable, and
thought his own condition so nearly similar, that he felt convinced he
could make every one else view the matter in the light in which he saw it
himself. He now became anxious to undertake his defence, and commenced
composing an eloquent speech for the occasion; and, on his way to the
hunting-lodge, he could not refrain from speaking aloud the statement
which he resolved to make to the judge.

Upon his arrival, he found Albert had been before him: and he was a little
perplexed by this meeting; but he soon recovered himself, and expressed
his opinion with much warmth to the judge. The latter shook his head
doubtingly; and although Werther urged his case with the utmost zeal,
feeling, and determination in defence of his client, yet, as we may easily
suppose, the judge was not much influenced by his appeal. On the contrary,
he interrupted him in his address, reasoned with him seriously, and even
administered a rebuke to him for becoming the advocate of a murderer. He
demonstrated, that, according to this precedent, every law might be
violated, and the public security utterly destroyed. He added, moreover,
that in such a case he could himself do nothing, without incurring the
greatest responsibility; that everything must follow in the usual course,
and pursue the ordinary channel.

Werther, however, did not abandon his enterprise, and even besought the
judge to connive at the flight of the prisoner. But this proposal was
peremptorily rejected. Albert, who had taken some part in the discussion,
coincided in opinion with the judge. At this Werther became enraged, and
took his leave in great anger, after the judge had more than once assured
him that the prisoner could not be saved.

The excess of his grief at this assurance may be inferred from a note we
have found amongst his papers, and which was doubtless written upon this
very occasion.

“You cannot be saved, unfortunate man! I see clearly that we cannot be
saved!”

Werther was highly incensed at the observations which Albert had made to
the judge in this matter of the prisoner. He thought he could detect
therein a little bitterness toward himself personally; and although, upon
reflection, it could not escape his sound judgment that their view of the
matter was correct, he felt the greatest possible reluctance to make such
an admission.

A memorandum of Werther’s upon this point, expressive of his general
feelings toward Albert, has been found amongst his papers.

“What is the use of my continually repeating that he is a good and
estimable man? He is an inward torment to me, and I am incapable of being
just toward him.”

One fine evening in winter, when the weather seemed inclined to thaw,
Charlotte and Albert were returning home together. The former looked from
time to time about her, as if she missed Werther’s company. Albert began
to speak of him, and censured him for his prejudices. He alluded to his
unfortunate attachment, and wished it were possible to discontinue his
acquaintance. “I desire it on our own account,” he added; “and I request
you will compel him to alter his deportment toward you, and to visit you
less frequently. The world is censorious, and I know that here and there
we are spoken of.” Charlotte made no reply, and Albert seemed to feel her
silence. At least, from that time he never again spoke of Werther; and,
when she introduced the subject, he allowed the conversation to die away,
or else he directed the discourse into another channel.

The vain attempt Werther had made to save the unhappy murderer was the
last feeble glimmering of a flame about to be extinguished. He sank almost
immediately afterward into a state of gloom and inactivity, until he was
at length brought to perfect distraction by learning that he was to be
summoned as a witness against the prisoner, who asserted his complete
innocence.

His mind now became oppressed by the recollection of every misfortune of
his past life. The mortification he had suffered at the ambassador’s, and
his subsequent troubles, were revived in his memory. He became utterly
inactive. Destitute of energy, he was cut off from every pursuit and
occupation which compose the business of common life; and he became a
victim to his own susceptibility, and to his restless passion for the most
amiable and beloved of women, whose peace he destroyed. In this unvarying
monotony of existence his days were consumed; and his powers became
exhausted without aim or design, until they brought him to a sorrowful
end.

A few letters which he left behind, and which we here subjoin, afford the
best proofs of his anxiety of mind and of the depth of his passion, as
well as of his doubts and struggles, and of his weariness of life.

DECEMBER 12.

Dear Wilhelm, I am reduced to the condition of those unfortunate wretches
who believe they are pursued by an evil spirit. Sometimes I am oppressed,
not by apprehension or fear, but by an inexpressible internal sensation,
which weighs upon my heart, and impedes my breath! Then I wander forth at
night, even in this tempestuous season, and feel pleasure in surveying the
dreadful scenes around me.

Yesterday evening I went forth. A rapid thaw had suddenly set in: I had
been informed that the river had risen, that the brooks had all overflowed
their banks, and that the whole vale of Walheim was under water! Upon the
stroke of twelve I hastened forth. I beheld a fearful sight. The foaming
torrents rolled from the mountains in the moonlight,—fields and
meadows, trees and hedges, were confounded together; and the entire valley
was converted into a deep lake, which was agitated by the roaring wind!
And when the moon shone forth, and tinged the black clouds with silver,
and the impetuous torrent at my feet foamed and resounded with awful and
grand impetuosity, I was overcome by a mingled sensation of apprehension
and delight. With extended arms I looked down into the yawning abyss, and
cried, “Plunge!'” For a moment my senses forsook me, in the intense
delight of ending my sorrows and my sufferings by a plunge into that gulf!
And then I felt as if I were rooted to the earth, and incapable of seeking
an end to my woes! But my hour is not yet come: I feel it is not. O
Wilhelm, how willingly could I abandon my existence to ride the whirlwind,
or to embrace the torrent! and then might not rapture perchance be the
portion of this liberated soul?

I turned my sorrowful eyes toward a favourite spot, where I was accustomed
to sit with Charlotte beneath a willow after a fatiguing walk. Alas! it
was covered with water, and with difficulty I found even the meadow. And
the fields around the hunting-lodge, thought I. Has our dear bower been
destroyed by this unpitying storm? And a beam of past happiness streamed
upon me, as the mind of a captive is illumined by dreams of flocks and
herds and bygone joys of home! But I am free from blame. I have courage to
die! Perhaps I have,—but I still sit here, like a wretched pauper,
who collects fagots, and begs her bread from door to door, that she may
prolong for a few days a miserable existence which she is unwilling to
resign.

DECEMBER 15.

What is the matter with me, dear Wilhelm? I am afraid of myself! Is not my
love for her of the purest, most holy, and most brotherly nature? Has my
soul ever been sullied by a single sensual desire? but I will make no
protestations. And now, ye nightly visions, how truly have those mortals
understood you, who ascribe your various contradictory effects to some
invincible power! This night I tremble at the avowal—I held her in
my arms, locked in a close embrace: I pressed her to my bosom, and covered
with countless kisses those dear lips which murmured in reply soft
protestations of love. My sight became confused by the delicious
intoxication of her eyes. Heavens! is it sinful to revel again in such
happiness, to recall once more those rapturous moments with intense
delight? Charlotte! Charlotte! I am lost! My senses are bewildered, my
recollection is confused, mine eyes are bathed in tears—I am ill;
and yet I am well—I wish for nothing—I have no desires—it
were better I were gone.

Under the circumstances narrated above, a determination to quit this world
had now taken fixed possession of Werther’s soul. Since Charlotte’s
return, this thought had been the final object of all his hopes and
wishes; but he had resolved that such a step should not be taken with
precipitation, but with calmness and tranquillity, and with the most
perfect deliberation.

His troubles and internal struggles may be understood from the following
fragment, which was found, without any date, amongst his papers, and
appears to have formed the beginning of a letter to Wilhelm.

“Her presence, her fate, her sympathy for me, have power still to extract
tears from my withered brain.

“One lifts up the curtain, and passes to the other side,—that is
all! And why all these doubts and delays? Because we know not what is
behind—because there is no returning—and because our mind
infers that all is darkness and confusion, where we have nothing but
uncertainty.”

His appearance at length became quite altered by the effect of his
melancholy thoughts; and his resolution was now finally and irrevocably
taken, of which the following ambiguous letter, which he addressed to his
friend, may appear to afford some proof.

DECEMBER 20.

I am grateful to your love, Wilhelm, for having repeated your advice so
seasonably. Yes, you are right: it is undoubtedly better that I should
depart. But I do not entirely approve your scheme of returning at once to
your neighbourhood; at least, I should like to make a little excursion on
the way, particularly as we may now expect a continued frost, and
consequently good roads. I am much pleased with your intention of coming
to fetch me; only delay your journey for a fortnight, and wait for another
letter from me. One should gather nothing before it is ripe, and a
fortnight sooner or later makes a great difference. Entreat my mother to
pray for her son, and tell her I beg her pardon for all the unhappiness I
have occasioned her. It has ever been my fate to give pain to those whose
happiness I should have promoted. Adieu, my dearest friend. May every
blessing of Heaven attend you! Farewell.

We find it difficult to express the emotions with which Charlotte’s soul
was agitated during the whole of this time, whether in relation to her
husband or to her unfortunate friend; although we are enabled, by our
knowledge of her character, to understand their nature.

It is certain that she had formed a determination, by every means in her
power to keep Werther at a distance; and, if she hesitated in her
decision, it was from a sincere feeling of friendly pity, knowing how much
it would cost him, indeed, that he would find it almost impossible to
comply with her wishes. But various causes now urged her to be firm. Her
husband preserved a strict silence about the whole matter; and she never
made it a subject of conversation, feeling bound to prove to him by her
conduct that her sentiments agreed with his.

The same day, which was the Sunday before Christmas, after Werther had
written the last-mentioned letter to his friend, he came in the evening to
Charlotte’s house, and found her alone. She was busy preparing some little
gifts for her brothers and sisters, which were to be distributed to them
on Christmas Day. He began talking of the delight of the children, and of
that age when the sudden appearance of the Christmas-tree, decorated with
fruit and sweetmeats, and lighted up with wax candles, causes such
transports of joy. “You shall have a gift too, if you behave well,” said
Charlotte, hiding her embarrassment under sweet smile. “And what do you
call behaving well? What should I do, what can I do, my dear Charlotte?”
said he. “Thursday night,” she answered, “is Christmas Eve. The children
are all to be here, and my father too: there is a present for each; do you
come likewise, but do not come before that time.” Werther started. “I
desire you will not: it must be so,” she continued. “I ask it of you as a
favour, for my own peace and tranquillity. We cannot go on in this manner
any longer.” He turned away his face, walked hastily up and down the room,
muttering indistinctly, “We cannot go on in this manner any longer!”
Charlotte, seeing the violent agitation into which these words had thrown
him, endeavoured to divert his thoughts by different questions, but in
vain. “No, Charlotte!” he exclaimed; “I will never see you any more!” “And
why so?” she answered. “We may—we must see each other again; only
let it be with more discretion. Oh! why were you born with that excessive,
that ungovernable passion for everything that is dear to you?” Then,
taking his hand, she said, “I entreat of you to be more calm: your
talents, your understanding, your genius, will furnish you with a thousand
resources. Be a man, and conquer an unhappy attachment toward a creature
who can do nothing but pity you.” He bit his lips, and looked at her with
a gloomy countenance. She continued to hold his hand. “Grant me but a
moment’s patience, Werther,” she said. “Do you not see that you are
deceiving yourself, that you are seeking your own destruction? Why must
you love me, me only, who belong to another? I fear, I much fear, that it
is only the impossibility of possessing me which makes your desire for me
so strong.” He drew back his hand, whilst he surveyed her with a wild and
angry look. “‘Tis well!” he exclaimed, “’tis very well! Did not Albert
furnish you with this reflection? It is profound, a very profound remark.”
“A reflection that any one might easily make,” she answered; “and is there
not a woman in the whole world who is at liberty, and has the power to
make you happy? Conquer yourself: look for such a being, and believe me
when I say that you will certainly find her. I have long felt for you, and
for us all: you have confined yourself too long within the limits of too
narrow a circle. Conquer yourself; make an effort: a short journey will be
of service to you. Seek and find an object worthy of your love; then
return hither, and let us enjoy together all the happiness of the most
perfect friendship.”

“This speech,” replied Werther with a cold smile, “this speech should be
printed, for the benefit of all teachers. My dear Charlotte, allow me but
a short time longer, and all will be well.” “But however, Werther,” she
added, “do not come again before Christmas.” He was about to make some
answer, when Albert came in. They saluted each other coldly, and with
mutual embarrassment paced up and down the room. Werther made some common
remarks; Albert did the same, and their conversation soon dropped. Albert
asked his wife about some household matters; and, finding that his
commissions were not executed, he used some expressions which, to
Werther’s ear, savoured of extreme harshness. He wished to go, but had not
power to move; and in this situation he remained till eight o’clock, his
uneasiness and discontent continually increasing. At length the cloth was
laid for supper, and he took up his hat and stick. Albert invited him to
remain; but Werther, fancying that he was merely paying a formal
compliment, thanked him coldly, and left the house.

Werther returned home, took the candle from his servant, and retired to
his room alone. He talked for some time with great earnestness to himself,
wept aloud, walked in a state of great excitement through his chamber;
till at length, without undressing, he threw himself on the bed, where he
was found by his servant at eleven o’clock, when the latter ventured to
enter the room, and take off his boots. Werther did not prevent him, but
forbade him to come in the morning till he should ring.

On Monday morning, the 21st of December, he wrote to Charlotte the
following letter, which was found, sealed, on his bureau after his death,
and was given to her. I shall insert it in fragments; as it appears, from
several circumstances, to have been written in that manner.

“It is all over, Charlotte: I am resolved to die! I make this declaration
deliberately and coolly, without any romantic passion, on this morning of
the day when I am to see you for the last time. At the moment you read
these lines, O best of women, the cold grave will hold the inanimate
remains of that restless and unhappy being who, in the last moments of his
existence, knew no pleasure so great as that of conversing with you! I
have passed a dreadful night or rather, let me say, a propitious one; for
it has given me resolution, it has fixed my purpose. I am resolved to die.
When I tore myself from you yesterday, my senses were in tumult and
disorder; my heart was oppressed, hope and pleasure had fled from me for
ever, and a petrifying cold had seized my wretched being. I could scarcely
reach my room. I threw myself on my knees; and Heaven, for the last time,
granted me the consolation of shedding tears. A thousand ideas, a thousand
schemes, arose within my soul; till at length one last, fixed, final
thought took possession of my heart. It was to die. I lay down to rest;
and in the morning, in the quiet hour of awakening, the same determination
was upon me. To die! It is not despair: it is conviction that I have
filled up the measure of my sufferings, that I have reached my appointed
term, and must sacrifice myself for thee. Yes, Charlotte, why should I not
avow it? One of us three must die: it shall be Werther. O beloved
Charlotte! this heart, excited by rage and fury, has often conceived the
horrid idea of murdering your husband—you—myself! The lot is
cast at length. And in the bright, quiet evenings of summer, when you
sometimes wander toward the mountains, let your thoughts then turn to me:
recollect how often you have watched me coming to meet you from the
valley; then bend your eyes upon the churchyard which contains my grave,
and, by the light of the setting sun, mark how the evening breeze waves
the tall grass which grows above my tomb. I was calm when I began this
letter, but the recollection of these scenes makes me weep like a child.”

About ten in the morning, Werther called his servant, and, whilst he was
dressing, told him that in a few days he intended to set out upon a
journey, and bade him therefore lay his clothes in order, and prepare them
for packing up, call in all his accounts, fetch home the books he had
lent, and give two months’ pay to the poor dependants who were accustomed
to receive from him a weekly allowance.

He breakfasted in his room, and then mounted his horse, and went to visit
the steward, who, however, was not at home. He walked pensively in the
garden, and seemed anxious to renew all the ideas that were most painful
to him.

The children did not suffer him to remain alone long. They followed him,
skipping and dancing before him, and told him, that after to-morrow and
tomorrow and one day more, they were to receive their Christmas gift from
Charlotte; and they then recounted all the wonders of which they had
formed ideas in their child imaginations. “Tomorrow and tomorrow,” said
he, “and one day more!” And he kissed them tenderly. He was going; but the
younger boy stopped him, to whisper something in his ear. He told him that
his elder brothers had written splendid New-Year’s wishes so large! one
for papa, and another for Albert and Charlotte, and one for Werther; and
they were to be presented early in the morning, on New Year’s Day. This
quite overcame him. He made each of the children a present, mounted his
horse, left his compliments for papa and mamma, and, with tears in his
eyes, rode away from the place.

He returned home about five o’clock, ordered his servant to keep up his
fire, desired him to pack his books and linen at the bottom of the trunk,
and to place his coats at the top. He then appears to have made the
following addition to the letter addressed to Charlotte:

“You do not expect me. You think I will obey you, and not visit you again
till Christmas Eve. O Charlotte, today or never! On Christmas Eve you will
hold this paper in your hand; you will tremble, and moisten it with your
tears. I will—I must! Oh, how happy I feel to be determined!”

In the meantime, Charlotte was in a pitiable state of mind. After her last
conversation with Werther, she found how painful to herself it would be to
decline his visits, and knew how severely he would suffer from their
separation.

She had, in conversation with Albert, mentioned casually that Werther
would not return before Christmas Eve; and soon afterward Albert went on
horseback to see a person in the neighbourhood, with whom he had to
transact some business which would detain him all night.

Charlotte was sitting alone. None of her family were near, and she gave
herself up to the reflections that silently took possession of her mind.
She was for ever united to a husband whose love and fidelity she had
proved, to whom she was heartily devoted, and who seemed to be a special
gift from Heaven to ensure her happiness. On the other hand, Werther had
become dear to her. There was a cordial unanimity of sentiment between
them from the very first hour of their acquaintance, and their long
association and repeated interviews had made an indelible impression upon
her heart. She had been accustomed to communicate to him every thought and
feeling which interested her, and his absence threatened to open a void in
her existence which it might be impossible to fill. How heartily she
wished that she might change him into her brother,—that she could
induce him to marry one of her own friends, or could reestablish his
intimacy with Albert.

She passed all her intimate friends in review before her mind, but found
something objectionable in each, and could decide upon none to whom she
would consent to give him.

Amid all these considerations she felt deeply but indistinctly that her
own real but unexpressed wish was to retain him for herself, and her pure
and amiable heart felt from this thought a sense of oppression which
seemed to forbid a prospect of happiness. She was wretched: a dark cloud
obscured her mental vision.

It was now half-past six o’clock, and she heard Werther’s step on the
stairs. She at once recognised his voice, as he inquired if she were at
home. Her heart beat audibly—we could almost say for the first time—at
his arrival. It was too late to deny herself; and, as he entered, she
exclaimed, with a sort of ill concealed confusion, “You have not kept your
word!” “I promised nothing,” he answered. “But you should have complied,
at least for my sake,” she continued. “I implore you, for both our sakes.”

She scarcely knew what she said or did; and sent for some friends, who, by
their presence, might prevent her being left alone with Werther. He put
down some books he had brought with him, then made inquiries about some
others, until she began to hope that her friends might arrive shortly,
entertaining at the same time a desire that they might stay away.

At one moment she felt anxious that the servant should remain in the
adjoining room, then she changed her mind. Werther, meanwhile, walked
impatiently up and down. She went to the piano, and determined not to
retire. She then collected her thoughts, and sat down quietly at Werther’s
side, who had taken his usual place on the sofa.

“Have you brought nothing to read?” she inquired. He had nothing. “There
in my drawer,” she continued, “you will find your own translation of some
of the songs of Ossian. I have not yet read them, as I have still hoped to
hear you recite them; but, for some time past, I have not been able to
accomplish such a wish.” He smiled, and went for the manuscript, which he
took with a shudder. He sat down; and, with eyes full of tears, he began
to read.

“Star of descending night! fair is thy light in the west! thou liftest thy
unshorn head from thy cloud; thy steps are stately on thy hill. What dost
thou behold in the plain? The stormy winds are laid. The murmur of the
torrent comes from afar. Roaring waves climb the distant rock. The flies
of evening are on their feeble wings: the hum of their course is on the
field. What dost thou behold, fair light? But thou dost smile and depart.
The waves come with joy around thee: they bathe thy lovely hair. Farewell,
thou silent beam! Let the light of Ossian’s soul arise!

“And it does arise in its strength! I behold my departed friends. Their
gathering is on Lora, as in the days of other years. Fingal comes like a
watery column of mist! his heroes are around: and see the bards of song,
gray-haired Ullin! stately Ryno! Alpin with the tuneful voice: the soft
complaint of Minona! How are ye changed, my friends, since the days of
Selma’s feast! when we contended, like gales of spring as they fly along
the hill, and bend by turns the feebly whistling grass.

“Minona came forth in her beauty, with downcast look and tearful eye. Her
hair was flying slowly with the blast that rushed unfrequent from the
hill. The souls of the heroes were sad when she raised the tuneful voice.
Oft had they seen the grave of Salgar, the dark dwelling of white-bosomed
Colma. Colma left alone on the hill with all her voice of song! Salgar
promised to come! but the night descended around. Hear the voice of Colma,
when she sat alone on the hill!

“Colma. It is night: I am alone, forlorn on the hill of storms. The wind
is heard on the mountain. The torrent is howling down the rock. No hut
receives me from the rain: forlorn on the hill of winds!

“Rise moon! from behind thy clouds. Stars of the night, arise! Lead me,
some light, to the place where my love rests from the chase alone! His bow
near him unstrung, his dogs panting around him! But here I must sit alone
by the rock of the mossy stream. The stream and the wind roar aloud. I
hear not the voice of my love! Why delays my Salgar; why the chief of the
hill his promise? Here is the rock and here the tree! here is the roaring
stream! Thou didst promise with night to be here. Ah! whither is my Salgar
gone? With thee I would fly from my father, with thee from my brother of
pride. Our race have long been foes: we are not foes, O Salgar!

“Cease a little while, O wind! stream, be thou silent awhile! let my voice
be heard around! let my wanderer hear me! Salgar! it is Colma who calls.
Here is the tree and the rock. Salgar, my love, I am here! Why delayest
thou thy coming? Lo! the calm moon comes forth. The flood is bright in the
vale. The rocks are gray on the steep. I see him not on the brow. His dogs
come not before him with tidings of his near approach. Here I must sit
alone!

“Who lie on the heath beside me? Are they my love and my brother? Speak to
me, O my friends! To Colma they give no reply. Speak to me: I am alone! My
soul is tormented with fears. Ah, they are dead! Their swords are red from
the fight. O my brother! my brother! why hast thou slain my Salgar! Why, O
Salgar, hast thou slain my brother! Dear were ye both to me! what shall I
say in your praise? Thou wert fair on the hill among thousands! he was
terrible in fight! Speak to me! hear my voice! hear me, sons of my love!
They are silent! silent for ever! Cold, cold, are their breasts of clay!
Oh, from the rock on the hill, from the top of the windy steep, speak, ye
ghosts of the dead! Speak, I will not be afraid! Whither are ye gone to
rest? In what cave of the hill shall I find the departed? No feeble voice
is on the gale: no answer half drowned in the storm!

“I sit in my grief: I wait for morning in my tears! Rear the tomb, ye
friends of the dead. Close it not till Colma come. My life flies away like
a dream. Why should I stay behind? Here shall I rest with my friends, by
the stream of the sounding rock. When night comes on the hill when the
loud winds arise my ghost shall stand in the blast, and mourn the death of
my friends. The hunter shall hear from his booth; he shall fear, but love
my voice! For sweet shall my voice be for my friends: pleasant were her
friends to Colma.

“Such was thy song, Minona, softly blushing daughter of Torman. Our tears
descended for Colma, and our souls were sad! Ullin came with his harp; he
gave the song of Alpin. The voice of Alpin was pleasant, the soul of Ryno
was a beam of fire! But they had rested in the narrow house: their voice
had ceased in Selma! Ullin had returned one day from the chase before the
heroes fell. He heard their strife on the hill: their song was soft, but
sad! They mourned the fall of Morar, first of mortal men! His soul was
like the soul of Fingal: his sword like the sword of Oscar. But he fell,
and his father mourned: his sister’s eyes were full of tears. Minona’s
eyes were full of tears, the sister of car-borne Morar. She retired from
the song of Ullin, like the moon in the west, when she foresees the
shower, and hides her fair head in a cloud. I touched the harp with Ullin:
the song of morning rose!

“Ryno. The wind and the rain are past, calm is the noon of day. The clouds
are divided in heaven. Over the green hills flies the inconstant sun. Red
through the stony vale comes down the stream of the hill. Sweet are thy
murmurs, O stream! but more sweet is the voice I hear. It is the voice of
Alpin, the son of song, mourning for the dead! Bent is his head of age:
red his tearful eye. Alpin, thou son of song, why alone on the silent
hill? why complainest thou, as a blast in the wood as a wave on the lonely
shore?

“Alpin. My tears, O Ryno! are for the dead my voice for those that have
passed away. Tall thou art on the hill; fair among the sons of the vale.
But thou shalt fall like Morar: the mourner shall sit on thy tomb. The
hills shall know thee no more: thy bow shall lie in thy hall unstrung!

“Thou wert swift, O Morar! as a roe on the desert: terrible as a meteor of
fire. Thy wrath was as the storm. Thy sword in battle as lightning in the
field. Thy voice was as a stream after rain, like thunder on distant
hills. Many fell by thy arm: they were consumed in the flames of thy
wrath. But when thou didst return from war, how peaceful was thy brow. Thy
face was like the sun after rain: like the moon in the silence of night:
calm as the breast of the lake when the loud wind is laid.

“Narrow is thy dwelling now! dark the place of thine abode! With three
steps I compass thy grave, O thou who wast so great before! Four stones,
with their heads of moss, are the only memorial of thee. A tree with
scarce a leaf, long grass which whistles in the wind, mark to the hunter’s
eye the grave of the mighty Morar. Morar! thou art low indeed. Thou hast
no mother to mourn thee, no maid with her tears of love. Dead is she that
brought thee forth. Fallen is the daughter of Morglan.

“Who on his staff is this? Who is this whose head is white with age, whose
eyes are red with tears, who quakes at every step? It is thy father, O
Morar! the father of no son but thee. He heard of thy fame in war, he
heard of foes dispersed. He heard of Morar’s renown, why did he not hear
of his wound? Weep, thou father of Morar! Weep, but thy son heareth thee
not. Deep is the sleep of the dead, low their pillow of dust. No more
shall he hear thy voice, no more awake at thy call. When shall it be morn
in the grave, to bid the slumberer awake? Farewell, thou bravest of men!
thou conqueror in the field! but the field shall see thee no more, nor the
dark wood be lightened with the splendour of thy steel. Thou has left no
son. The song shall preserve thy name. Future times shall hear of thee
they shall hear of the fallen Morar!

“The grief of all arose, but most the bursting sigh of Armin. He remembers
the death of his son, who fell in the days of his youth. Carmor was near
the hero, the chief of the echoing Galmal. Why burst the sigh of Armin? he
said. Is there a cause to mourn? The song comes with its music to melt and
please the soul. It is like soft mist that, rising from a lake, pours on
the silent vale; the green flowers are filled with dew, but the sun
returns in his strength, and the mist is gone. Why art thou sad, O Armin,
chief of sea-surrounded Gorma?

“Sad I am! nor small is my cause of woe! Carmor, thou hast lost no son;
thou hast lost no daughter of beauty. Colgar the valiant lives, and
Annira, fairest maid. The boughs of thy house ascend, O Carmor! but Armin
is the last of his race. Dark is thy bed, O Daura! deep thy sleep in the
tomb! When shalt thou wake with thy songs? with all thy voice of music?

“Arise, winds of autumn, arise: blow along the heath. Streams of the
mountains, roar; roar, tempests in the groves of my oaks! Walk through
broken clouds, O moon! show thy pale face at intervals; bring to my mind
the night when all my children fell, when Arindal the mighty fell—when
Daura the lovely failed. Daura, my daughter, thou wert fair, fair as the
moon on Fura, white as the driven snow, sweet as the breathing gale.
Arindal, thy bow was strong, thy spear was swift on the field, thy look
was like mist on the wave, thy shield a red cloud in a storm! Armar,
renowned in war, came and sought Daura’s love. He was not long refused:
fair was the hope of their friends.

“Erath, son of Odgal, repined: his brother had been slain by Armar. He
came disguised like a son of the sea: fair was his cliff on the wave,
white his locks of age, calm his serious brow. Fairest of women, he said,
lovely daughter of Armin! a rock not distant in the sea bears a tree on
its side; red shines the fruit afar. There Armar waits for Daura. I come
to carry his love! she went she called on Armar. Nought answered, but the
son of the rock. Armar, my love, my love! why tormentest thou me with
fear? Hear, son of Arnart, hear! it is Daura who calleth thee. Erath, the
traitor, fled laughing to the land. She lifted up her voice—she
called for her brother and her father. Arindal! Armin! none to relieve
you, Daura.

“Her voice came over the sea. Arindal, my son, descended from the hill,
rough in the spoils of the chase. His arrows rattled by his side; his bow
was in his hand, five dark-gray dogs attended his steps. He saw fierce
Erath on the shore; he seized and bound him to an oak. Thick wind the
thongs of the hide around his limbs; he loads the winds with his groans.
Arindal ascends the deep in his boat to bring Daura to land. Armar came in
his wrath, and let fly the gray-feathered shaft. It sung, it sunk in thy
heart, O Arindal, my son! for Erath the traitor thou diest. The oar is
stopped at once: he panted on the rock, and expired. What is thy grief, O
Daura, when round thy feet is poured thy brother’s blood. The boat is
broken in twain. Armar plunges into the sea to rescue his Daura, or die.
Sudden a blast from a hill came over the waves; he sank, and he rose no
more.

“Alone, on the sea-beat rock, my daughter was heard to complain; frequent
and loud were her cries. What could her father do? All night I stood on
the shore: I saw her by the faint beam of the moon. All night I heard her
cries. Loud was the wind; the rain beat hard on the hill. Before morning
appeared, her voice was weak; it died away like the evening breeze among
the grass of the rocks. Spent with grief, she expired, and left thee,
Armin, alone. Gone is my strength in war, fallen my pride among women.
When the storms aloft arise, when the north lifts the wave on high, I sit
by the sounding shore, and look on the fatal rock.

“Often by the setting moon I see the ghosts of my children; half viewless
they walk in mournful conference together.”

A torrent of tears which streamed from Charlotte’s eyes and gave relief to
her bursting heart, stopped Werther’s recitation. He threw down the book,
seized her hand, and wept bitterly. Charlotte leaned upon her hand, and
buried her face in her handkerchief: the agitation of both was excessive.
They felt that their own fate was pictured in the misfortunes of Ossian’s
heroes, they felt this together, and their tears redoubled. Werther
supported his forehead on Charlotte’s arm: she trembled, she wished to be
gone; but sorrow and sympathy lay like a leaden weight upon her soul. She
recovered herself shortly, and begged Werther, with broken sobs, to leave
her, implored him with the utmost earnestness to comply with her request.
He trembled; his heart was ready to burst: then, taking up the book again,
he recommenced reading, in a voice broken by sobs.

“Why dost thou waken me, O spring? Thy voice woos me, exclaiming, I
refresh thee with heavenly dews; but the time of my decay is approaching,
the storm is nigh that shall whither my leaves. Tomorrow the traveller
shall come, he shall come, who beheld me in beauty: his eye shall seek me
in the field around, but he shall not find me.”

The whole force of these words fell upon the unfortunate Werther. Full of
despair, he threw himself at Charlotte’s feet, seized her hands, and
pressed them to his eyes and to his forehead. An apprehension of his fatal
project now struck her for the first time. Her senses were bewildered: she
held his hands, pressed them to her bosom; and, leaning toward him with
emotions of the tenderest pity, her warm cheek touched his. They lost
sight of everything. The world disappeared from their eyes. He clasped her
in his arms, strained her to his bosom, and covered her trembling lips
with passionate kisses. “Werther!” she cried with a faint voice, turning
herself away; “Werther!” and, with a feeble hand, she pushed him from her.
At length, with the firm voice of virtue, she exclaimed, “Werther!” He
resisted not, but, tearing himself from her arms, fell on his knees before
her. Charlotte rose, and, with disordered grief, in mingled tones of love
and resentment, she exclaimed, “It is the last time, Werther! You shall
never see me any more!” Then, casting one last, tender look upon her
unfortunate lover, she rushed into the adjoining room, and locked the
door. Werther held out his arms, but did not dare to detain her. He
continued on the ground, with his head resting on the sofa, for half an
hour, till he heard a noise which brought him to his senses. The servant
entered. He then walked up and down the room; and, when he was again left
alone, he went to Charlotte’s door, and, in a low voice, said, “Charlotte,
Charlotte! but one word more, one last adieu!” She returned no answer. He
stopped, and listened and entreated; but all was silent. At length he tore
himself from the place, crying, “Adieu, Charlotte, adieu for ever!”

Werther ran to the gate of the town. The guards, who knew him, let him
pass in silence. The night was dark and stormy,—it rained and
snowed. He reached his own door about eleven. His servant, although seeing
him enter the house without his hat, did not venture to say anything; and;
as he undressed his master, he found that his clothes were wet. His hat
was afterward found on the point of a rock overhanging the valley; and it
is inconceivable how he could have climbed to the summit on such a dark,
tempestuous night without losing his life.

He retired to bed, and slept to a late hour. The next morning his servant,
upon being called to bring his coffee, found him writing. He was adding,
to Charlotte, what we here annex.

“For the last, last time I open these eyes. Alas! they will behold the sun
no more. It is covered by a thick, impenetrable cloud. Yes, Nature! put on
mourning: your child, your friend, your lover, draws near his end! This
thought, Charlotte, is without parallel; and yet it seems like a
mysterious dream when I repeat—this is my last day! The last!
Charlotte, no word can adequately express this thought. The last! To-day I
stand erect in all my strength to-morrow, cold and stark, I shall lie
extended upon the ground. To die! what is death? We do but dream in our
discourse upon it. I have seen many human beings die; but, so straitened
is our feeble nature, we have no clear conception of the beginning or the
end of our existence. At this moment I am my own—or rather I am
thine, thine, my adored! and the next we are parted, severed—perhaps
for ever! No, Charlotte, no! How can I, how can you, be annihilated? We
exist. What is annihilation? A mere word, an unmeaning sound that fixes no
impression on the mind. Dead, Charlotte! laid in the cold earth, in the
dark and narrow grave! I had a friend once who was everything to me in
early youth. She died. I followed her hearse; I stood by her grave when
the coffin was lowered; and when I heard the creaking of the cords as they
were loosened and drawn up, when the first shovelful of earth was thrown
in, and the coffin returned a hollow sound, which grew fainter and fainter
till all was completely covered over, I threw myself on the ground; my
heart was smitten, grieved, shattered, rent—but I neither knew what
had happened, nor what was to happen to me. Death! the grave! I understand
not the words.—Forgive, oh, forgive me! Yesterday—ah, that day
should have been the last of my life! Thou angel! for the first time in my
existence, I felt rapture glow within my inmost soul. She loves, she loves
me! Still burns upon my lips the sacred fire they received from thine. New
torrents of delight overwhelm my soul. Forgive me, oh, forgive!

“I knew that I was dear to you; I saw it in your first entrancing look,
knew it by the first pressure of your hand; but when I was absent from
you, when I saw Albert at your side, my doubts and fears returned.

“Do you remember the flowers you sent me, when, at that crowded assembly,
you could neither speak nor extend your hand to me? Half the night I was
on my knees before those flowers, and I regarded them as the pledges of
your love; but those impressions grew fainter, and were at length effaced.

“Everything passes away; but a whole eternity could not extinguish the
living flame which was yesterday kindled by your lips, and which now burns
within me. She loves me! These arms have encircled her waist, these lips
have trembled upon hers. She is mine! Yes, Charlotte, you are mine for
ever!

“And what do they mean by saying Albert is your husband? He may be so for
this world; and in this world it is a sin to love you, to wish to tear you
from his embrace. Yes, it is a crime; and I suffer the punishment, but I
have enjoyed the full delight of my sin. I have inhaled a balm that has
revived my soul. From this hour you are mine; yes, Charlotte, you are
mine! I go before you. I go to my Father and to your Father. I will pour
out my sorrows before him, and he will give me comfort till you arrive.
Then will I fly to meet you. I will claim you, and remain your eternal
embrace, in the presence of the Almighty.

“I do not dream, I do not rave. Drawing nearer to the grave my perceptions
become clearer. We shall exist; we shall see each other again; we shall
behold your mother; I shall behold her, and expose to her my inmost heart.
Your mother—your image!”

About eleven o’clock Werther asked his servant if Albert had returned. He
answered, “Yes;” for he had seen him pass on horseback: upon which Werther
sent him the following note, unsealed:

“Be so good as to lend me your pistols for a journey. Adieu.”

Charlotte had slept little during the past night. All her apprehensions
were realised in a way that she could neither foresee nor avoid. Her blood
was boiling in her veins, and a thousand painful sensations rent her pure
heart. Was it the ardour of Werther’s passionate embraces that she felt
within her bosom? Was it anger at his daring? Was it the sad comparison of
her present condition with former days of innocence, tranquillity, and
self-confidence? How could she approach her husband, and confess a scene
which she had no reason to conceal, and which she yet felt, nevertheless,
unwilling to avow? They had preserved so long a silence toward each other
and should she be the first to break it by so unexpected a discovery? She
feared that the mere statement of Werther’s visit would trouble him, and
his distress would be heightened by her perfect candour. She wished that
he could see her in her true light, and judge her without prejudice; but
was she anxious that he should read her inmost soul? On the other hand,
could she deceive a being to whom all her thoughts had ever been exposed
as clearly as crystal, and from whom no sentiment had ever been concealed?
These reflections made her anxious and thoughtful. Her mind still dwelt on
Werther, who was now lost to her, but whom she could not bring herself to
resign, and for whom she knew nothing was left but despair if she should
be lost to him for ever.

A recollection of that mysterious estrangement which had lately subsisted
between herself and Albert, and which she could never thoroughly
understand, was now beyond measure painful to her. Even the prudent and
the good have before now hesitated to explain their mutual differences,
and have dwelt in silence upon their imaginary grievances, until
circumstances have become so entangled, that in that critical juncture,
when a calm explanation would have saved all parties, an understanding was
impossible. And thus if domestic confidence had been earlier established
between them, if love and kind forbearance had mutually animated and
expanded their hearts, it might not, perhaps, even yet have been too late
to save our friend.

But we must not forget one remarkable circumstance. We may observe from
the character of Werther’s correspondence, that he had never affected to
conceal his anxious desire to quit this world. He had often discussed the
subject with Albert; and, between the latter and Charlotte, it had not
unfrequently formed a topic of conversation. Albert was so opposed to the
very idea of such an action, that, with a degree of irritation unusual in
him, he had more than once given Werther to understand that he doubted the
seriousness of his threats, and not only turned them into ridicule, but
caused Charlotte to share his feelings of incredulity. Her heart was thus
tranquillised when she felt disposed to view the melancholy subject in a
serious point of view, though she never communicated to her husband the
apprehensions she sometimes experienced.

Albert, upon his return, was received by Charlotte with ill-concealed
embarrassment. He was himself out of humour; his business was unfinished;
and he had just discovered that the neighbouring official with whom he had
to deal, was an obstinate and narrow-minded personage. Many things had
occurred to irritate him.

He inquired whether anything had happened during his absence, and
Charlotte hastily answered that Werther had been there on the evening
previously. He then inquired for his letters, and was answered that
several packages had been left in his study. He thereon retired, leaving
Charlotte alone.

The presence of the being she loved and honoured produced a new impression
on her heart. The recollection of his generosity, kindness, and affection
had calmed her agitation: a secret impulse prompted her to follow him; she
took her work and went to his study, as was often her custom. He was
busily employed opening and reading his letters. It seemed as if the
contents of some were disagreeable. She asked some questions: he gave
short answers, and sat down to write.

Several hours passed in this manner, and Charlotte’s feelings became more
and more melancholy. She felt the extreme difficulty of explaining to her
husband, under any circumstances, the weight that lay upon her heart; and
her depression became every moment greater, in proportion as she
endeavoured to hide her grief, and to conceal her tears.

The arrival of Werther’s servant occasioned her the greatest
embarrassment. He gave Albert a note, which the latter coldly handed to
his wife, saying, at the same time, “Give him the pistols. I wish him a
pleasant journey,” he added, turning to the servant. These words fell upon
Charlotte like a thunderstroke: she rose from her seat half-fainting, and
unconscious of what she did. She walked mechanically toward the wall, took
down the pistols with a trembling hand, slowly wiped the dust from them,
and would have delayed longer, had not Albert hastened her movements by an
impatient look. She then delivered the fatal weapons to the servant,
without being able to utter a word. As soon as he had departed, she folded
up her work, and retired at once to her room, her heart overcome with the
most fearful forebodings. She anticipated some dreadful calamity. She was
at one moment on the point of going to her husband, throwing herself at
his feet, and acquainting him with all that had happened on the previous
evening, that she might acknowledge her fault, and explain her
apprehensions; then she saw that such a step would be useless, as she
would certainly be unable to induce Albert to visit Werther. Dinner was
served; and a kind friend whom she had persuaded to remain assisted to
sustain the conversation, which was carried on by a sort of compulsion,
till the events of the morning were forgotten.

When the servant brought the pistols to Werther, the latter received them
with transports of delight upon hearing that Charlotte had given them to
him with her own hand. He ate some bread, drank some wine, sent his
servant to dinner, and then sat down to write as follows:

“They have been in your hands you wiped the dust from them. I kiss them a
thousand times—you have touched them. Yes, Heaven favours my design,
and you, Charlotte, provide me with the fatal instruments. It was my
desire to receive my death from your hands, and my wish is gratified. I
have made inquiries of my servant. You trembled when you gave him the
pistols, but you bade me no adieu. Wretched, wretched that I am—not
one farewell! How could you shut your heart against me in that hour which
makes you mine for ever? Charlotte, ages cannot efface the impression—I
feel you cannot hate the man who so passionately loves you!”

After dinner he called his servant, desired him to finish the packing up,
destroyed many papers, and then went out to pay some trifling debts. He
soon returned home, then went out again, notwithstanding the rain, walked
for some time in the count’s garden, and afterward proceeded farther into
the country. Toward evening he came back once more, and resumed his
writing.

“Wilhelm, I have for the last time beheld the mountains, the forests, and
the sky. Farewell! And you, my dearest mother, forgive me! Console her,
Wilhelm. God bless you! I have settled all my affairs! Farewell! We shall
meet again, and be happier than ever.”

“I have requited you badly, Albert; but you will forgive me. I have
disturbed the peace of your home. I have sowed distrust between you.
Farewell! I will end all this wretchedness. And oh, that my death may
render you happy! Albert, Albert! make that angel happy, and the blessing
of Heaven be upon you!”

He spent the rest of the evening in arranging his papers: he tore and
burned a great many; others he sealed up, and directed to Wilhelm. They
contained some detached thoughts and maxims, some of which I have perused.
At ten o’clock he ordered his fire to be made up, and a bottle of wine to
be brought to him. He then dismissed his servant, whose room, as well as
the apartments of the rest of the family, was situated in another part of
the house. The servant lay down without undressing, that he might be the
sooner ready for his journey in the morning, his master having informed
him that the post-horses would be at the door before six o’clock.

“Past eleven o’clock! All is silent around me, and my soul is calm. I
thank thee, O God, that thou bestowest strength and courage upon me in
these last moments! I approach the window, my dearest of friends; and
through the clouds, which are at this moment driven rapidly along by the
impetuous winds, I behold the stars which illumine the eternal heavens.
No, you will not fall, celestial bodies: the hand of the Almighty supports
both you and me! I have looked for the last time upon the constellation of
the Greater Bear: it is my favourite star; for when I bade you farewell at
night, Charlotte, and turned my steps from your door, it always shone upon
me. With what rapture have I at times beheld it! How often have I implored
it with uplifted hands to witness my felicity! and even still—But
what object is there, Charlotte, which fails to summon up your image
before me? Do you not surround me on all sides? and have I not, like a
child, treasured up every trifle which you have consecrated by your touch?

“Your profile, which was so dear to me, I return to you; and I pray you to
preserve it. Thousands of kisses have I imprinted upon it, and a thousand
times has it gladdened my heart on departing from and returning to my
home.

“I have implored your father to protect my remains. At the corner of the
churchyard, looking toward the fields, there are two lime-trees—there
I wish to lie. Your father can, and doubtless will, do this much for his
friend. Implore it of him. But perhaps pious Christians will not choose
that their bodies should be buried near the corpse of a poor, unhappy
wretch like me. Then let me be laid in some remote valley, or near the
highway, where the priest and Levite may bless themselves as they pass by
my tomb, whilst the Samaritan will shed a tear for my fate.

“See, Charlotte, I do not shudder to take the cold and fatal cup, from
which I shall drink the draught of death. Your hand presents it to me, and
I do not tremble. All, all is now concluded: the wishes and the hopes of
my existence are fulfilled. With cold, unflinching hand I knock at the
brazen portals of Death. Oh, that I had enjoyed the bliss of dying for
you! how gladly would I have sacrificed myself for you; Charlotte! And
could I but restore peace and joy to your bosom, with what resolution,
with what joy, would I not meet my fate! But it is the lot of only a
chosen few to shed their blood for their friends, and by their death to
augment, a thousand times, the happiness of those by whom they are
beloved.

“I wish, Charlotte, to be buried in the dress I wear at present: it has
been rendered sacred by your touch. I have begged this favour of your
father. My spirit soars above my sepulchre. I do not wish my pockets to be
searched. The knot of pink ribbon which you wore on your bosom the first
time I saw you, surrounded by the children—Oh, kiss them a thousand
times for me, and tell them the fate of their unhappy friend! I think I
see them playing around me. The dear children! How warmly have I been
attached to you, Charlotte! Since the first hour I saw you, how impossible
have I found it to leave you. This ribbon must be buried with me: it was a
present from you on my birthday. How confused it all appears! Little did I
then think that I should journey this road. But peace! I pray you, peace!

“They are loaded—the clock strikes twelve. I say amen. Charlotte,
Charlotte! farewell, farewell!”

A neighbour saw the flash, and heard the report of the pistol; but, as
everything remained quiet, he thought no more of it.

In the morning, at six o’clock, the servant went into Werther’s room with
a candle. He found his master stretched upon the floor, weltering in his
blood, and the pistols at his side. He called, he took him in his arms,
but received no answer. Life was not yet quite extinct. The servant ran
for a surgeon, and then went to fetch Albert. Charlotte heard the ringing
of the bell: a cold shudder seized her. She wakened her husband, and they
both rose. The servant, bathed in tears faltered forth the dreadful news.
Charlotte fell senseless at Albert’s feet.

When the surgeon came to the unfortunate Werther, he was still lying on
the floor; and his pulse beat, but his limbs were cold. The bullet,
entering the forehead, over the right eye, had penetrated the skull. A
vein was opened in his right arm: the blood came, and he still continued
to breathe.

From the blood which flowed from the chair, it could be inferred that he
had committed the rash act sitting at his bureau, and that he afterward
fell upon the floor. He was found lying on his back near the window. He
was in full-dress costume.

The house, the neighbourhood, and the whole town were immediately in
commotion. Albert arrived. They had laid Werther on the bed: his head was
bound up, and the paleness of death was upon his face. His limbs were
motionless; but he still breathed, at one time strongly, then weaker—his
death was momently expected.

He had drunk only one glass of the wine. “Emilia Galotti” lay open upon
his bureau.

I shall say nothing of Albert’s distress, or of Charlotte’s grief.

The old steward hastened to the house immediately upon hearing the news:
he embraced his dying friend amid a flood of tears. His eldest boys soon
followed him on foot. In speechless sorrow they threw themselves on their
knees by the bedside, and kissed his hands and face. The eldest, who was
his favourite, hung over him till he expired; and even then he was removed
by force. At twelve o’clock Werther breathed his last. The presence of the
steward, and the precautions he had adopted, prevented a disturbance; and
that night, at the hour of eleven, he caused the body to be interred in
the place which Werther had selected for himself.

The steward and his sons followed the corpse to the grave. Albert was
unable to accompany them. Charlotte’s life was despaired of. The body was
carried by labourers. No priest attended.