{461}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

“When found, make a note of.”—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

NOTES ON GRAMMONT.

Agreeing with Mr. Peter Cunningham (vide History of Nell Gwyn),
that a new edition of Grammont is much wanted, I beg to avail myself of
your pages, and to offer a few remarks and notes which I have made in
reference to that very entertaining work for the consideration of a
future annotator.

Of the several maids of honour mentioned therein I will begin with
those of the queen. They are Miss Stewart, Miss “Warminster,” Miss
Bellenden, Miss Bardon, Miss de la Garde, Miss Wells, Miss Livingston,
Miss Fielding, and Miss Boynton.

The names of Miss Stewart (Frances Theresa), Miss Boynton (Catherine),
Miss Wells (Winefred), and Miss Warmistre are found among the original
six, appointed on the queen’s marriage, May 21, 1662. The affiliation and
marriages of the first two have been well ascertained, but Miss
Warmistre’s birth is yet open to some conjecture, whilst her marriage,
like Miss Wells’s parentage, is wholly unknown.

Horace Walpole, on the authority of the last Earl of Arran, of the
Butler family, has confounded her with Mary, one of the daughters of
George Kirke, Esq., a groom of the bedchamber to Charles I., by Mary his
wife, daughter of Aurelian Townsend, Esq., “the admired beauty of the
tymes,” on whose marriage at Christ Church, Oxford, February 26, 1645-6,
“the king gave her.” She herself was maid of honour to the Duchess of
York in 1674, and the year following left the court, we may believe,
under the same circumstances as Miss Warmistre, more than ten years
before, had quitted it: after being the mistress of Sir Thomas Vernon,
the second Baronet of Hodnet in Shropshire, she became his wife, and
ended her life in miserable circumstances at Greenwich in 1711.

“1711, 17 August, Dame Mary, relict of Sir Thomas Vernon, carried
away.”—Burial register of Greenwich Church.

She was sister to Diana, the last De Vere, Earl of Oxford’s, countess,
a lady of as free a morality {462}as herself and as her mother, and second
wife of Sir Thomas, whose first lady, Elizabeth Cholmondley, died in
June, 1676. Sir Thomas died February 5, 1682-3, leaving by her three
children, Sir Richard, the last baronet, Henrietta, and Diana, who all
died unmarried.

A portrait of Lady Vernon, by Sir Peter Lely, has been engraved in
mezzotinto by Browne, and lettered “Mary Kirk, Lady Vernon, maid of
honour to Queen Catherine.” Another portrait (?) has been engraved by
Scheneker for Harding’s Grammont, 1793. A third portrait was
purchased at the Strawberry Hill sale, by Mr. Rodd of Little Newport
Street, for 1l. 5s.

A portrait of the Countess of Oxford is or was at Mr. Drummond’s of
Great Stanmore. It was bequeathed to his family by Charles, first Duke of
St. Alban’s, who was her ladyship’s son-in-law.

Of Mrs. Anne Kirke, who was “woman to the queen” Henrietta Maria,
there are several portraits. Granger records:

“Madam Kirk. Vandyck p. Gaywood f. h. sh.

“Madam Anne Kirk. Vandyck p. Browne, large h. sh. mezz.”

These engravings are most probably from the same painting—the
fine whole-length exhibited last year among the collection of pictures by
ancient masters in Pall Mall:

“Madam Kirk, sitting in a chair, Hollar, f. h. sh.”

He also mentions her miniature at Burghley.

There is at Wilton a splendid painting by Vandyck of Mrs. Kirk, seated
with the Countess of Morton, Lady Anne Keith, eldest daughter of George,
fifth Earl Mareschal, and wife of William Douglass, seventh Earl of
Morton, K.G. She was governess to the Princess Henrietta.

This painting has been engraved by Grousvelt. There is another
engraving from the first-named Vandyck by Beckett.

Of Lady Vernon and her mother there is to be found mention, in the
secret service expenses of Charles II. and James II., lately printed. The
elder lady on her husband’s death (he was buried in the cloisters of
Westminster Abbey, April 5, 1679) seems to have had a pension of
250l. per annum. The younger was the recipient, on two occasions,
of 100l. “bounty” only.

Mrs. Kirke and her daughter Diana are unfavourably alluded to by Mrs.
Grace Worthley, a lady of the same class, who will not “be any longer a
laughing-stock for any of Mr. Kirk’s bastards” (vide letter to her cousin
Lord Brandon, September 7, 1682, Diary of Henry Sidney, Earl of
Romney, i. pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.). And again, the same lady, in another
letter, speaks of “the common Countess of Oxford and her adulterous
bastards” (Ibid.). Mr. Jesse’s quotation from “Queries and Answers
from Garraway’s Coffee House” (vide The Court of the Stewarts,
vol. ii. p. 366.) may be here reproduced in support of the epitaph which
this angry lady has been pleased to assign the countess, who, it would
seem, had robbed her, well born and well married, of her noble keeper
“the handsome Sidney:”

“Q. How often has Mrs. Kirk sold her daughter Di. before the
Lord of Oxford married her?

A. Ask the Prince and Harry Jermyn.”

The following curious extract from one of the Heber MSS. at Hodnet has
been kindly furnished me by Charles Cholmondeley, Esq., of the Ivy House,
Wisbeach, co. Cambridge, to whom the MS. belongs:

“H——,

“Sir Thomas the second baronet’s death is mentioned in Lady Rachael
Russell’s letters. His second wife was one of King Charles’s Beauties,
but the account in Granger of her is not correct, as it appears that she
lived some time with Sir Thomas, as mistress, before their marriage. He
left her in great distress, as the profits of the estate were embezzled
by attorneys and stewards. The following is a copy from a letter from her
to one Squibb, an attorney who had the management of the estate:

‘Sir,

‘When you were last here you were pleased to say that in some little
time I should be payd some money. I have had with me my woman’s husband
y^t did serve mee about two yeares since; and hee is soe
impatient for what I owe her y^t hee will staye noe longer. It
is given me to understand I must goe to prison or paye part of
w^t I owe him. Things fly to a great violence, and if you
thinke it will bee for the credit or advantage of my childerne
y^t such an afront should come to mee, is the question. I have
nothing to depend on but w^t must come from the estate of Sir
Richard Vernon. How I have been used by the trustees you are noe stranger
to. I am now forced to live on charity, and I grow every day more and
more weary of it. For my childern’s sake I remain in England, or else I
would seeke my fortune elsewhere. Pray to take this into consideration,
and see w^t can be done.

‘I am, Sir, y^r most humble serv^t,
‘Vernon.

‘P.S.—If you can, pray doe mee y^e favour to send mee
by to-morrow at one of y^e cloke, twenty shillings, to pay for
wood, or I must sit w^thoute fyer; y^t will be ill
for a person confined to the house.'”

It is not certain whether it is to “Mistris Kirke,” Lady Vernon’s
mother, that Charles I. refers in his letter addressed to Colonel Whaley
on the day of his escape from Hampton Court, November 11, 1647, but it is
very likely to have been so. There was a Mistress (Anne) Kirke, sworn in
a dresser to Queen Henrietta Maria in Easter week, 1637 (vide
Strafford Papers, vol. ii. p. 73.), whose full-length portrait by
Vandyke has been frequently engraved, by Browne, Garwood, Hollar,
Beckett, &c.; and this lady may be the “Mrs. Anne Kirke,
unfortunately drowned near London Bridge,” who was buried in Westminster
Abbey, July 9, 1641. {463}

In Westminster Abbey was buried, May 23, 1640, “Mr. Kirk’s daughter.”
Captain George Kirke married there, February 10, 1699-1700, Mary Cooke.
George Kirke, Esq., died Jan. 10, 1703-4, and was buried in the abbey
cloisters (Mon. Inscr.); and Mrs. Mary Kirke died December 17, 1751, and
was also buried there (M. I.). We may presume that all these Kirkes were
of the same family.

Having now clearly released the annotator from all farther
interference with Mary Kirke’s private history, and having excluded her
handsome face from any future illustrated edition of Grammont, I must
leave him to deal with Miss Warmistre. It seems most probable that Dr.
Thomas Warmistre, dean of Worcester, who died October 30, 1665, was her
father, as he is known to have been a Royalist. His will, as it is not to
be found at Doctors’ Commons, must be sought for at Worcester. His
brother Gervais was a married man, but his effects, unfortunately for our
inquiries, were administered to at Doctors’ Commons, August 31, 1641.
That Warmistre was her right name is proved by Lord Cornbury’s letter to
the Duchess of Bedford, June 10, 1662 (Warburton’s Rupert, vol.
iii. pp. 461-464.). Her portrait is at Hengrave Hall, Suffolk, and has
been engraved by Scriven for Carpenter’s Grammont, 1811.

Lord Cornbury’s letter contradicts Grammont’s statement, that Miss
Boynton and Miss Wells came in on a removal, for they were of the
original six maids of honour. Among these is named a Miss Price
(Henrietta Maria), who we may suppose a sister to the Duchess of York’s
Miss Price, one of Grammont’s most conspicuous heroines; and if so, when
I come to speak of the Duchess’s maids of honour, her parentage will be
proved. Of Miss Carey, rejoicing in the prefix of Simona, the sixth of
the queen’s original maids of honour, we have no farther occasion to
speak.

In 1669 the queen appears to have had four maids of honour only, the
places vacated by Miss Stewart’s and Miss Warmistre’s marriages being
unoccupied. This state of affairs leads me to doubt whether Miss
Bellenden ever held the appointment. Mademoiselle Bardon, Grammont
admits, was not actually a maid of honour, and Mademoiselle de la Garde
certainly never was. Lord Braybrooke has
suggested to me, with some show of reason, that the first may be the
“Mrs. Baladine” who held a place of less emolument (that of dresser,
probably) in the Duchess of York’s household, and who left in the middle
of the quarter, between Michaelmas and Christmas, 1662 (vide Household
Book of James Duke of York at Audley End), as if she had the prudence
“de quitter la cour avant que d’en être chassée.”

“La désagréable Bardon” may have been a daughter, or some other near
relation, to Claudius Bardon, mentioned in the secret service expenses of
Charles II.

Mademoiselle de la Garde was appointed a dresser to the queen on her
marriage (vide Lord Cornbury’s letter), and continued in this office till
1673, when she died. Her father, Charles Peliott Baron de la Garde, or
her brother, if she had one, was a groom of the privy chamber to Queen
Catherine in 1687, and her mother dresser to the Duchess of York in 1662
(Duke of York’s Household Book). Mary her sister, who became the
wife of Sir Thomas Bond of Peckham, co. Surrey, Baronet, comptroller of
the household to Queen Henrietta Maria, was a Lady of the privy chamber
to the same queen.

Of mademoiselle I may add, that she married Mr. Gabriel Silvius,
carver to the queen, in 1669 (compare first and second editions of
Angliæ Notitia, 1669); and of her husband, in addition to the
particulars already stated by the annotators, that he received the honour
of knighthood January 28, 1669-70, married a second wife (a fact
overlooked by the annotators, including Mr. Cunningham), viz. Anne,
daughter of the Hon. William Howard, a younger son of Thomas first Earl
of Berkshire, at Westminster Abbey, November 12, 1677, went the same year
to the Hague as master of the household to the Prince of Orange (Evelyn),
became privy purse to James II. (The British Compendium, or Rudiments
of Honour), died at his house in Leicester Fields, January, 1696-7,
and was buried in the church of St. Martin. It was his second wife, and
widow, who died October 13, 1730.

If, as it is possible, Miss Bellenden did hold the appointment of maid
of honour to the queen, she must have replaced Miss Stewart or Miss
Warmistre; and if Miss Livingston and Miss Fielding held like
appointments, one of the two must have replaced her, and they, again,
must have removed from the court before 1669. I am not at present able to
say who those three ladies were.

Before bringing this paper to a conclusion, I must be permitted to
refer Mr. Cunningham to five letters, written by Count de Comminges, the
French ambassador in London, and printed Lord
Braybrooke in his Appendix to Pepys, which Mr. C. has very
unaccountably overlooked when settling the chronology of Grammont.

The first, to M. de Lionne, dated “Londres, Janvier 5-15, 1662-3,”
announces the arrival of the Chevalier the day before “fort content de
son voyage. Il a été ici reçu le plus agréablement au monde. Il est de
toutes les parties du Roi.” The second, to Louis XIV., dated “Décembre
10-20, 1663,” informs the king of the chevalier’s joy at being allowed to
return to France, and of his intention to leave England in four days. He
also informs Louis that he believes the chevalier will see the court of
France in company of “une belle {464}Angloise.” A postscript, dated “Décembre
20-24,” says that the king of England, for certain stated reasons, has
persuaded the chevalier to remain a day longer; and, farther, “Il laisse
ici quelques autres dettes, qu’il prétend venir recueillir quand il se
déclarera sur le sujet de Mille Hamilton, qui est si embrouillé que les
plus clairvoyans n’y voyent goutte.” The third, dated “Mai 19-24, 1664,”
is also to the King of France, and speaks of the Chevalier’s wife,
“madame sa femme.” The next letter is addressed to M. de Lionne, and
dated “Aout 29, Septembre 8, 1664.” It contains this important
intelligence: “Madam la Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d’un
fils beau comme la mère, et galant comme le père.” The last letter, dated
“Octobre 24, Novembre 3, 1664,” and addressed to the same M. de Lionne,
commences as follows: “Le Comte de Grammont est parti aujourd’hui avec sa
femme.”

These several letters, all important to the annotators of Grammont,
give the precise dates of the chevalier’s first visit to the Court of
Charles II., and of his departure, and settle the date of his marriage
within a few days. This event must have taken place in December, 1663.
Mrs. Jameson and Mr. Cunningham place it in 1668.

On another occasion I will return to this subject.

G. Steinman Steinman.

CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS.

I entirely agree with G. K. (Vol. viii., p. 269.) respecting the
original sense of “Putting a spoke in one’s wheel.” It surely meant to
aid him in constructing the wheel, say of his fortune. As the true sense
of this expression seems to have been retained in America when lost in
its birthplace, so Ireland has retained that of another which has changed
its sense here. By “finding a mare’s nest” is, I believe, meant, fancying
you have made a great discovery when in fact you have found nothing. I
certainly remember the late Earl Grey using it in that sense in his place
in parliament. But how does this accord with the following place in
Beaumont and Fletcher?

on which, rather to my surprise, Mr. Dyce has no note. Now in Ireland,
when a person is seen laughing immoderately without any apparent cause,
it is usual to say, “O, he has found a mare’s nest, and he’s laughing at
the eggs.” This perfectly agrees with the above passage from
Bonduca, and is doubtless the original sense and original form of
the adage.

There is another of these proverbial expressions which, I think, has
also lost its pristine sense. By “Tread on a worm and it will turn” is
usually meant that the very meekest and most helpless persons will, when
harshly used, turn on their persecutors. But the poor worm does, and can
do, no such thing. I therefore think that the adage arose at the time
when worm was inclusive of snake and viper, and that what was
meant was, that as those that had the power to avenge themselves when
injured would use it, so people should be cautious how they provoked
them. I am confirmed in this view by the following passage in the
Wallenstein’s Tod of Schiller, Act II. Sc. 6.:

Thos. Keightley.

EXTRACTS FROM COLCHESTER CORPORATION
RECORDS.

I inclose you some rather curious extracts from the corporation books
of Colchester, which I made a few years since, during an investigation of
some of the charities of that ancient borough.

Jas. Whishaw.

“The informacōn of Richard Glascock of Horden-of-the-Hill, in
the County of Essex, Cordwayner, aged twenty-four yeeres or thereabouts,
taken upon oath the 5^th of June, 1651, before Jno. Furlie,
Gent., Mayor of the Towne of Colchester.

“The Informant saieth, that upon the Lord’s daie, the fower and
twentieth daie of May last, that W^m Beard of Horden abovesaid,
did cut off the taile of the catt of Thomas Burgis of Fanies Pishe, and
Margaret, the wife of the s^d Tho^s Burgis, after the
catt’s taile was cutt off, came home, and seeing that her catt’s taile
had bin cutt off she enquired who had done it, and being told that the
s^d W^m Beard had done it, she s^d she
would be even w^th him before he went out of towne.

“Richard Glascock.“

“The informacōn of H^y Potter, aged twenty yeeres or
thereabouts, of Horden abovesaid, Lynnen Weaver, taken upon oath the day
and yeere abovesaid.

“This informant saieth, that y^e s^d fower and
twentieth daie of May the taile of the catt of the s^d Thomas
Burgis being cutt off by the s^d W^m Beard, and
y^e s^d Margaret the wife of the s^d
Tho^s Burgis haveing bin told that the s^d
W^m Beard had done it, she p^rsentlie told the
s^d Beard she would be even with him before he went out of
towne, and flewe in his face, and said she would give him something
before he went out of her howse. And this informant saieing, Good woman,
I hope you will give him noe poyson, and she replyed, he would not be soe
foolish as to take any thinge of her, but she would be even
w^th him before he went out of towne.”

“Henry Potter.“

“The informacōn of R^d Spencer, aged thirtie yeeres or
thereabouts, Servant to Captⁿ Thomas Caldwell, taken upon oath
the day and yeere aforesaid.

“This informant saieth, that the before-named W^m Beard
being very sicke and in a strange distemper, and {465}haveing heard that
Margaret, the wife of the before-named Thomas Burgis, had threatened him,
did suspect the s^d W^m Beard might be bewitched or
ill dealt w^th, did cut off some of his haire off from his
head, and did wind it up together and put it into the fire, and could not
for a good while make it burne, untill he tooke a candle and put under it
or into it, and then w^th much adoe it did burne, and after it
was burnt y^e s^d Beard laie still, and before it was
burnt he was in such a distemper that three men could hardlie hold him
into his bed.

“Richard Spencer.
“his + mark.”

CONVOCATION IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.

One hears it so often repeated, that Convocation was finally
suppressed in 1717, in consequence of the accusations brought by the
Lower House against Bishop Hoadley, that it seems worth while noting in
correction of this, that though no licence from the Crown to make canons
has ever been granted since that time, yet that Convocation met and sat
in 1728, and again for some sessions in the spring of 1742, when several
important subjects were brought before it; among which was the very
interesting question of curates’ stipends, in these words:

“VIIth. That much reproach is brought upon the beneficed, and much
oppression upon the unbeneficed, clergy, by curates accepting too scanty
salaries from incumbents.”

and which was really the last subject that was ever brought before
Convocation. On Jan. 27, 1742, it was unanimously agreed, that “the
motion made by the Archdeacon of Lincoln concerning ecclesiastical courts
and clandestine marriages, the qualifications of persons to be admitted
into holy orders, and the salaries and titles of curates,” should be
“reduced into writing, and the particulars offered to the House at their
next assembly.” But in the next session, on March 5, 1742, the
Prolocutor, Dr. Lisle, was afraid to go on with the business before the
House, and after “speaking much of a præmunire,” and “echoing and
reverberating the word from one side of good King Henry’s Chapel to the
other,” the whole was let drop; and Convocation was fully consigned to
the silence and the slumber of a century. The whole of these transactions
are detailed in a scarce pamphlet, A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Lisle,
Prolocutor of the Lower House, by the Archdeacon of Lincoln (the
Venerable G. Reynolds).

W. Fraser.

Tor-Mohun.

PARALLEL PASSAGES.

(Vol. iv., p. 435.; Vol. vi., p. 123.; Vol. vii.,
p. 151.)

1. “When she had passed it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite
music.”—Longfellow’s Evangeline, Part i. I.

“When she comes into the room, it is like a beautiful air of Mozart
breaking upon you.”—Thackeray “On a good-looking young Lady.”
(Quoted in Westminster Review, April 1853.)

2. “Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere.”—Whence?

“We are the twin stars, and cannot shine in one sphere. When he rises
I must set.”—Congreve, Love for Love, Act III. Sc. 4.

3. “Et ce n’est pas toujours par valeur et par chasteté que les hommes
sont vaillants et que les femmes sont chastes.”—De La
Rochefoucauld, Max. I.

“Yes, faith! I believe some women are virtuous, too; but ’tis as I
believe some men are valiant, through fear.”—Congreve, Love for
Love, Act III. Sc. 14.

4. “Mais si les vaisseaux sillonnent un moment les ondes, la vague
vient effacer aussitôt cette légère marque de servitude, et la mer
reparait telle qu’elle fut au premier jour de la
Création.”—Corinne, b. I. ch.
4.

“Such as Creation’s dawn beheld, thou rollest now!”—Byron,
Childe Harold.

5. “Il est plus honteux de se méfier de ses amis que d’en être
trompé.”—De La Rochefoucauld, Max. LXXXIV.

6. In “N. & Q.,” Vol. iv., p. 435., I cited, as a parallel to
Shelley, the following from Southey’s Doctor, vol. vi. p.
158.:

“The sense of flying in our sleep might, he thought, probably be the
anticipation or forefeeling of an unevolved power, like an Aurelia’s
dream of butterfly motion.”

In Spicer’s Sights and Sounds (1853), p. 140., is to be found a
poem professing to have been “dictated by the spirit of Robert Southey,”
on March 25, 1851, the fourth stanza of which runs as follows:

What inference should be drawn from this coincidence for or against
the reality of the “spiritual dictation?”

Harry Leroy Temple.

{466}

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

Shakspeare’s Works with a Digest of all the Readings (Vol.
viii., pp. 74. 170. 362.).—I am exceedingly obliged to your
correspondent Este for his suggestions, and need
not say that any sincere advice will be most respectfully considered. In
the second volume of my folio edition of Shakspeare, I am partially
endeavouring to carry out the design to which he alludes, by giving a
digest of all the readings up to the year 1684. How is it possible to
carry out his wish farther with any advantage? I should feel particularly
thankful for a satisfactory reply to the following questions in relation
to this important subject:—1. As many copies of the first and other
folio editions, as well as nearly all the copies of the same quarto
editions, differ from each other, how are these differences to be
treated? What copies are to be taken for texts, and how many copies of
each are to be collated? 2. Are such books as Beckett, Jackson and
others, to be examined? If not, are any conjectural emendations of
the last and present centuries to be given? Where is the line to be
drawn? A mere selection is valueless, or next to valueless; because,
setting aside the differences in opinion in such matters, we want to know
what conjectures are new, and which are old? 3. Are the various readings
suggested in periodicals to be given? 4. Can any positive and practical
rules be furnished, likely to render such an undertaking useful and
successful?

J. O. Halliwell.

Minor Notes.

Local Rhymes, Kent.—

Unless this is preserved in “N. & Q.” it will probably be
forgotten with the highwaymen, whose proceedings at Shooters’ Hill, no
doubt, originated it.

G. W. Skyring.

Samuel Pepys’s Grammar.—I have lately been looking over
the Diary of this very clever person, and I confess it has
surprised me to find him, a graduate of Cambridge, and, in fact, I may
say a man of letters, constantly employing such vulgar bad grammar as “he
do say,” and such like. I am the more surprised when, on looking
at his letters, even the familiar ones to his cousin Roger and to W.
Hewer, I can find nothing of the kind, they being as grammatical and as
well written as any of the time.

My hypothesis is—Lord Braybrooke can
correct me if I am wrong—that Pepys, writing his Diary in
short-hand, used one and the same character for all the persons of the
present tense of do, and that the decypherer did not attend to
this circumstance. In his letter to Col. Legge (vol. v. p. 296.), Pepys
writes “His R. H. does think,” &c., which in the Diary
would surely be “His R. H. do think,” &c. In a similar way I
would account for the use of come instead of came in the
Diary, as there is nothing of the kind in the Letters. Should I be
right, I may have rendered a slight service to the memory of an able and
worthy man.

Thos. Keightley.

Roman Remains.—In Wright’s Celt, Roman, and Saxon,
p. 207., a curious Roman altar, dedicated to Silvanus, “ab aprum eximiæ
forme captum,” is mentioned as found at Durham. It was found in the wild
district to the west, in the neighbourhood of Stanhope in Weardale, and
is preserve in the rectory house there.

P. 330., figure A. This armilla (?) was not
found in Northumberland, but in Sussex, together with several others of
the same form, a torques and celts.

W. C. Trevelyan.

Wallington.

To grab.—A very popular writer has lately rightly
denounced the use of this word as a vulgarism. Like many other
monosyllables used by our working classes, it may plead antiquity in
extenuation of its vulgarity. It has been derived from the Welsh word
grabiaw, to grasp, and in ancient times was one of our “household
words.” The retention by a tailor of a portion of the cloth delivered to
him, although it had been a usage from time immemorial, might have been
considered by our forefathers as a grabbage: we now call it
cabbage.

N. W. S.

Curfew at Sandwich.—Sometime back it was stated that the
curfew at Sandwich had been discontinued. It has been resumed in
consequence of the opposition made by the inhabitants. The same occurred
about twenty years ago. (From information on the spot.)

E. M.

Ecclesiastical Censure.—Ecclesiastical censure was often
used in the Middle Ages to enforce civil rights, specially that of the
exemption of the clergy from the judgment of a lay tribunal. The
following instance thereof is new to me. I have copied it from
“Collectanea Gervasii Holles,” vol. i. p. 529., Lansdowne MS. 207., in
the British Museum:

“Ex Archis Linc. a^o 1307.

“The Major and Burgesses of Grimesby hanged a Preist for theft called
Richard of Notingham. Hereupon yē B^p sendes to yē
Abbott of Wellow to associate to himselfe twelue adjacent chapleins to
examine yē cause, and in St. James his Church Excommunicates all
y^t had any hand in it of whatsoever condition they were,
yē King, Queen, and Prince of Wales excepted; {467}and yē
B^p himselfe did Excommunicate them in yē Cathedral
Church of Lincolne, yē fifth of yē Ides of Aprill
following.”

Edward Peacock.

Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

The Natural History of Balmoral.—Dr. William
Macgillivray, Professor of Civil and Natural History in the Marischal
College of Aberdeen, and who died there Sept. 5, 1852, left an
unpublished MS. on “The Natural History of Balmoral and its
Neighbourhood.” This work has been purchased from his executors by His
Royal Highness Prince Albert; and is to be printed for the use of Her
Majesty and the Royal Family, and for circulation among their august
relatives. It was the last work on which the distinguished author was
engaged, and was only completed a short time previous to his death. It
also contains some curious speculations regarding several plants and
herbs of that Alpine district, and their uses in a medicinal and domestic
point of view, as known to the ancient Caledonians and Picts. Altogether
it is a most interesting work.

W.

Shirt Collars.—In Hone’s Every-day Book, vol. ii.
p. 381., I find the following, which I think is after the present
ridiculous fashion of wearing shirt collars, viz. so tight round the
neck, and so stiff, that it is a wonder there are not some serious
accidents.

These collars, at present worn by the fast young men of the day, are
called “The Piccadilly three-folds.” Now, if this goes on until they get
to a “nail in depth, and stiffened with yellow starch, and double
wired,” I think it will only be proper to put a heavy tax upon
them.

“Piccadilly.—The picadil was the round hem, or the piece
set about the edge or skirt of a garment, whether at top or bottom; also
a kind of stiff collar, made in fashion of a band, that went about
the neck and round about the shoulders: hence the term ‘wooden
piccadilloes’ (meaning the pillory) in Hudibras; and see Nares’
Glossary, and Blount’s Glossographia. At the time that
ruffs and picadils were much in fashion, there was a celebrated ordinary
near St. James’s, called Piccadilly: because, as some say, it was
the outmost, or skirt-house, situate at the hem of the town: but it more
probably took its name from one Higgins, a tailor, who made a fortune by
picadils, and built this with a few adjoining houses. The name has by a
few been derived from a much frequented shop for the sale of these
articles; this probably took its rise from the circumstance of Higgins
having built houses there, which however were not for selling ruffs; and
indeed, with the exception of his buildings, the site of the present
Piccadilly was at that time open country, and quite out of the way of
trade. At a later period, when Burlington House was built, its noble
owner chose the situation, then at some distance from the extremity of
the town, that none might build beyond him. The ruffs formerly
worn by gentlemen were frequently double wired, and
stiffened with yellow starch: and the practice was at one
time carried to such an excess, that they were limited by Queen Elizabeth
‘to a nayle of a yeard in depth.’ In the time of James I., they
still continued of a preposterous size: so that, previous to the visit
made by that monarch to Cambridge in 1615, the Vice-chancellor of the
University thought fit to issue an order, prohibiting ‘the fearful
enormity and excess of apparel seen in all degrees, as, namely,
strange piccadilloes, vast bands, huge cuffs, shoe roses, tufts,
locks, and tops of hair, unbeseeming that modesty and carriage of
students in so renowned a university.'”

It is scarcely to be supposed that the ladies were deficient in the
size of their ruffs, &c.

I must conclude this in the words of the immortal poet:

H. E.

Queries.

“DAYS OF MY YOUTH.”

The following lines are understood to have been written by the late
Mr. St. George Tucker of Virginia, U. S. Any information in support of
this opinion, or, if it be unfounded, in disproof of it, is requested
by

T.

Minor Queries.

Randall Minshull and his Cheshire Collections.—Of what
family was Randall Minshull, who, in the Addenda to Gower’s Sketch for
a History of {468}Cheshire, p. 94., is stated to have
professedly made a collection for the Antiquities of Cheshire by
the desire of Lord Malpas? and where is such collection at the present
time to met with?

Cestriensis.

Mackey’s “Theory of the Earth.”—I have a small pamphlet
entitled,

“A New Theory of the Earth and of Planetary Motion; in which it is
demonstrated that the Sun is Vicegerent of his own System. By Sampson
Arnold Mackey, author of Mythological Astronomy and Urania’s
Key to the Revelations, &c. Norwich, printed for the Author.”

There is no date on the title-page, but a notice on the second page
indicates 1825. The book is extraordinary, and shows great astronomical
and philological attainments, with some startling facts in geology, and
bold theories as to the formation of the earth. I have endeavoured to
procure the other two works of which Mr. Mackey is said to be the author,
and also some account of him, but without success. I can hardly suppose
that a writer of so much ability and learning can be unknown, and shall
feel much obliged by any information as to him or his writings.

J. Ward.

Coventry.

Birthplace of King Edward V.—Can you give me any
information as to the exact birthplace of this monarch?

Hume (vol. ii. p. 430.) merely says that he was born while his mother
was in sanctuary in London, and his father was a fugitive from the
victorious Earl of Warwick.

Commynes (book iii. chap. 5.) also says that she took refuge “es
franchises qui sont à Londres,” and “y accoucha d’ung filz en grant
povreté.”

Chastellain, at p. 486. of his Chronique, says: “Elle alla à
Saincte-Catherine, une abbeye, disoient aucuns: aucuns autres disoient à
Vasemonstre (Westminster), lieu de franchise, qui oncques n’avoit esté
corrompu.”

I should be glad to have some more definite information on this point,
if any of your readers can supply it.

A Leguleian.

Name of Infants.—In Scotland there is a superstition that
it is unlucky to tell the name of infants before they are christened. Can
this be explained?

R. J. A.

Geometrical Curiosity.—Take half a sheet of note-paper;
fold and crease it so that two opposite corners exactly meet; then fold
and crease it so that the remaining two opposite corners exactly meet.
Armed with a fine pair of scissors, proceed now to repeat both these
folds alternately without cessation, taking care to cut off quite flush
and clear all the overlappings on both sides after each fold. When these
overlappings become too small to be cut off, the paper is in the shape
of a circle, i. e. the ultimate intersection of an infinite
series of tangents. Perhaps Professor De Morgan
will give the rationale of this procedure.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

Denison Family.—Can any correspondent of “N. & Q.”
inform me how the Denisons of Denbies, near Dorking, in Surrey, and the
Denisons of Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, were related? Who was Mr.
Robert Denison of Nottingham, who took a very active part in politics at
the commencement of the French Revolution? His wife had a handsome legacy
from a rich old lady, one Mrs. Williams, of whom I would much like to
know something farther.

E. H. A.

“Came.”—In Pegge’s Anecdotes of the English
Language, p. 189., we read:

“The real preterit of the Saxon verb coman, is com.
Came is therefore a violent infringement, though it is impossible
to detect the innovator, or any of his accomplices.”

When was the word came introduced into our language? Early
instances of its use would be very welcome.

H. T. G.

Hull.

Montmartre.—By some this name is derived from mons
martis; by others from mons martyrum. Which is the more
satisfactory etymology, and upon what authority does it rest?

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Law of Copyright: British Museum.—Observing that the
new law of copyright, which was passed and came into operation on
the 1st of July, 1842, expressly repeals all of the statutes
previously existing on that subject, I am anxious to know, through the
medium of “N. & Q.,” if the British Museum authorities can claim and
enforce the delivery of any book, although not entered on the books of
Stationers’ Hall, which may have been printed and published
before the passing of the said act of 1842. If so, then what is
the state of the act or statute which bears upon that particular
privilege?

J. A.

Glasgow.

Veneration for the Oak.—The oak—”the brave old
oak”—has been an object of veneration in this country from the
primæval to the present times. The term oak is used in several
places in Scripture, but nowhere does it appear to refer to the oak as we
know it—our indigenous oak. The oak, under which God
appeared to Abraham, bears apparently a resemblance to the tree of
life of the Assyrian sculptures; and, perhaps, the Zoroastrian
{469}Homa, or sacred tree, and the
sacred tree of the Hindus; and the same may yet be found in the
British oak. Is there a botanical affinity between these trees?
Are they all oaks? Was the tree of life, as described in
the Bible, an oak?

G. W.

Stansted, Montfichet.

Father Matthew’s Chickens.—Can any of your correspondents
explain why grouse in Scotland are sometimes called “Father Matthew’s
chickens?”

M. R. G.

Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book proper Names.—I
feel sure that many of your clerical correspondents would feel much
obliged by any assistance that might be forwarded them through the medium
of your columns respecting the correct pronunciation of those proper
names which occur during divine service: such as Sabaoth, Moriah,
Aceldama, Sabacthani, Abednego, and several others of the same
class.—The opinions already given in publications are so
contradictory, that I have been induced to ask you to insert this
Query.

W. Sloane Sloane-Evans.

Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.

MSS. of Anthony Bave.—I possess a volume of MS. Sermons,
Treatises, and Memorandums in the autograph of one Anthony Bave, who
appears, from the doctrines broached therein, to have been a moderate
Puritan. What is known concerning him? It is a book I value much from the
beauty of the writing and the vigorous style of the discourses.

R. C. Warde.

Kidderminster.

Return of Gentry, temp. Hen. VI.—In what collection, or
where, can the Return of Gentry of England 12th Henry VI. be seen or met
with?

Glaius.

Taylor’s “Holy Living.”—In Pickering’s edition of this
work (London, 1848), some of the quotations are placed in square
brackets (e. g. on p. xii.); and some of the paragraphs
have an asterisk prefixed to them (as on p. 8.). Why?

A. A. D.

Captain Jan Dimmeson.—Can any one give me some
information about him? I find his name on a pane of glass, with the date
of 1667, in the vicinity of Windsor. I had not an opportunity to obtain a
copy of some words that were painted on the glass, beneath a fine flowing
sea with a ship in full sail upon its bosom.

F. M.

Greek and Roman Fortification.—Where can I obtain an
account of Greek and Roman fortification? I am surprised to find that
Smith’s Classical Dictionary has no article upon that subject.

J. H. J.

The Queen at Chess.—In the old titles of the men at
chess, the queen, who does all the hard work, was called the prime
minister, or grand vizier. When did the change take place, and who
thought of giving all the power to a woman? Truly in the game “woman is
the head of the man,” reversing the just order.

C. S. W.

Vida on Chess.—I have had in my possession for more than
five years a translation of Vida on Chess. It is in the
handwriting of a celebrated poet of the last century; but whether a mere
transcript or a version of his own, is more than I can affirm. Now, I
shall feel obliged by any information on the subject, whether positive or
negative, and transcribe the exordium with that view. It is not the
version which was made by George Jeffreys, and revised by Alexander
Pope^[1]:

Bolton Corney.

Minor Queries with Answers.

Thornton Abbey.—Can any of your readers give me some
information respecting an old and ruinous building called “Thornton
Abbey,” situate about ten miles from Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and also
about two miles from the river Humber?

Victor.

Grimsby.

Bishop Wilson’s “Sacra Privata.”—In the new edition of
this work, p. 381., there is given a table of “The Collects, with their
Tendencies.” Under the head of Fasting, references are made to the First
Sunday in Lent, and the Tenth and Twenty-third after
Trinity.—There must be some mistake in this, as the last two
collects refer to prayer. This for your correspondent Mr. Denton, to whom I understand the Church is indebted
for the redintegration of the good bishop’s journal.

A. A. D.

Derivation of “Chemistry.”—Are there any historical
reasons for deriving the word chemistry from Chemi, the
name of Egypt, as is done by Bunsen and others?

T. H. T.

Burning for Witchcraft.—When and where was the last
person burned to death for witchcraft in England?

W. R.

The Small City Companies.—Where does the fullest
information appear respecting their early condition, &c.? Herbert’s
work only occasionally refers to them, and I am aware of many incidental
notices of them in Histories of London, &c.; but it does not amount
to much, and I should be glad to know if there is no fuller account of
them. The companies of Pewterers or Bakers, for example.

B.

Rousseau and Boileau.—Are there any full and complete
English translations of Rousseau’s Confessions and Boileau’s
Satires?

Alledius.

Bishop Kennett’s MS. Diary.—Where is Bishop Kennett’s MS.
Diary, from which his often-cited description of Dean Swift is taken, to
be found? {471}Sir Walter Scott (Swift’s Works,
vol. xvi. p. 76.) says “it was formerly in the possession of Lord
Lansdowne, and is now in the British Museum.” I have never been able to
find it.

F. B.

Replies.

MILTON’S WIDOW.

(Vol. vi., p. 596.; Vol. vii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375.)

It may be worth recording, that among the MS. papers of the late James
Boswell, which were I believe sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Co.,
there was the office copy and probate of the will of Milton’s widow. She
was described as Elizabeth Milton of Namptwich, widow; and it was dated
the 27th of August, 1727. In the will she bequeathed all her effects,
after the payment of her debts, to be divided between her nieces and
nephews in Namptwich; and named as her executors, Samuel Acton and John
Allcock, Esqs. Probate was granted to John Allcock, October 10, 1727.

Beside this, there was a bond or acquittance, dated 1680 from Richard
Mynshull, described of Wistaston in Cheshire, frame-work knitter, for
100l. received of Mrs. Elizabeth Milton in consideration of a
transfer to her of a lease for lives, or ninety-nine years, of a messuage
at Brindley in Cheshire, held under Sir Thomas Wilbraham.

There were also receipts or releases from Milton’s three daughters,
Anne Milton, Mary Milton, and Deborah Clarke (to the last of which
Abraham Clarke was a party): the first two dated Feb. 22, 1674; the last,
March 27 in the same year; for 100l. each, received of Elizabeth
Milton their step-mother in consideration of their shares of their
father’s estate. The sums were, with the consent of Christopher Milton
and Richard Powell, both described of the Inner Temple, to be disposed of
in the purchase of rent-charges or annuities for the benefit of the said
daughters.

Two of these documents appear to be now in the possession of your
correspondents Mr. Marsh and Mr.
Hughes; but I have met with no mention hitherto of the destination
of the others.

These may seem trifling minutiæ to notice, but nothing can fairly be
considered unimportant which may lead to the elucidation of the domestic
history of Milton.

S. W. Singer.

Mickleham.

OATHS.

(Vol. viii., p. 364.)

There can be no doubt that, as your correspondent suggests, the
judicial oath was originally taken without kissing the book, but with the
form of laying the right hand upon it; and, moreover that this custom is
of Pagan origin. Amongst the Greeks, oaths were frequently accompanied by
sacrifice; and it was the custom to lay the hands upon the victim, or
upon the altar, thereby calling to witness the deity by whom the oath was
sworn. So Juvenal, Sat. XIV. 218.:

Christians under the later Roman emperors adopted from the Greeks a
similar ceremony. In the well-known case of Omychund v. Barker,
heard in Michaelmas Term, 1744, and reported in 1 Atk. 27., the
Solicitor-General quoted a passage from Selden, which gives us some
information on this point:

“Mittimus hic, principibus Christianis, ut ex historiis satis obviis
liquet, solennia fuisse et peculiaria juramenta, ut per vultum sancti
Lucæ, per pedem Christi, per sanctum hunc vel illum, ejusmodi alia nimis
crebra: Inolevit hero tandem, ut quemadmodum Pagani sacris ac
mysteriis aliquo suis aut tactis aut præsentibus jurare solebant, ita
solenniora Christianorum juramenta fierent, aut tactis sacrosanctis
evangeliis, aut inspectis, aut in eorum præsentia manu ad pectus amota,
sublata aut protensa; atque is corporaliter seu personaliter
juramentum præstari dictum est, ut ab juramentis per epistolam, aut in
scriptis solummodo præstitis distingueretur, inde in vulgi passim
ore.”

Lord Coke tells us, in the passage quoted at p. 364., that this was
called the corporal oath, because the witness “toucheth with his hand
some part of the Holy Scripture;” but the better opinion seems to be,
that it was so called from the ancient custom of laying the hands upon
the corporale, or cloth which covered the sacred elements, by
which the most solemn oath was taken in Popish times.

As to the form of kissing the book, I am inclined to think that it is
not of earlier date than the latter part of the sixteenth century, and
that it was first prescribed as part of the ceremony of taking the oaths
of allegiance and supremacy. In the Harl. Misc., vol. vi. p. 282.
(edit. 1810), is an account of the trial of Margaret Fell and George Fox,
for refusing to take the oath of allegiance, followed by “An Answer to
Bishop Lancelot Andrewe’s Sermon concerning Swearing.” At p 298., Fox
brings forward instances of conscientious scruples among Christians in
former times, respecting the taking of oaths. He says:

“Did not the Pope, when he had got up over the churches, give forth
both oath and curse, with bell, {472}book, and candle? And was not the ceremony
of his oath, to lay three fingers a-top of the book, to signify the
Trinity; and two fingers under the book, to signify damnation of body and
soul if they sware falsely? And was not there a great number of people
that would not swear, and suffered great persecution, as read the Book
of Martyrs but to Bonner’s days? And it is little above an hundred
years since the Protestants got up; and they gave forth the oath of
allegiance, and the oath of supremacy: the one was to deny the Pope’s
supremacy, and the other to acknowledge the kings of England; so we
need not tell to you of their form, and show you the ceremony of the
oath; it saith, ‘Kiss the book;’ and the book saith ‘Kiss the
Son,’ which saith ‘Swear not at all.'”

Still the laying of the hand on the book seems to have been an
essential form; for, during the trial, when the oath was offered to
Margaret Fell, “the clerk held out the book, and bid her pull off her
glove, and lay her hand on the book” (H. M., p. 285.). And
directly after, when the oath had been read to Fox, the following scene
is described:

“‘Give him the book,’ said they; and so a man that stood by him
held up the book, and said, ‘Lay your hand on the book.’

“Geo. Fox. ‘Give me the book in my hand.’ Which set them all
a-gazing, and as in hope he would have sworn.”

And it appears from the case of Omychund v. Barker, that, at that
time, the usual form was by laying the right hand on the book, and
kissing it afterwards (1 Atk. 42.). It seems not improbable that Paley’s
suggestion, in his Moral Philosophy, vol. i. p. 192. (10th edit.),
may be correct. He says:

“The kiss seems rather an act of reverence to the contents of the
book, as, in the Popish ritual, the priest kisses the gospel before he
reads it, than any part of the oath.”

The Query respecting the Welsh custom I must leave to those who are
better informed respecting the judicial forms of that country; merely
suggesting whether the practice alluded to by your correspondent may not
originally have had a meaning similar to that of the three fingers on the
book, and two under, as described by Fox in the passage above quoted.

Erica.

Warwick.

In the bailiwick of Guernsey the person sworn lifts his right hand,
and the presiding judge, who administers the oath, says “Vous jurez par
la foi et le serment que vous devez à Dieu que,” &c. Oaths of office,
however, are taken on the Gospels, and are read to the person swearing by
the greffier, or clerk of the court. The reason of this difference may be
accounted for by the fact that the official oaths, as they now exist,
appear to have been drawn up about the beginning of the reign of James
I., and that in all probability the form was enjoined by the superior
authority of the Privy Council.

Which of the two forms was generally used before the Reformation, I
have not been able to discover; but in an account of the laws,
privileges, and customs of the island, taken by way of inquisition in the
year 1331, but more fully completed and approved in the year 1441, it
appears that the juries of the several parishes were sworn “sur Sainctes
Evangiles de Dieu par eulx et par chacun d’eulx corporellement
touché,”—”par leurs consciences sur le peril de la dampnation de
leurs ames.”

I remember to have seen men from some of the Baltic ports, when told
to lift their right hands to be sworn, double down the ring finger and
the little finger, as is done by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church
when giving the benediction.

In France the person making oath lifts his right hand. The oath is
administered by the presiding judge without any reference to the Deity,
but the person who swears is required to answer “Je le jure.” I observed
that in Britanny, when the person sworn was ignorant of the French
language, the answer was “Va Doué,” which, I believe, means in the Breton
dialect, “By God.”

In the Ecclesiastical Court of Guernsey I have seen the book presented
to the person swearing open at one of the Gospels; but in the Royal Court
the book is put into the right hand of the party making oath, shut. In
either case it is required that the book should be kissed.

Honoré de Mareville.

Guernsey.

COMMINATORY INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.

(Vol. viii., pp. 64. 153.)

Many inscriptions, comminatory or exhortatory, written in books and
directed to readers, have been commemorated in “N. & Q.” Towards the
beginning of the present century, the most common epigram of the kind in
the French public schools was the following elegant motto, with its
accompanying illustration:

Poor Pierrot is exhibited in a state of suspension, as hanging from
the inverted letter L (Γ), which symbolises the fatal tree.
Comminatory and exhortatory cautions not to soil, spoil, or tear books
and MSS. occur so frequently in the records of monastic libraries, that a
whole album could easily be filled with them. The coquettish bishop,
Venantius Fortunatus, has a distich on the subject. Another learned Goth,
Theud-wulf, or Theodulfus, Charlemagne’s Missus dominicus, {473}recommends readers a proper ablution of
their hands before turning the consecrated leaves:

Less lenient are the imprecations commemorated by Don Martenne and
Wanley. The one inscribed on the blank leaf of a Sacramentary of the
ninth century is to the following effect:

“Si quis eum (librum) de monasterio aliquo ingenio non redditurus,
abstraxerit, cum Juda proditore, Annâ et Caïphâ, portionem æternæ
damnationis accipiat. Amen! Amen! Fiat! fiat!”—Voyage
Littéraire, p. 67.

That is fierce and fiery, and in very earnest. A MS. of the Bodleian
bears this other inscription, to the same import:

“Liber Sanctæ Mariæ de Ponte Roberti. Qui eum abstulerit aut
vendiderit … aut quamlibet ejus partem absciderit, sit anathema
maranatha.”

Canisius, in his Antiquæ Lectiones (I. ii. p. 3. 320.), transcribes another comminatory
distich, copied from a MS. of the Saint Gall library:

Such recommendations are now no longer in use, and seem rather
excessive. But whoever has witnessed the extreme carelessness, not to say
improbity, of some of the readers admitted into the public continental
libraries, who scruple not to soil, spoil, and even purloin the most
precious and rare volumes, feels easily reconciled to the anathema
maranatha of the ninth and tenth centuries.

P.S.—Excuse my French-English.

Philarète Chasles, Mazarinæus.

Paris, Palais de l’Institut.

LIVERIES WORN, AND MENIAL SERVICES PERFORMED,
BY GENTLEMEN.

(Vol. vi., p. 146.)

However remarkable the conduct of the rustic esquire of Downham may
appear in the present duly, when he accepted and wore the livery of his
neighbour the Knight-Baronet of Houghton Tower, it was a Common practice
for gentlemen of good birth and estate to accept and wear, and even to
assume without solicitation, upon state occasions, the livery of an
influential neighbour, friend, or relation, in testimony of respect and
affection for the giver of the livery.

Thus it appears in the Diary of Nicholas Assheton that, in 1617, to
the Court at Mirescough “Cooz Assheton came with his gentlemanlie
servants as anie was there,” and that the retinue of menial servants in
attendance upon Sir Richard Houghton was graced by the presence of more
than one country gentleman of good family. Baines, in his History of
Lancashire, vol. ii. p. 366., also relates concerning Humphrey
Chetham, that—

“In 1635 he was nominated to serve the office of sheriff of the
county, and discharged the duties thereof with great honour, several
gentlemen of birth and estate attending and wearing his livery at the
assizes, to testify their respect and affection for him.”

Evelyn, in his Diary, gives a similar account of the conduct of
“divers gentlemen and persons of quality” in the counties of Surrey and
Sussex:

“1634. My father was appointed sheriff for Surrey and Sussex before
they were disjoyned. He had 116 servants in liverys, every one livery’d
in greene sattin doublets. Divers gentlemen and persons of quality waited
on him in the same garbe and habit, which at that time (when thirty or
forty was the the usual retinue of the high sheriff) was esteemed a great
matter. Nor was this out of the least vanity that my father exceeded (who
was one of the greatest decliners of it); but because he could not refuse
the civility of his friends and relations, who voluntarily came
themselves, or sent in their servants.”

The practice of assuming the livery of a relation or friend, and of
permitting servants also to wear it, appears to have existed in England
in the time of Richard II., and to have had the personal example of this
sovereign to support it. He seems, however, to have thereby excited the
disapprobation of many of his spiritual and temporal peers. I produce the
following passage with some hesitation, because it is by no means certain
that any one of the liveries thus assumed by Richard was a livery of
cloth:

“17^th Richard II. A.D. 1393-4.

“Richard Count d’Arundell puis le comencement de cest present
Parlement disoit au Roy, en presence des Achevesques de Canterbirs et
d’Everwyk, le Duc de Gloucestr’, les Evesques de Wyncestre et Saresbirs,
le Count de Warrewyk et autres….

“Item q le Roy deust porter la Livere de
coler le Duc de Guyene et de Lancastr’.

“Item q gentz de retenue de Roi portent
mesme la Livere….

“A qei nre Sr le
Roi alors respondi au dit Count … q bientot
apres la venue son dit uncle de Guyene quant il vient d’Espaign darrein
en Engleterre q mesme nre Sr le Roi prist le
Coler du cool mesme son uncle et mist a son cool demesne et dist q’il
vorroit porter et user en signe de bon amour d’entier coer entre eux auxi
come il fait les Liveres ses autres uncles.

“Item (quant au tierce) nre Sr le Roi disoit q ceo fuist
de counge de luy et de sa volunte q gentz de sa
retenue portent et usent mesme la Livere de Coler.”—Rolls of
Parliament, vol. iii. p. 313.

“Richard Earl of Arundel, after the commencement of this present
parliament, said to the King in the presence of the archbishops of
Canterbury and of York, {474}the Duke of Gloucester, the Bishops of
Winchester and Salisbury, the Earl of Warwick, and others….

“Item. That the King uses to wear the livery of the collar of the Duke
of Guienne and of Lancaster.

“Item. That persons of the retinue of the King wear the same
livery.

“To which our lord the King then answered to the said earl….

“That soon after the coming of his said uncle of Guienne, when he came
from Spain last into England, that himself our lord the King took the
collar from the neck of the same his uncle and put it on his own neck,
and said that he vowed to wear and to use it in sign of good love of
whole heart between them also, as he did the liveries of his other
uncles.

“Item (as to the third). Our lord the King said that it was by leave
from him, and by his wish, that persons of his retinue wear and use the
same livery of the collar.”

This practice of one of our early sovereigns seems to afford a
precedent for the mode in which divers gentlemen and persons of quality
voluntarily showed civility towards Richard Evelyn, and for that in which
several gentlemen of birth and estate testified their respect and
affection for Humphrey Chetham. Nicholas Assheton also appears to have
the support of this royal precedent in so far as relates to his accepting
and wearing the livery of a friend and neighbour; and the custom of his
day evidently lends its sanction to his forming, upon a state occasion,
one of the body of menial servants in attendance upon Sir Richard
Houghton, when he went to meet the king.

Another passage in the Rolls of Parliament seems to afford a
respectable civic precedent for the services performed by Nicholas
Assheton and other liveried gentlemen, when they waited at the lords’
table at Houghton Tower:

“11^th Edward III. A.D. 1337.

“A nre Seigneur le Roy et a son conseil
monstre Richard de Bettoyne de Loundres, qe come au Coronement nre Seigneur le Roy q ore
est il adonge Meire de Loundres fesoit l’office de Botiller ove CCC e LX vadletz vestutz
d’une sute chescun portant en sa mayn un coupe blanche d’argent come
autres Meirs de Loundres ountz faitz as Coronementz des genitours nostre Seigneur le
Roy dont memoire ne court pars et le fee q appendoit a cel jorne c’est
asavoir un coupe d’or ove la covercle et un ewer d’or enamaille lui fust
livere assent du
Counte de Lancastre et d’autres Grantz qu’adonges y furent du Conseil
nostre Seigneur le Roy la mayn Sire Roƀt de Wodehouse et ore vient en estreite
as Viscountes de Londres hors del Chekker de faire lever des Biens et
Chateux du dit Richard xx/iiii ixli. xiis. vid. pur
le fee avant dit dont il prie qe remedie lui soit ordeyne.

“Et le Meire et Citoyens d’Oxenford ount point de chartre q’ils
vendront a Londres l’Encorronement d’eyder le Meire de Loundres pur
servir a la fest et toutz jours l’ount usee. Et si i plest a nre Seigneur le Roy et a son Conseil nous payerons
volonters la fee issent qe nous soyons descharges de la
service.”—Rolls of Parliament, vol. ii. p. 96.

“To our lord the King and to his Council sheweth Richard de Bettoyne
of London, that whereas at the coronation of our lord the King that now
is, he their mayor of London performed the office of butler with three
hundred and sixty valets clothed of one suit each, bearing in his hand a
white cup of silver, as other mayors of London have done at the
coronations of the progenitors of our lord the King, whereof memory
runneth not, and the fee which appertained to this day’s work, that is to
wit, a cup of gold with the cover, and a ewer of gold enamelled, were
delivered to him by assent of the Earl of Lancaster, and of the other
grandees who then there were of the council of our lord the King, by the
hand of Sire Robert de Wodehouse, and now comes in estreat to the
viscounts of London out of the Checquer, to cause to take the goods and
chattels of the said Richard, eighty-nine pounds twelve shillings and
sixpence, for the fee aforesaid, whereof he prays that remedy be ordained
to him.

“And the mayor and citizens of Oxford have, by point of charter, that
they shall come to London to the coronation, to help the mayor of London
to serve at the feast, and always have so done. And if it please our lord
the King and his Council, we will pay willingly the fee, provided that we
be discharged of the service.”

There can be little doubt that the citizens of Oxford bore their own
travelling expenses; and it seems probable that the citizens of London
and Oxford bore the cost of the three hundred and sixty suits of clothes
and three hundred and sixty silver cups; but this is scarcely sufficient
to account for their willingness to pay a sum of money equivalent to
about fifteen hundred pounds in the present day, in order to be relieved
from the honourable service of waiting clothed in uniform, each with a
silver cup in his hand, helping the Mayor of London to perform the office
of butler at coronation feasts. However this may be, it is still somewhat
remarkable that, in the seventeenth century, Nicholas Assheton of
Downham, Esq., and other gentlemen of Lancashire, upon a less important
occasion than a coronation feast, dressed in the livery of Sir Richard
Houghton and voluntarily attended, day after day, at the lords’ table at
Houghton Tower, and served the lords with biscuit, wine, and Jelly.

J. Lewelyn Curtis.

FEMALE PARISH CLERKS.

(Vol. viii., p. 338.)

The cases of Rex v. Stubbs and Olive v. Ingram,
mentioned in the following extracts from Prideaux’s Guide to
Churchwardens, p. 4., may be of service:

“Generally speaking, all persons inhabitants of the parish are
liable to serve the office of churchwarden, {475}and from the cases of
Rex v. Stubbs (2 T. R. 395.; 1 Bott. 10.), in which it was held
that a woman is not exempt from serving the office of overseer of the
poor, and Olive v. Ingram (2 Str. 1114.), in which it was held
that she may be a parish sexton, there may, perhaps, be some ground for
contending a woman is not exempt from this duty.”

Russell Gole.

A few years ago (she may still be so) there was a gentlewoman the
parish clerk of some church in London; perhaps some of your readers may
be able to say where: a deputy officiated, excepting occasionally. But
many such instances have occurred.

In a note in Prideaux’s Directions to Churchwardens (late
edition), the following references are given as to the power of women to
fill parochial and other such offices: Rex v. Stubbs, 2 T. R.
359.; Olive v. Ingram, 2 Strange, 1114.

H. T. Ellacombe.

Rectory, Clyst St. George.

I beg to inform Y. S. M. that when I went to reside near Lincoln in
1828, a woman was clerk to the parish of Sudbrooke, and died in that
capacity a very few years after. I do not remember her name at this
moment, but I could get all particulars if required on my return to
Sudbrooke Holme.

Rich. Ellison.

Balmoral Hotel, Broadstairs, Kent.

I am able to mention another instance of a woman acting as parish
clerk at Ickburgh, in the county of Norfolk. It is the parish to
Buckenham Hall, the seat of the Honourable Francis Baring, near Thetford.
A woman there has long officiated as parish clerk, and still continues
acting in that capacity.

F. R.

I beg to refer Y. S. M. to the following passage Madame d’Arblay’s
Diary, vol. v. p. 246.:

“There was at Collumpton only a poor wretched ragged woman, a female
clerk, to show us this church: she pays a man for doing the duty, while
she receives the salary in right of her deceased husband!”

M. L. G.

At Misterton, near Crewkerne, in Somersetshire, Mary Mounford was
clerk for more than thirty years. She gave up the office about the year
1832, and is now in Beaminster Union, just eighty-nine years old.

Herbert L. Allen.

POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.

(Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., p. 112.)

To the one hundred and ten epithets poetically applied to the
nightingale and its song, collected by Mr. Bede,
permit me to add sixty-five more.

The character of the mere song alone has been described in the
following terms:

W. Pinkerton.

Ham.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Photographic Exhibition.—We understand that the
Photographic Society has made arrangements for an exhibition of
photographs in the metropolis during the months of January and February
next. The exhibition will not be confined to the works of native
photographers, but will comprise specimens of the most eminent foreign
artists, who have been specially invited to contribute. From the advances
which have been made in this favourite art, even since the recent
exhibition in the rooms of the Society of Arts, we may confidently
anticipate that the display on the present occasion will be one of the
highest interest.

How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?—Can any of your
scientific correspondents furnish me with an approximation to the
quantity of light which is transmitted through an ordinary double
achromatic lens, say of Ross, Voightlander, or any other celebrated
maker?

Lux.

Stereoscopic Articles.—I cannot agree to my opponent’s
assumed amendment (?) (Vol. viii., p. 419.) space, for the simple
reason that it would be virtually abandoning the whole of the points in
dispute between us; when farther discussion and more mature
consideration, only tend to convince me more firmly of the correctness of
the propositions I have advocated, viz.:

1st. That circumstances may and do arise in which a
better result is obtained in producing stereographs, when the chord of
the angle of generation is more or less than 2½ inches.

2nd. That the positions of the camera should not be parallel
but radial.

I certainly thought that I had, as I intended, expressed the fact that
I treat the cameras precisely as two eyes, and moreover I still
contend that they should be so treated; my object being to present to
each eye exactly such a picture and in such a direction as would be
presented under certain circumstances. The plane of delineation being
a flat, instead of a curved surface, has nothing whatever to do with this
point, because the curves of the retinas are not portions of one curve
having a common centre, but each having its own centre in the axis of the
pupil. That a plane surface for receiving the image is not so good as a
spherical one would be, is not disputed; but this observation applies to
photographs universally, and is only put up with as the lesser of
two evils. A plane surface necessarily contracts the field of view to
such a space as could be cut out of the periphery of a hollow sphere, the
versed sine of which bears but a small ratio to its chord.

There is another misunderstanding into which my opponent has fallen,
viz. the part of the object to be delineated, which should form the
centre of radiation, is not the most contiguous visible point, but the
most remote principal point of observation. I perceive that this is the
case from two illustrations he was kind enough to forward me, being
stereographs of a square, placed with the points of junction towards
the observer, and the tail receding from him; and in one case the angle
of the square is made the centre of radiation, and while its distance
from the camera is only six feet, the points of delineation are no less
than three feet apart.

To push an argument to the extreme to test its value, is quite right;
but this goes far beyond the extreme, if I may be allowed such a very
Hibernian expression.

No object, however minute, can be clearly seen if brought nearer to
the eyes than a certain point, because it will be what is technically
called out of focus. It is true that this point differs in different
individuals, but the average distance of healthy vision is 10
inches. Now, adopting Mr. Merritt’s own standard
of 2½ inches between the eyes, it is clear that supposing the central
point had been rightly selected, the distance between the cameras was
only double what might have been taken an extreme distance. It is
scarcely necessary to suggest what a person devoid of taste (in which
category I am no doubt included) might do in producing monstrosities by
adopting the radial method, as such an one is not very likely to produce
good results at all.

I now address myself to another accusation. It is quite true that I am
unacquainted with the scholastic dogmas of perspective, but
equally true that I am familiar with the facts thereof, as any one
must be who has studied optical and geometrical science generally; and
while I concur in the propositions as enunciated for a one-eyed picture,
I by no means agree to the assumption that the “vanishing points,” in the
two stereographs taken radially with the necessary precautions, “would be
so far apart, that they could not in the stereoscope flow into one;” on
the contrary, direct experiment shows me, what reason also suggests, that
they do flow into one as completely as in nature when viewed by both
eyes.

I put the proposition thus, because I do not hesitate to avow that in
nature, as interpreted by binocular vision, these points do not
absolutely, but only approximately, flow into one;
otherwise one eye would be as effective as two.

I have not the smallest objection to my views being considered “false
to art,” as, alas! her fidelity to nature is by no means beyond
suspicion. {477}

Lastly, as to the model-like appearance of stereographs taken at a
large angle, for the fact I need only refer the objector to most of the
beautiful foreign views now so abundant in our opticians’ shops: for the
reason, is it not palpable that increasing the width of the eyes is
analogous to decreasing the size of the object? and if naturally we
cannot “perceive at one view three sides of a cake, two heads of a drum,
nor any other like absurdity,” it is only because we do not use objects
sufficiently small to permit us to do so. Even while I am writing
this, I have before me a small rectangular inkholder about 1¼ inches
square, and distant from my eyes about one foot, in which the very absurd
phenomenon complained of does exist, the front, top, and both
sides being perfectly visible at once: and being one of those obstinate
fellows who will persist in judging personally from experience if
possible, I fear I shall be found incorrigible on the points on which
your correspondent has so kindly endeavoured to enlighten me.

Geo. Shadbolt.

To introduce Clouds (Vol. viii., p. 451.) as desired by your
correspondent Σ., the negative
must be treated in the sky by solution of cyanide of potassium laid on in
the form desired with a camel’s hair pencil. This discharges a portion of
the reduced silver, and allows the light to penetrate; but great care is
required to stop the action by well washing in water before the process
has gone too far. White clouds are produced by painting them in with a
black pigment mixed in size.

Geo. Shadbolt.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Death of Edward II. (Vol. viii., p. 387.).—P. C. S. S.
has noticed with considerable surprise the very strange assertion of
Mr. C. M. Ingleby with reference to the murder of
Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, viz. that “Echard and Rapin are silent,
both as to the event and the locality.” If Mr.
Ingleby will again refer to Echard (vol. i. p. 341., edit. 1718)
and to Rapin (vol. iii. p. 147., edit. 1749), he will perceive that the
two historians record “both the event and the locality.”

Mr. Ingleby did not perhaps consider that the
transaction in question took place during the reign of Edward III.; and
is, therefore, not to be sought for at the close of that of Edward
II. (where probably Mr. C. M. Ingleby
looked for it), but among the occurrences in the time of Edward
III. Mr. C. M. Ingleby will assuredly find
it there, not only in Echard and Rapin, but in every other History of
England since the date of the “event.”

P. C. S. S.

Luther no Iconoclast (Vol. viii., p. 335.).—An occasional
contributor wishes the Editor to note down this Query. What could have
led your correspondent J. G. Fitch to use so
peculiarly inappropriate a synonym for Martin Luther as “the great
Iconoclast?” Has he any historical evidence for Luther’s breaking a
single image?

It is not to defend Luther, but to point out a defect in his teaching,
as it is regarded by the adherents of other Protestant churches, that Dr.
Maclaine has said, in his note on Book IV. ch.
i. § 18. of Mosheim:

“It is evident, from several passages in the writings of Luther, that
he was by no means averse to the use of images, but that, on the
contrary, he looked upon them as adapted to excite and animate the
devotion of the people.”

Mosheim, and Merle D’Aubigné, and probably any other historian of the
Reformation in Germany, may be cited as witnesses for the notorious fact,
that Carlstadt excited the citizens of Wittemberg to break the images in
their churches when Luther was concealed in the Castle of Wartburg, and
that he rebuked and checked these proceedings on his return. See Mosheim,
as cited before, or D’Aubigné, book IX. ch.
vii. and viii.

H. W.

Rev. Urban Vigors (Vol. viii., p. 340.).—My
great-great-grandmother was a sister of Bishop Vigors, who was
consecrated to the see of Leighlin and Ferns, March 8, 1690. He, I know,
was a near relative of the Rev. Urban Vigors. An Urban Vigors of
Ballycormack, co. Wexford, also married my great-great-aunt, a Miss
Thomas, sister of Vigors Thomas, Esq., of Limerick. I should, equally
with your correspondent Y. S. M., wish to know any particulars of the
“Vigors” family; and should be delighted to enter into correspondence
with him.

W. Sloane Sloane-Evans.

Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.

Portrait of Baretti (Vol. VIII., p.
411.).—In reply to Mr. G. R. Corner’s Query
regarding Sir Joshua Reynolds’ picture of Baretti, I can give him the
information he requires.

This very interesting portrait is now at my brother’s, Holland House,
Kensington.

My late father, Lord Holland, had a pretty picture of the late Lord
Hertford’s mother (I believe), or some near relation of his. Not being
connected with that family, my father offered it to Lord Hertford,
leaving it to his lordship to give him such picture as he might choose in
exchange. Some time afterwards this portrait of Baretti was sent, and was
much prized and admired. It represents Baretti reading a small book,
which he holds close to his face with both hands; he is in a white coat,
and the whole carries with it a certainty of resemblance. This occurred
about twenty-five years ago. Perhaps it may interest your readers to
learn that our distinguished {478}painter, Watts, painted for my brother,
Lord Holland, a portrait of another distinguished Italian, Mr. Panizzi,
and pendant to the former. He is represented leaning forward and writing,
and the likeness is very striking.

C. Fox.

Addison Road.

Passage in Sophocles.—In Vol. viii., p. 73., appears an
article by Mr. Buckton, in which he quotes the
following conclusion of a passage in Sophocles:

This, πέτρῳ στάθμην
ἁρμόζων, he
translates,—

“Whose mind the God leads to destruction; but that he (the
God) practises this a short time without destroying such an one.”

But for the Italics it might have been an oversight: they would seem
to imply he has some authority for his translation. I have no edition of
Sophocles by me to discover, but surely no critical scholar can acquiesce
in it. The only active sense of πράσσειν I remember at
the moment is to exact. It surely should be translated, “And
he, whom the God so leads to ἄτη, fares a very short time without
it.” The best translation of ἄτη is, perhaps, infatuation. Moreover, how
is the above translation reconciled with the very superlative ὀλίγοστον?

M.

Brothers of the same Name (Vol. viii., p. 338.).—It is
not unusual in old pedigrees to find two brothers or two sisters with the
same Christian name; but it is unusual to find more than two living at
the same time with only one Christian name between them: this, however,
occurs in the family of Gawdy of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk. Thos. Gawdy married
three wives, and by each had a son Thomas. The eldest was a
serjeant-at-law, and died in 1556. The second was a judge of the Queen’s
Bench, and died in November, 1587 or 1588. The third is known as Sir
Francis Gawdy, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; but he also was
baptized by the name of Thomas. Lord Coke, who succeeded him as Chief
Justice, says (Co. Lit. 3. a.):

“If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after at his
confirmation by the bishop he is named John, he may purchase by his name
of confirmation; and this was the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, late C. J.
of C. B., whose name of baptism was Thomas, and his name of confirmation
Francis; and that name of Francis, by the advice of all the judges in
anno 36 Henry VIII. (1544-5), he did bear and after used in all his
purchases and grants.”

The opportunity afforded by the Roman Catholic Church of thus changing
the baptismal name may help to account for this practice, which probably
arose from a desire to continue the particular name in the family. If one
of two sons with the same name of baptism died in childhood, the other
continued the name: if both lived, one of them might change his name at
confirmation. There is no name given at confirmation according to the
form of the Church of England.

F. B.

High Dutch and Low Dutch (Vol. viii., p.
413.).—Considerable misapprehension appears to have arisen with
regard to these expressions, from the fact of the German word
Deutsch being sometimes erroneously understood to mean Dutch. But
German scholars very well know that in Germany nothing is more common
than to speak of Hoch Deutsch and Nieder Deutsch (High
German and Low German), as applied respectively to that language when
grammatically spoken and correctly pronounced, and to the bad grammar and
worse pronunciation indulged in by many of the provincials, and also by
the lower class of people in some of the towns where High German is
supposed to prevail. Thus, for examples Dresden is regarded as the
head-quarters of Hoch Deutsch, because there the language is
spoken and pronounced with the most purity: Berlin, also, as regards the
well-educated classes, boasts of the Hoch Deutsch; but the common
people (das Volk) of the Prussian capital indulge in a dialect called
Nieder Deutsch, and speak and pronounce the language as though
they were natives of some remote province. Now, the instance of Berlin I
take to be a striking illustration of the meaning of these expressions,
as both examples are comprised in the case of this city.

The German word for “German” is Deutsch; for “Dutch” the German
is Holländisch; and I presume it is from the similarity of
Deutsch and Dutch that this common error is so frequently
committed. For the future let it be remembered, that Dutch is a
term which has no relation whatever to German; and that “High German” is
that language spoken and written in its purity, “Low German” all the
dialects and mispronunciations which do not come up to the standard of
correctness.

James Spence Harry.

8. Arthur Street.

Translations of the Prayer Book into French (Vol. vii., p.
382.; Vol. viii., p. 343.).—Besides the editions already mentioned,
a 4to. one was published at London in 1689, printed by R. Everingham, and
sold by R. Bentley and M. Magnes. Prefixed to it is the placet of the
king, dated 6th October, 1662, with the subsequent approbation of
Stradling, chaplain to Gilbert (Sheldon), Bishop of London, dated 6th
April, 1663.

It seems (“N. & Q.,” Vol. vii., p. 92.) that a {479}copy is in the
British Museum; one is also in my possession.

I presume that there were other editions between the years 1663 and
1689.

H. P.

Divining-rod (Vol. viii., p. 293.).—For a full account of
the divining rod see La Physique occulte, ou Traité de la Baguette
Divinatoire, &c., par Père L. de Vallemont, a work by no means
uncommon, having passed through several editions. Mine is “à Paris, chez
Jean Boudot, avec priv. 1709, in 12^o. avec figures,” with the
addition of a “Traité de la Connoissance des Causes Magnétiques, &c.,
par un Curieux.”

A Cornish lady informs me that the Cornish miners to this day use the
divining-rod in the way represented in fig. 1. of the above-mentioned
work.

R. J. R.

In the 351st number of the Monthly Magazine, dated March 1st,
1821, there is a letter to the editor from W. Partridge, dated Boxbridge,
Gloucester, giving several instances of his having successfully used the
divining-rod for the purpose of discovering water. He says the gift is
not possessed by more than one in two thousand, and attributes the power
to electricity. Those persons in whose hands it will work must possess a
redundancy of that fluid. He also states that metals are discovered by
the same means.

K. B.

Slow-worm Superstition (Vol. vii., p. 33.).—The belief
that the slow-worm cannot die until sunset prevails in Dorsetshire. In
the New Forest the same superstition exists with regard to the brown
adder. Walking in the heathy country between Beaulieu and Christ Church I
saw a very large snake of this kind, recently beaten to death by the
peasant boys, and on remarking that the lower jaw continued to move
convulsively, I was told it would do so “till the moon was up.”

An aged woman, now deceased, who had when young been severely bitten
by a snake, told me she always felt a severe pain and swelling near where
the wound had been, on the anniversary of the occurrence. Is this common?
and can it be accounted for?

W. E.

Pimperne, Dorset.

Ravailliac (Vol. viii., p. 219.).—The destruction of the
pyramid erected at Paris upon the murder of Henry IV., is mentioned by
Thuanus, Hist., lib. 134. cap. 9. In your correspondent’s Query,
Thesaur. is, I presume, misprinted for Thuan.

B. J.

Lines on the Institution of the Garter (Vol. viii., p.
182.).—A. B. R. says, “as also from the proverbial expression used
in Scotland, and to be found in Scott’s Works, of ‘casting a
leggin girth,’ as synonymous with a female ‘faux pas.'” I may mention to
your correspondent (if he is not already aware) that the expression is
taken from Allan Ramsay’s continuation of Christ’s Kirk on the
Green (edit. Leith, 1814, 1 vol. p. 101.):

and is explained by the author in a note, “Like a tub that loses one
of its bottom hoops.” In the west of Scotland the phrase is now
restricted to a young woman who has had an illegitimate child, or what is
more commonly termed “a misfortune,” and it is probable never had another
meaning. Legen or leggen is not understood to have any
affinity in its etymology to the word leg, but is laggen,
that part of the staves which projects from the bottom of the barrel, or
of the child’s luggie, out of which he sups his oatmeal
parritch; and the girth, gird, or hoop, that by
which the vessel at this particular place is firmest bound together.
Burns makes a fine and emphatic use of the word laggen in the
“Birthday Address,” in speaking of the “Royal lasses dainty”
(Cunninghame, edit. 1826, vol. ii. p. 329.):

which means, that at last, whether through pride, hunger, or long
fasting, the appetite had become so keen, that all, even to the last
particle of the parritch, was clautet, scartit, or
scraped from the bottom of the coggie, and to its inmost recesses
surrounded by the laggen girth. Of the motto of the garter, “Honi
soit qui mal y pense,” I have heard a burlesque translation known but to
few, in “Honeys sweet quo’ Mally Spence,” synonymous with
Proverbs, chap. ix. verse 17: “Stolen waters are sweet, and bread
eaten in secret is pleasant.”

G. N.

Passage in Bacon (Vol. viii., p. 303.).—I had, partly
from inadvertence, and partly from a belief that a tautology would be
created by a recurrence to the idea of death, after the words “mortis
terrore carentem,” in the preceding line, understood the verse in
question to mean, “which regards length of life as the last of Nature’s
gifts.” On reconsideration, however, I do not doubt that the received
interpretation, which makes spatium extremum equivalent to
finem, is the correct one.

L.

What Day is it at our Antipodes? (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—A
person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by
sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours. If {480}both meet at
the same hour, say eleven o’clock, the one will reckon 11 A.M., the other 11 P.M.

Este.

Calves’ Head Club (Vol. viii., p. 315.).—In Hone’s
Every Day Book, vol. ii. pp. 158, 159, 160., some more information
is given on the interesting event referred to in the Note made by Mr. E. G. Ballard. A print is given of the scene; and
the obnoxious toasts are also quoted; they are: “The pious memory of
Oliver Cromwell;” “Damn—n to the race of the Stuarts;” “The
glorious year 1648;” “The man in the mask,” &c. The print is dated
1734, which proves that the meeting at which the disturbance arose was
not the first which had taken place.

S. A. S.

Bridgewater.

Heraldic Query (Vol. viii., p. 219.).—Although A. was
killed in open rebellion, I think his armorial bearings were not
forfeited unless he was subsequently attainted by act of parliament; and
even in that case it is possible that the act contained a provision that
the penalty should not extend to the prejudice of any other person than
the offender. Assuming that A. was not attainted, or that the
consequences of his attainder were thus restricted to himself, or that
his attainder has been reversed, it is clear that his lawful posterity
are still entitled to his arms, notwithstanding the acceptance by his
grandson C. of a new grant, which obviously could no more affect the
title to the ancient arms than the creation of a modern barony can
destroy the right of its recipient to an older one. The descendants of C.
being thus entitled to both coats, could, I imagine, without difficulty
obtain a recognition of their right; and I think they might either use
the ancient arms alone, or the ancient and the modern arms quarterly,
precedence being given to the former. The proper course would be to seek
the licence of the crown for the resumption of the ancient surname, as
well as of the arms. Such permission would, I apprehend, be now conceded,
even though it should appear that the arms were really forfeited.

Henry Gough.

Emberton, Bucks.

The Temple Lands in Scotland (Vol. viii., p. 317.).—These
lands, or a portion of them, were acquired, and afterwards transferred by
sale, to Mr. Gracie, by James Maidment, Esq., the eminent Scottish
antiquary, who, in 1828-29, privately printed—

“Templaria: Papers Relative to the History, Privileges, and
Possessions of the Scottish Knights Templars, and their Successors, the
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, with Notes,” &c.

This will no doubt contain all that your correspondent Abredonensis could desire upon the subject, provided he
can obtain it; for the work, professing to be printed by the author for
presents, is confined to twenty-five copies, and must therefore be rare.
In 1831 was published by Stevenson, Edinburgh, an Historical Account
of Linlithgowshire, by the late John Penney.^[9] This is edited by Mr. Maidment, and
contains a chapter entitled an “Account of the Transmission of the United
Estates of the Templars and Hospitallers, after the dissolution of the
Order in the reign of Queen Mary;” and although the object of the editor
is to notice the charters connected with Linlithgowshire, the book
contains a sketch of the general history of the lands in question,
abridged from the Templaria.

J. O.

Sir John Vanbrugh (Vol. viii., p. 65. &c.).—In An
Account of the Life and Death of Mr. Matthew Henry, published in the
year 1716, his biographer having related that he was chosen a minister of
a congregation of Dissenters in the city of Chester, and that he went
there to reside on the first day of June, 1687, goes on to state (p.
75.):

“That city was then very happy in several worthy gentlemen that had
habitations there; they were not altogether strangers to Mr. Henry before
he came to live among them, but now they came to be his very intimate
acquaintance; some of these, as Alderman Mainwaring and Mr. Vanbrugh,
father to Sir John Vanbrugh, were in communion with the Church of
England, but they heard Mr. Henry on the week-day lectures, and always
treated him with great and serious respect.”

This evidence serves to show that a Mr. Vanbrugh, who was living in
Chester in 1687, was the father of Sir John Vanbrugh. I have been told
that in former times there was a sugar-bakery at Chester. Did the father
of Sir John Vanbrugh carry on that business at Chester during any period
of his residence there?

N. W. S.

Sir Arthur Aston (Vol. viii., p. 126.).—In reference to
the Query of your correspondent Chartham, I take
leave to refer him to Playfair’s Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 257.,
where a pedigree of that ancient family is inserted. In p. 261. is a
note, by which it appears that the said Sir Arthur Aston had a daughter
Elizabeth, born in Russia, and married to James Thompson of Joyce Grove
in Berkshire.

In addition thereto, I recollect seeing the copy of a deed of sale,
dated April, 1637, by which it appears that Nicholas Hercy, of Nettlebed,
in co. Oxon., sold to James Thompson of Wallingford, in co. Berkshire,
“Joys Grove,” in Nettlebed aforesaid; and there is united with the same
James Thompson, apparently as a trustee, “George Tattersall the younger,
of Finchampstead in said co. of Berkshire.”

{481}

I also take leave to refer your correspondent to Lysons’s Environs
of London, vol. ii. p. 393., under head of “Fulham,” where it is
stated that Sir Arthur Aston’s father resided in that parish.

An Antiquary.

Nugget (Vol. viii., p. 357.).—Colonel Mundy, in Our
Antipodes, says that the word nugget was, before the days of
gold digging, used by the farmers of Australia to express a small thick
bullock, such as our English farmers would call a lumpy one, or a little
great one.

A. H. White.

Miscellaneous.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Ford’s Handbook of Spain. 1st Edition.

Cotton’s Fasti Ecclesiæ Hiberniæ. Parts III.,
VI., VII., and VIII.

Torriano Piazza Universale Di Proverbi
Italiani. London, 1668. Folio.

Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. Vol.
IX.

Encyclopædia Britannica. 7th Edition. Vol.
XXII., Part 2.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, carriage
free, to be sent to Mr. Bell, Publisher of
“NOTES AND QUERIES.” 186. Fleet Street.

Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct
to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
are given for that purpose:

Wellington Dispatches. 13 Vols. Vols. II.,
III., and Index. (The full price will be given.)

Southey’s Doctor. Vols. III. and IV.

Patrick’s Mensa Mystica.

Strickland’s Queens of England. Vols. III.,
IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and X.

Two Dialogues in the Elysian Fields, between Card.
Wolsey and Card. Ximenes. To which are added Historical Accounts
of Wolsey’s two Colleges and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove.
London, 1761. 8vo.

Addison’s Works. First Edition.

Jones’ (of Nayland) Works. 13 Vols. 8vo.

Wilkinson’s Ancient Egypt. Vols. IV. and
V.

Byron’s Life and Letters. 3 Vols. 8vo.

Kant’s Logic, translated by John
Richardson.

Historic Certainties by Aristarchus
Newlight.

Songs—”The Boatmen shout.” Attwood. “Ah!
godan lor felicita” (Faust). Spohr.

Chapman’s Architecturiæ Navales Mercaturiæ.
1768. Folio. Published in Sweden.

The Spectator, printed by Alex. Lawrie &
Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II., III., VI., VII., and VIII.

Notices to Correspondents.

We beg to call the special attention of such of our readers as are
Autograph Collectors to the advertisement which appears in the present
Number, descriptive of certain family and historical papers, which have
been missed within the last twelve months from the proper custody, and
shall only be too glad to hear that by so doing we have at all
contributed to their recovery.

Books Wanted. So many of our Correspondents
seem disposed to avail themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers
in direct communication with them, that we find ourselves compelled to
limit each list of books to two insertions. We would also express a hope
that those gentlemen who may at once succeed in obtaining any desired
volumes will be good enough to notify the same to us, in order that such
books may not unnecessarily appear in such list even a second
time.

St. John’s, who asks about the Stafford
Knot, will see by our last Number, p. 454., that it is the
badge or cognizance of the Earls of Stafford.

Mr. Van Laun’s Query as to the derivation
of Huguenot is anticipated in our 6th Vol., p. 317. Will
the Note there given help him to a satisfactory solution?

The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs,
1686.—The loan of this volume is offered by T. D. to the
Correspondent who advertised for it some time since in our
columns.

Amicus Veritatis, who inquires
respecting Cleanliness is next to Godliness, is referred to
our 4th Vol., p. 491., for its probable origin.

E. G. Ballard. The curious tenure of being
the King’s Vautrarius, kindly forwarded by this Correspondent, is
already printed in Blount’s Fragmenta Antiquitates, p. 142.,
ed. 1784.

C. E. F. We would strongly recommend our Correspondent to adopt the
paper process described by Dr. Diamond in
our first Number for the present year (with correction of using the
gallic acid, which, as stated in a subsequent Number, was by accident
omitted). Recent experience has more than ever convinced us that if the
method there laid down be strictly followed, the photographer will
not meet with failures.

An Amateur (Helston). Mr.
Lyte is at present abroad, or we are sure he would readily
answer the Query of our Correspondent, as to whether the chloride of
barium recommended by him at p. 252., and the nitrate of lead at p. 373.,
are to be the crystallised or liquid preparations.

An Amateur Photographer (Manchester). If
you will transmit us a specimen of the failures which you mention,
especially of the waved appearance, we will do the best to answer your
Queries: it is impossible otherwise satisfactorily to do so.

M. A. Always use your hyposulphite of soda saturated; it
does not reduce the tone of pictures near so much as when it is used
dilute.

“Notes and Queries” is published at noon on
Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
night’s parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
Saturday.

Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF
ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS. F.S.A.

Lately published, price 28s. cloth,

“A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
take its stand in the permanent literature of our
country.”—Gent. Mag.

London: LONGMAN & CO.

12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2s. 6d.

THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.

“As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty
had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his
camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be deeply
interesting.”—Notes and Queries.

“It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound
principles, and popular style.”—Churchman’s Magazine.

GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.

SUPPLEMENT TO DR. OLIVER’S MONASTICON DIŒCESIS EXONIENSIS.

In the Press, and will be published, in 1 vol. folio, price
10s. 6d.

A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MONASTICON DIŒCESIS EXONIENSIS. Being a
Collection of Records and Instruments further illustrating the Ancient
Conventual, Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in the Counties of
Devon and Cornwall. By GEORGE OLIVER, D.D. To correspond exactly in size,
paper, and type with the original work, and to contain a large folding
Map of the Diocese of Exeter at the time of the Dissolution of
Monasteries. When published, the price will be raised.

Subscribers’ Names received by A. HOLDEN, Bookseller, Exeter.

{482}

XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now
universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and
principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto
no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale
price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and
Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.

Caution.—Each Bottle is Stamped with a
Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to
counterfeit which is felony.

CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable
detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with
a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS,
CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and
may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s.,
2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67.
St. Paul’s Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon
Street, Wholesale Agents.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.)
may be seen at BLAND & LONG’S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

*** Catalogues may be had on application.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.’S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used
in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL’S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking
either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289.
Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission
6d. A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT’S Patent Process, One Guinea;
Three extra Copies for 10s.

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman’s,
Turner’s, Sanford’s, and Canson Frères’ make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray’s
Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS’ Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and
Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and
Son’s Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various
Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the
Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic
Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates, Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and
Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

M^cMILLAN’S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

HEAL AND SON’S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties—the
BORDERED QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in
the usual form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious
article. The Plain Quilt is smaller, and useful as an extra covering on
the bed, or as a wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a
loose case filled with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent.
Lists of Prices and Sizes sent free by Post, on application to

LEEDS LIBRARY.

LIBRARIAN.—Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent
to undertake the duty of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10 A.M. to 8 P.M. daily, with
an interval of two hours. Salary 120l. a year. Applications, with
Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
later then 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9.
Park Row, Leeds.

THE GENTLEMAN’S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following
articles—1. Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Pariah Girl, a
Poem: by the Rev. John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgecumbes of the
Olden Time, by Mrs. Bray, Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer’s
Pantropheon. 5. Notes on Mediæval Art France and Germany, by J. G.
Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg, Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the
White Horse of Saxony and Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq.,
Garter. 7. The Campaigns of 1793-95 in Flanders and Holland.
Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Counsels’ Fees and Lawyers’ Bills;
Shops in Westminster Hall; The Family of Phipps; Mr. John Knill of St
Ive’s; Antiquity of the Mysterious Word “Wheedle.” With Notes of the
Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of the Archæological
Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Wiltshire, Somersetshire,
Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and Obituary, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord
Anderson, Right Hon. Sir Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James
Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr. Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &c. Price
2s. 6d.

NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.

Will be ready in November,

TURNER AND GIRTIN’S PICTURESQUE VIEWS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. Edited by
THOMAS MILLER, ESQ., Author of “Rural Sketches,” &c. With Thirty
Engravings of the Olden Time, from Drawings by J. M. W. TURNER and T.
GIRTIN, Portraits, &c. Handsomely bound, price One Guinea.

HOGARTH, Haymarket, London.

Fourth Edition of RUINS OF MANY LANDS. NOTICE.—A Fourth and
Cheaper Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged, of MR. MICHELL’S
“RUINS OF MANY LANDS,” with Portrait, cloth, price 4s.
6d.

This Edition contains Remarks on Layard’s latest Discoveries at
Nineveh, and treats of nearly all the Ruins of Interest now in the
world.

TO BOOK COLLECTORS.—Just published. T. MILLARD’S CATALOGUE of
10,000 VOLUMES of SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Catalogues Gratis, and Post Free.
N.B. Libraries purchased or exchanged. A discount of 2d. in the
1s. allowed on all new books. Ency. Britt., 7th edit., by Napier,
18 gs.; another, 6th edit., calf, 12 gs.; Ency. Met., last edit., hf.
clf., 18 gs.; Penny Cyclo., 29 vols., hf. clf. 7 gs.; Illustrated London
News, to end of 1852, cloth, 12 gs.; Stafford Gallery Collection of
Pictures, 2 vols. fol., mor. elegant, 5 gs.; Rose’s Biographical
Dictionary, 12 vols. 8vo. cloth, new, 4l. 8s.,
&c.—70. Newgate Street, City, London.

TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING.—The Fifteenth Purchase of Land having
just been made for the CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY, consisting of a Mansion
and Part of Seventy-four Acres at St. Margaret’s on the Banks of the
Thames, opposite Richmond Gardens, close to Three Stations on the
South-Western Railroad, it has been resolved that the TWELFTH PUBLIC
DRAWING shall take place at Freemason’s Hall, at 8 o’clock in the
evening, on Thursday, November the 17th, Viscount Ranelagh in the Chair.
On this occasion, 131 Shares will be added to the Order of Rights for
priority of Selection on the Society Estates, namely, 87 by drawing, and
44 by seniority of date of Membership. All Shares taken prior to the
final numbers being placed in the wheel, will be included in this
drawing.

{483}

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WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.

3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.

Founded A.D. 1842.

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Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share
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ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.

Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material
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In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are
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At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
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Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.

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ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,—25. CANNON STREET,
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No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies
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Loans granted to Policy-holders.

For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low
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Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application
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ALLEN’S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of

PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies’ Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites. Gratis on
application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.

MESSRS. ALLEN’S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
articles of the kind ever produced.

J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.

W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
he has had considerable experience.

1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.

BENNETT’S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett’s
Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s.
each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

{484}

ARNOLD’S SECOND HEBREW BOOK.

In 12mo., price 9s.

THE SECOND HEBREW BOOK: containing the BOOK of GENESIS, with Syntax,
Vocabulary, and Grammatical Commentary. By the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD,
M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge; and the REV. H. BROWNE, M.A. Canon of Chichester.

RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place;

Of whom may be had,

THE FIRST HEBREW BOOK: on the Plan of “Henry’s First Latin Book.”
7s. 6d.

HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. By A. P. HARRISON.

The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy,
&c., may be had of the Author and Designer, No. 30. Gilbert Street,
Grosvenor Square, at the prices set against the respective works. Copies
will be forwarded, Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the
amount.

I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the
Nobility. Price, in colours, 1l. 10s. 6d. Emblazoned
in gold, 2l. 2s.

II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the
Knights Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, A.D. 1300. Price, in colours, 15s. 6d.
Emblazoned in gold, 21s.

III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, A.D. 1377. Price, in colours, 4l. 14s.
6d. Emblazoned in gold, 6l. 6s.

IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their
Installation Plates at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c.
Price, in colours, 15l. 15s. Emblazoned in gold,
21l.

V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.

VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms,
&c. Price coloured, 21s. Emblazoned in gold, 1l.
11s. 6d.

VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of
Scots and of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2s. 6d.
each. On vellum paper, 1s. 6d. each.

SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P.
HARRISON, Author of “Treatise on the Formation of the English
Constitution,” &c. 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.

A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square

Price 1½d.

CHAMBERS’S EDINBURGH JOURNAL. No. 515. Saturday, Nov. 12, 1853.

W. & R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London;
and 339. High Street, Edinburgh. And sold by all Booksellers.

TO AUTOGRAPH AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTORS AND OTHERS.

The following Documents and Letters are Missing within the last Twelve
Months:—

Letters from Mathew Hutton to the Duke of Somerset, describing the
Three Daughters of Lord Winchelsea, enigmatically, as Three Books. Dated
August, 1725.

Letters from Beau Nash as to Ladies C. and H. Finch. Dated August and
September, 1725.

Letter from W. Edwards to Mathew Hutton. Dated Burly, December 11th,
1725.

Letters containing A Proposal of Marriage from the Duke of Somerset to
Lady C. Finch. Dated 1725.

Letter from the Duke of Somerset to the Earl of Winchelsea on the same
subject.

Letters between Lord Granville and the Duke of Somerset, as to Titles
on the Death of the Duke’s Grandson. Dated November and December,
1744.

Autograph Notes from George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, on
Public Business. Dated 1762 and 1763.

Letter of Lord Lyttleton to the Earl of Egremont, inclosing
Complimentary Verses to Lady Egremont. Dated January 1st, 1761.

A Particular of the Duchess of Somerset’s Debts. Dated October 7th,
1697.

Holograph Letter from Charles II. to the Countess of Northumberland,
proposing the Marriage of his son George with her Grand-daughter, the
Percy Heiress.

Letter from Lord Hertford to his Father, consenting to marry.

The Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson’s, &c. &c.

Any information relative to the above will be thankfully received and
a liberal Reward paid on restoration of the Papers.

Apply to MESSRS. RYMER, A. MURRAY, & RYMER, No. 5. Whitehall,
London.

This Day is published,

A CATALOGUE of a very Choice and Valuable Collection of Books, Ancient
and Modern, in the English and Foreign Languages, and Books of Prints, in
very fine condition, also some beautifully Illuminated Manuscripts upon
Vellum, including a most splendid Vellum MS. of the Latin Bible, in two
very large volumes folio, written circa 1380; also a richly Illuminated
Copy of Ferdosi’s Shah Nameh, in Persian, with Thirty-seven beautiful
Paintings:—principally bound by the best Binders, Derome, Bozerian,
Kalthoeber, Walther, Lewis, Clarke, Bedford, Riviere, Aitken, &c.:
selected from the Libraries of the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, Provost of Eton;
Very Rev. Dr. Butler, Dean of Peterborough, formerly Head Master of
Harrow; Right Hon. Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of India;
Rev. R. J. Coates, Sopworth House, Gloucestershire, collected by him
during the last sixty years, with great taste and judgment, regardless of
expense; S. Freeman, Esq., Fawley Court (built by Inigo Jones),
Henley-on-Thames; John Miller, Esq., of Lincoln’s Inn; and various other
Libraries sold in London and the Country, with some private purchases.
Now on sale at the prices affixed, by

JOSEPH LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.

This Valuable Catalogue will be forwarded to any gentleman inclosing
Two Postage Stamps to prepay it. It may also be seen attached to the
“Gentleman’s Magazine” for November.

*** Such a Catalogue of Rare, Valuable and Choice Books, in fine
condition, has not been published for some years.

This Day is published, price 8s. 6d.

ΔΕΜΟΣΘΕΝΟΥΣ
Ο ΠΕΡΙ ΤΗΣ
ΠΑΡΑΠΡΕΣΒΕΙΑΣ
ΛΟΓΟΣ.

DEMOSTHENES DE FALSA LEGATIONE. By RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Trinity
College, Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised.

This Day is published. price 5s. 6d.

AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON PLANE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY, By REV. W.
SCOTT, M.A., Mathematical Lecturer and Late Fellow of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge.

Just published, price 1s.

THE STEREOSCOPE,

Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An
Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.

London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane,
Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.

Also, by the same Author, Price 1s.,

REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton’s Notes on the Works of Dr.
Thomas Reid.

“Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
Jobert.”—Sir W. Hamilton.

London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON.
Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10.
Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet
Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, November
12. 1853.