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NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

“When found, make a note of.”—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy.

It has often occurred to me that the old country folk-songs are as
worthy of a niche in your mausoleum as the more prosy lore to which you
allot a separate division. Why does not some one write a Minstrelsy of
the Midland Counties? There is ample material to work upon, and not yet
spoiled by dry-as-dust-ism. It would be vain, perhaps, to emulate the
achievements of the Scottish antiquary; but surely something might be
done better than the county Garlands, which, with a few honorable
exceptions, are sad abortions, mere channels for rhyme-struck editors.
There is one peculiarity of the midland songs and ballads which I do not
remember to have seen noticed, viz. their singular affinity to those of
Scotland, as exhibited in the collections of Scott and Motherwell. I have
repeatedly noticed this, even so far south as Gloucestershire. Of the old
Staffordshire ballad which appeared in your columns some months ago, I
remember to have heard two distinct versions in Warwickshire, all
approaching more or less to the Scottish type:

Now whence this curious similarity in the vernacular ideology of
districts so remote? Are all the versions from one original, distributed
by the wandering minstrels, and in course of time adapted to new
localities and dialects? and, if so, whence came the original, from
England or Scotland? Here is a nut for Dr.
Rimbault, or some of your other correspondents learned in popular
poetry. Another instance also occurs to me. Most of your readers are
doubtless familiar with the pretty little ballad of “Lady Anne” in the
Border Minstrelsy, which relates so plaintively the murder of the
two innocent babes, and the ghostly retribution to the guilty mother.
Other versions are given by Kinloch in his Ancient Scottish
Ballads, and by Buchan in the Songs of the North, the former
laying the scene in London:

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And the latter across the Atlantic:

A Warwickshire version, on the contrary, places the scene on our own
“native leas:”

Here there are no less than four versions of the same ballad, each
differing materially from the other, but all bearing unmistakeable marks
of a common origin. It would be interesting to know the process by which
this was managed.

C. Clifton Barry.

COMET SUPERSTITIONS IN 1853.

From the 19th of August to the present time that brilliant comet,
which was first seen by M. Klinkerfues, at Göttingen, on the 10th of June
last, has been distinctly visible here, and among the ignorant classes
its appearance has caused no little alarm. The reason of this we shall
briefly explain.

During the past fifty-five years the Maltese have grievously suffered
on three different occasions; firstly, by the revolution of 1798, which
was followed by the plague in 1813; and lastly, by the cholera in 1837.
In these visitations, all of which are in the recollection of the oldest
inhabitants, thirty thousand persons are supposed to have perished.

Mindful as these aged people are of these sad bereavements, and
declaring as they do that they were all preceded by some “curious signs”
in the heavens which foretold their approach, men’s minds have become
excited, and, reason as one may, still the impression now existing that
some fatal harm is shortly to follow will not be removed.

A few of the inhabitants, more terrified than their neighbours, have
fancied the comet’s tail to be a fiery sword, and therefore predict a
general war in Europe, and consequent fall of the Ottoman Empire. But as
this statement is evidently erroneous, we still live in great hopes,
notwithstanding all previous predictions and “curious signs,” that the
comet will pass away without bringing in its train any grievous
calamity.

By the following extracts, taken from some leading journals of the
day, it will be seen that the Maltese are not alone in entertaining a
superstitious dread of a comet’s appearance. The Americans, Prussians,
Spaniards, and Turks come in the same list, which perhaps may be
increased by your correspondents:

“The Madrid journals announce that the appearance of the comet has
excited great alarm in that city, as it is considered a symptom of divine
wrath, and a presage of war, pestilence, and affliction for
humanity.”—Vide Galignani’s Messenger of August 31,
1853.

“The entire appearance (of the comet) is brilliant and dazzling; and
while it engrosses the attention and investigation of the scientific, it
excites the alarm of the superstitious, who, as in ancient times, regard
it as the concomitant of pestilence and the herald of war.”—Vide
New York correspondence of The Sun, Aug. 24, 1853.

“The splendid comet now visible after sun-set on the western horizon,
has attracted the attention of every body here. The public impression is,
that this celestial phenomenon is to be considered as a sign of war; and
their astrologers, to whom appeal is made for an interpretation, make the
most absurd declarations: and I have been laughed at by very intelligent
Turks, when I ventured to persuade them that great Nature’s laws do not
care about troubles here below.”—Vide Turkish correspondence of
The Herald, Aug. 25, 1853.

“The comet which has lately been visible has served a priest not far
from Warsaw with materials for a very curious sermon. After having
summoned his congregation together, although it was neither Sunday nor
festival, and shown them the comet, he informed them that this was the
same star that had appeared to the Magi at the birth of our Saviour, and
that it was only visible now in the Russian empire. Its appearance on
this occasion was to intimate to the Russian eagle, that the time was now
come for it to spread out its wings, and embrace all mankind in one
orthodox and sanctifying church. He showed them the star now standing
immediately over Constantinople, and explained that the dull light of the
nucleus indicated its sorrow at the delay of the Russian army in
proceeding to its destination.”—Vide Berlin correspondence of
The Times.

W. W.

Malta.

THE OLD ENGLISH WORD “BELIKE.”

The word belike, much used by old writers, but now almost
obsolete, even among the poor, seems to have been but very imperfectly
understood—as far as regards its original meaning and derivation.
Most persons understand it to be equivalent, or nearly so, to very
likely, in all likelihood, perhaps, or, ironically,
forsooth; and in that {359}opinion they are not far wrong. It occurs
in this sense in numerous passages in Shakspeare; for instance:

Such also was Johnson’s opinion of the word, for he represents it to
be “from like, as by likelihood;” and assigns to it the
meanings of “probably, likely, perhaps.” However, I venture to say, in
opposition to so great an authority, that there is no immediate connexion
whatever between the words belike and likely, with the
exception of the accidental similarity in the syllable like.

We find three different meanings attached to the same form like
in English, viz. like, similis; to like, i. e. to be
pleased with; and the present word belike, whose real meaning I
propose to explain.

The first is from the A.-S. lic, gelic; Low Germ.
lick; Dutch gelyk; Dan. lig (which is said to take
its meaning from lic, a corpse, i. e. an essence), which word
also forms our English termination –ly, sometimes preserving its
old form like; as manly or manlike, Godly or
Godlike; A.-S. werlic, Godlic; to which the Teut.
adjectival termination lich is analogous.

The second form, to like, i. e. to be pleased with, is quite
distinct from the former (though it has been thought akin to it on the
ground that simili similis placet); and is derived from the A.-S.
lician, which is from lic, or lac, a gift; Low Germ.
licon; Dutch lyken.

The third form, the compound term belike (mostly used
adverbially) is from the A.-S. licgan, belicgan, which
means, to lie by, near, or around; to attend, accompany; Low Germ. and
Dutch, liggen; Germ. liegen. In the old German, we have
licken, ligin, liggen—jacere; and
geliggen—se habere; which last seems to be the exact
counterpart of our old English belike; and this it was which first
suggested to me what I conceive to be its true meaning. We find the
simple and compound words in juxtaposition in Otfridi Evang., lib.
i. cap. 23. 110. in vol. i. p. 221. of Schilter’s Thes. Teut.:

On which Schilter remarks:

“Zi thiu’z nu sar giligge quomodo se res habeat, hodie standi
verbo utimur,—wie es stehe, zustehe.”

We thus see that the radical meaning of the word belike is to
lie or be near, to attend; from which it came to express the simple
condition, or state of a thing: and it is in this latter sense
that the word is used as an adverbial or rather an interjectional
expression, when it may be rendered, it may be so, so it
is, is it so, &c. Sometimes ironically, sometimes
expressing chance, &c.; in the course of time it became superseded by
the more modern term perhaps. Instances of similar elliptical
expressions are common at the present day, and will readily suggest
themselves: the modern please, used for entreaty, is
analogous.

It is not a little singular that this account of the word
belike enables us to understand a passage in Macbeth, which
has been unintelligible to all the commentators and readers of Shakspeare
down to the present day. I allude to the following, which stands in my
first folio, Act IV. Sc. 3., thus:

Now it is not easy to see why Malcolm should wish that “chance” should
“be like,” i. e. similar to, their “warranted quarrel;” inasmuch
as that quarrel was most unfortunate and disastrous. Chance is either
fortunate or unfortunate. The epithet just, which might apply to
the quarrel in question, is utterly irreconcilable with chance.
Still this sense has pleased the editors, and they have made “of
goodnesse” a precatory and interjectional expression. Surely it is far
more probable that the poet wrote belike (belicgan,
geliggen) as one word, and that the meaning of the passage is
simply “May good fortune attend our enterprise.” Mr.
Collier’s old corrector passes over this difficulty in silence,
doubtless owing to the circumstance that the word was well understood in
his time.

I have alluded to the word like as expressive in the English
language of three distinct ideas, and in the A.-S. of at least four; is
it not possible that these meanings, which, as we find the words used,
are undoubtedly widely distinct, having travelled to us by separate
channels, may nevertheless have had originally one and the same source? I
should be glad to elicit the opinion of some one of your more learned
correspondents as to whether the unused Hebrew ילן may not be that source.

H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford.

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DRUSES.

Comparing the initiatory undertaking or covenant of the Druses, as
represented by Col. Churchill in his very important disclosures
(Lebanon, ii. 244.), with the original Arabic, and the German
translation of Eichhorn (Repertorium für Bibl. und Morgenland,
lib. xii. 222.), I find that the following additions made by Col.
Churchill (or De Sacy, whom he follows) are not in the Arabic, but appear
to be glosses or amplifications. For example:

“I put my trust and confidence in our Lord Hakem, the One, the
Eternal, without attribute and without number.”

“That in serving Him he will serve no other, whether past, present, or
to come.”

“To the observance of which he sacredly binds himself by the present
contract and engagement, should he ever reveal the least portion of it to
others.”

“The most High, King of Kings, [the creator] of the heaven and the
earth.”

“Mighty and irresistible [force].”

Col. Churchill, although furnishing the amplest account which has yet
appeared of the Druse religion, secretly held under the colour of
Mahometanism, has referred very sparingly to the catechisms of this sect,
which, being for the especial instruction of the two degrees of
monotheists, constitute the most authentic source of accurate knowledge
of their faith and practices, and which are to be found in the original
Arabic, with a German translation in Eichhorn’s Repertorium (xii.
155. 202.). In the same work (xiv. 1., xvii. 27.), Bruns (Kennicott’s
colleague) has furnished from Abulfaragius a biography of the Hakem; and Adler (xv. 265.) has extracted, from various
oriental sources, historical notices of the founder of the Druses.

The subject is peculiarly interesting at the present juncture, as it
is probable that the Chinese religious movement, partaking of a peculiar
kind of Christianity, may have originated amongst the Druses, who appear
from Col. Churchill to have been in expectation of some such movement in
India or China in connexion with a re-appearance of the Hakem.

T. J. Buckton.

Birmingham.

FOLK LORE.

Legends of the County Clare.—How Ussheen
(Ossian) visited the Land of “Thiernah Ogieh”
(the Country of perpetual Youth).—Once upon a time, when
Ussheen was in the full vigour of his youth, it happened that, fatigued
with the chace, and separated from his companions, he stretched himself
under a tree to rest, and soon fell asleep. “Awaking with a start,” he
saw a lady, richly clothed and of more than mortal beauty, gazing on him;
nor was it long until she made him understand that a warmer feeling than
mere curiosity had attracted her; nor was Ussheen long in responding to
it. The lady then explained that she was not of mortal birth, and that he
who wooed an immortal bride must be prepared to encounter dangers such as
would appal the ordinary race of men. Ussheen, without hesitation,
declared his readiness to encounter any foe, mortal or immortal, that
might be opposed to him in her service. The lady then declared herself to
be the queen of “Thiernah Ogieh,” and invited him to accompany her
thither and share her throne. They then set out on their journey, one in
all respects similar to that undertaken by Thomas the Rhymer and the
queen of Faerie, and having overcome all obstacles, arrived at “the land
of perpetual youth,” where all the delights of the terrestrial paradise
were thrown open to Ussheen, to be enjoyed with only one restriction. A
broad flat stone was pointed out to him in one part of the palace garden,
on which he was forbidden to stand, under penalty of the heaviest
misfortune. One day, however, finding himself near the fatal stone, the
temptation to stand on it became irresistible, and he yielded to it, and
immediately found himself in full view of his native land, the existence
of which he had forgotten from the moment he had entered the kingdom of
Thiernah Ogieh. But alas! how was it changed from that country he had
left only a few days since, for “the strong had become weak,” and “the
brave become cowards,” while oppression and violence held undisputed sway
through land. Overcome with grief, he hastened to the the queen to beg
that he might be restored to his country without delay, that he might
endeavour to apply some remedy to its misfortunes. The queen’s prophetic
skill made her aware of Ussheen’s transgression of her commands before he
spoke, and she exerted all her persuasive powers to prevail upon him to
give up his desire to return to Erin, but in vain. She then asked him how
long he supposed he had been absent from his native land, and on his
answering “thrice seven days,” she amazed him by declaring that three
times thrice seven years had elapsed since his arrival at the kingdom of
Thiernah Ogieh; and though Time had no power to enter that land, it would
immediately assert its dominion over him if he left it. At length she
persuaded him to promise that he would return to his country for only one
day, and then come back to dwell with her for ever; and she gave him a
jet-black horse of surpassing beauty, from whose back she charged him on
no account to alight, or at all events not to allow the bridle to fall
from his hand. She farther endued him with wisdom and knowledge far
surpassing that of men. Having mounted his fairy steed, he soon found
himself approaching his former home; and as he journeyed he met a man
{361}driving before him a horse, across whose
back was thrown a sack of corn: the sack having fallen a little to one
side, the man asked Ussheen to assist him in balancing it properly;
Ussheen instantly stooped from his horse, and catching the sack in his
right hand, gave it such a heave that it fell over on the other side.
Annoyed at his mistake, he forgot the injunctions of his bride, and
sprung from his horse to lift the sack from the ground, letting the
bridle fall from his hand at the same time: instantly the horse struck
fire from the ground with his hoofs, and uttering a neigh louder than
thunder, vanished; at the same instant his curling locks fell from
Ussheen’s head, darkness closed over his beaming eyes, the more than
mortal strength forsook his limbs, and, a feeble helpless old man, he
stretched forth his hands seeking some one to lead him: but the mental
gifts bestowed on him by his immortal bride did not leave him, and,
though unable to serve his countrymen with his sword, he bestowed upon
them the advice and instruction which flowed from wisdom greater than
that of mortals.

Francis Robert Davies.

SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.

On “Run-awayes” in Romeo and Juliet.—

Your readers will no doubt exclaim, is not this question already
settled for ever, if not by Mr. Singer’s
substitution of rumourer’s, at least by that of R. H. C., viz.
rude day’s? I must confess that I thought the former so good, when
it first appeared in these pages, that nothing more was wanted; yet this
is surpassed by the suggestion of R. H. C. As conjectural emendations,
they may rank with any that Shakspeare’s text has been favoured with; in
short, the poet might undoubtedly have written either the one or the
other.

But this is not the question. The question is, did he write the
passage as it stands in the first folio, which I have copied above?
Subsequent consideration has satisfied me that he did. I find the
following passage in the Merchant of Venice, Act II. Sc. 6.:

Is it very difficult to believe that the poet who called the departing
night a run-away would apply the same term to the
day under similar circumstances?

Surely the first folio is a much more correctly printed book than many
of Shakspeare’s editors and critics would have us believe.

H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford.

The Word “clamour” in “The Winter’s Tale.”—Mr. Keightley complains (Vol viii., p. 241.) that some
observations of mine (p. 169.) on the word clamour, in The
Winter’s Tale, are precisely similar to his own in Vol. vii., p. 615.
Had they been so in reality, I presume our Editor would not have inserted
them; but I think they contain something farther, suggesting, as they do,
the A.-S. origin of the word, and going far to prove that our modern
calm, the older clame, the Shakspearian clamour, the
more frequent clem, Chaucer’s clum, &c., all of them
spring from the same source, viz. the A.-S. clam or clom,
which means a band, clasp, bandage, chain, prison; from which substantive
comes the verb clæmian, to clam, to stick or glue together, to
bind, to imprison.

If I passed over in silence those points on which Mr.
Keightley and myself agreed, I need scarcely assure him that it
was for the sake of brevity, and not from any want of respect to him.

I may remark, by the way, on a conjecture of Mr.
Keightley’s (Vol. vii., p. 615.), that perhaps, in Macbeth,
Act V. Sc. 5., Shakspeare might have written “till famine clem
thee,” and not, as it stands in the first folio, “till famine
cling thee,” that he is indeed, as he says, “in the region of
conjecture:” cling is purely A.-S., as he will find in Bosworth,
“Clingan, to wither, pine, to cling or shrink up; marcescere.”

H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford.

Three Passages in “Measure for Measure.“—H. C. K. has a
treacherous memory, or rather, what I believe to be the truth, he, like
myself, has not a complete Shakspeare apparatus. Collier’s first edition surely cannot be in his
library, or he would have known that Warburton, long ago, read
seared for feared, and that the same word appears in Lord
Ellesmere’s copy of the first folio, the correction having been made, as
Mr. Collier remarks, while the sheet was at
press. I however assure H. C. K. that I regard his correction as
perfectly original. Still I have my doubts if seared be the poet’s
word, for I have never met it but in connexion with hot iron; and I
should be inclined to prefer sear or sere; but this again
is always physically dry, and not metaphorically so, and I fear
that the true word is not to be recovered.

I cannot consent to go back with H. C. K. to the Anglo-Saxon for a
sense of building, which I do not think it ever bore, at least not
in our poet’s time. His quotation from the “Jewel House,” &c. is not
to the point, for the context shows that “a building word” is a word or
promise that will {362}set me a-building, i. e. writing.
After all I see no difficulty in “the all-building law;” it means
the law that builds, maintains, and repairs the whole social edifice, and
is well suited to Angelo, whose object was to enhance the favour he
proposed to grant.

Again, if H. C. K. had looked at Collier’s
edit., he would have seen that in Act I. Sc. 2., princely is the
reading of the second folio, and not a modern conjecture. If he rejects
this authority, he must read a little farther on perjury for
penury. As to the Italian prenze, I cannot receive it. I
very much doubt Shakspeare’s knowledge of Italian, and am sure that he
would not, if he understood the word, use it as an adjective. Mr. Collier’s famed corrector reads with Warburton
priestly, and substitutes garb for guards, a change
which convinces me (if proof were wanting) that he was only a guesser
like ourselves, for it is plain, from the previous use of the word
living, that guards is the right word.

Thos. Keightley.

Shakspeare’s Works with a Digest of all the Readings (Vol.
viii., pp. 74, 170.).—I fully concur with your correspondent’s
suggestion, and beg to suggest to Mr. Halliwell
that his splendid monograph edition would be greatly improved if he would
undertake the task. As his first volume contains but one play
(Tempest), it may not be too late to adopt the suggestion, so that
every variation of the text (in the briefest possible form) might be seen
at a glance.

Este.

DEATH ON THE FINGERS.

“Isaac saith, I am old, and I know not the day of my death
(Gen. xxvii. 2.); no more doth any, though never so young. As soon
(saith the proverb) goes the lamb’s skin to the market as that of
the old sheep; and the Hebrew saying is, There be as many
young skulls in Golgotha as old; young men may die
(for none have or can make any agreement with the grave, or any covenant
with death, Isa. xxviii. 15. 18.), but old men must die.
‘Tis the grant statute of heaven (Heb. ix. 27.). Senex quasi
seminex, an old man is half dead; yea, now, at fifty years old, we
are accounted three parts dead; this lesson we may learn from our
fingers’ ends, the dimensions whereof demonstrate this to us, beginning
at the end of the little finger, representing our childhood, rising up to
a little higher at the end of the ring-finger, which betokens our youth;
from it to the top of the middle finger, which is the highest point of
our elevated hand, and so most aptly represents our middle age, when we
come to our ακμὴ, or height of stature and strength;
then begins our declining age, from thence to the end of our forefinger
which amounts to a little fall, but from thence to the end of the thumb
there is a great fall, to show, when man goes down (in his old age) he
falls fast and far, and breaks (as we say) with a witness. Now, if our
very fingers’ end do read us such a divine lecture of mortality, oh, that
we could take it out, and have it perfect (as we say) on our fingers’
end, &c.

“To old men death is præ januis, stands before their door,
&c. Old men have (pedem in cymbâ Charonis) one foot in the
grave already; and the Greek word γήρων (an old man) is derived from
παρὰ
το εἰς γὴν
ορᾶν, which signifies a looking towards the
ground; decrepit age goes stooping and grovelling, as groaning to the
grave. It doth not only expect death, but oft solicits it.”—Christ.
Ness’s Compleat History and Mystery of the Old and New Test., fol.
Lond. 1690, chap. xii. p. 227.

From The Barren Tree, a sermon on Luke xiii. 7., preached at
Paul’s Cross, Oct. 26, 1623, by Thos. Adams:

“Our bells ring, our chimneis smoake, our fields rejoice, our children
dance, ourselues sing and play, Jovis omnia plena. But when
righteousnesse hath sowne and comes to reape, here is no haruest; οὐκ
εὐρίσκω, I finde none.
And as there was neuer lesse wisdome in Greece then in time of the Seven
Wise Men, so neuer lesse pietie among vs, then now, when vpon good cause
most is expected. When the sunne is brightest the stars be darkest: so
the cleerer our light, the more gloomy our life with the deeds of
darkness. The Cimerians, that live in a perpetuall mist, though they deny
a sunne, are not condemned of impietie; but Anaxogoras, that saw the
sunne and yet denied it, is not condemned of ignorance, but of impietie.
Former times were like Leah, bleare-eyed, but fruitful; the present, like
Rachel, faire, but barren. We give such acclamation to the Gospell, that
we quite forget to observe the law. As vpon some solenne festivall, the
bells are rung in all steeples, but then the clocks are tyed vp: there is
a great vntun’d confusion and clangor, but no man knowes how the time
passeth. So in this vniuersall allowance of libertie by the Gospell
(which indeed rejoyceth our hearts, had we the grace of sober vsage), the
clocks that tel vs how the time passes, Truth and Conscience, that show
the bounded vse and decent forme of things, are tyed vp, and cannot be
heard. Still Fructum non invenio, I finde no fruits. I am sorry to
passe the fig-tree in this plight: but as I finde it, so I must leave it,
till the Lord mend it.”—Pp. 39, 40., 4to. Lond. 1623.

Balliolensis.

Minor Notes.

On a “Custom of y^e Englyshe.“—When a more than
ordinarily doubtful matter is offered us for credence, we are apt to
inquire of the teller if he “sees any green” in our optics, accompanying
the query by an elevation of the right eyelid with the forefinger. Now,
regarding this merely as a “fast” custom, I marvelled greatly at finding
a similar action noted by worthy Master Blunt, as conveying to his mind
an analogous meaning. I can scarcely credit its antiquity; but what other
meaning can I understand from the episode he {363}relates? He had been
trying to pass himself off as a native, but—

“The third day, in the morning, I, prying up and down alone, met a
Turke, who, in Italian, told me—Ah! are you an Englishman, and with
a kind of malicious posture laying his forefinger under his eye,
methought he had the lookes of a designe.”—Voyage in the Levant,
performed by Mr. Henry Blunt, p. 60.: Lond. 1650.

—a silent, but expressive, “posture,” tending to eradicate any
previously formed opinion of the verdantness of Mussulmans!

R. C. Warde.

Kidderminster.

Epitaph at Crayford.—I send the following lines, if you
think them worthy an insertion in your Epitaphiana: a friend saw them in
the churchyard of Crayford, Kent.

“To the Memory of Peter Izod, who was
thirty-five years clerk of this parish, and always proved himself a pious
and mirthful man.

“The life of this clerk was just three score and ten,

During half of which time he had sung out Amen.

He married when young, like other young men;

His wife died one day, so he chaunted Amen.

A second he took, she departed,—what then?

He married, and buried a third with Amen.

Thus his joys and his sorrows were treble, but then

His voice was deep bass, as he chaunted Amen.

On the horn he could blow as well as most men,

But his horn was exalted in blowing Amen.

He lost all his wind after threescore and ten,

And here with three wives he waits till again

The trumpet shall rouse him to sing out Amen.”

Tradition reports these verses to have been composed by some curate of
the parish.

Quæstor.

The Font at Islip.—

“In the garden is placed a relic of some interest—the font in
which it is said King Edward the Confessor was baptised at Islip. The
block of stone in which the basin of immersion is excavated, is unusually
massy. It is of an octangular shape, and the outside is adorned by
tracery work. The interior diameter of the basin is thirty inches, and
the depth twenty. The whole, with the pedestal, which is of a piece with
the rest, is five feet high, and bears the following imperfect
inscription:

‘This sacred Font Saint Edward first receavd,

From Womb to Grace, from Grace to Glory went,

His virtuous life. To this fayre Isle beqveth’d,

Prase … and to vs but lent.

Let this remaine, the Trophies of his Fame,

A King baptizd from hence a Saint became.’

“Then is inscribed:

‘This Fonte came from the Kings Chapell in Islip.'”—Extracted from the Beauties of England and Wales, title “Oxfordshire,” p. 454.

In the gardens at Kiddington there—

“was an old font wherein it is said Edward the Confessor was baptized,
being brought thither from an old decayed chapel at Islip (the
birth-place of that religious prince), where it had been put up to an
indecent use, as well as the chapel.”—Extracted from The English
Baronets, being a Historical and Genealogical Account of their
Families, published 1727.

The Viscounts Montague, and consequently the Brownes of Kiddington,
traced their descent from this king through Joan de Beaufort, daughter of
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.

C. B.

“As good as a Play.“—I note this very ordinary phrase as
having royal origin or, at least, authority. It was a remark of King
Charles II., when he revived a practice of his predecessors, and attended
the sittings of the House of Lords.

The particular occasion was the debate, then interesting to him, on
Lord Roos’ Divorce Bill.

W. T. M.

Hong Kong.

Queries.

LOVETT OF ASTWELL.

It is stated in all the pedigrees of this family which I have seen,
that Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in Northamptonshire, who died in
1542, married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter (Burke calls her
“heir,” Extinct Baronetage, p. 110.) of John Boteler, Esq., of
Woodhall Watton, in Hertfordshire. The pedigree of the Botelers in
Clutterbuck’s Hertfordshire (vol. ii. p. 476.) does not notice
this marriage, nor is there any distinct allusion to it in the wills of
either family. Thomas Lovett’s will, dated 20th November, 1542, and
proved on the following 19th January, does not contain the name of
Boteler. (Testamenta Vetusta, vol. ii. p. 697.) His father Thomas
Lovett, indeed, in his will dated 29th October, 7 Henry VII., and proved
28th January, 1492 (Test. Vetust., vol. ii. p. 410.), bequeaths to
Isabel Lovett and Margaret, his daughters, “Cl. which John Boteler
oweth me,” but he refers to no relationship between the families. Again,
“John Butteler, Esquier,” by his will, dated 7th September, 1513, and
proved at Lambeth 11th July, 1515, appoints “his most gracious Maister,
Maister Thomas Louett,” to be supervisor of his will, and bequeaths to
him “a Sauterbook as a poore remembraunce;” but he alludes to no
marriage, nor does he mention a daughter Elizabeth. This John Boteler is
said by Clutterbuck to have married three wives: 1. Katherine, daughter
of Thomas Acton; 2. Margaret, daughter of Henry Belknap, who died 18th
August, 1513; 3. Dorothy, daughter of William Tyrrell, Esq., of Gipping
in Suffolk: the last-mentioned was the mother of his heir, Sir Philip
Boteler, Kt.; but I can nowhere find who was the mother of the son
Richard, and the daughters Mary and Joyce mentioned in his will, {364}or of
Thomas Lovett’s wife. I cannot help fancying that Elizabeth Lovett was
his only child by one of his wives, and was perhaps heir to her mother.
Can one of your contributors bring forward any authority to confirm or
disprove this conjecture? Whilst I am speaking of the Lovett pedigree, I
would also advert to two other contradictions in the popular accounts of
it. That most inaccurate of books, Betham’s Baronetage, vol. v. p.
517., says, Giles Pulton, Esq., of Desborough, married Anne, daughter of
Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell: the same author, vol. i. p. 299., calls
her Catherine; which is correct? Neither Anne nor Catherine is mentioned
in Thomas Lovett the Elder’s will (Test. Vetust., vol. ii. p.
410). Again, Betham, Burke, and Bridges (History of
Northamptonshire, “Astwell”) have rolled out Thomas Lovett into two
persons, and in fact have made him appear the son of his second wife Joan
Billinge, who was not the ancestress of the Lovetts of Astwell at all.
Nor was it possible she could be; for Thomas Lovett, in his will, dated
1492, speaks of her as “Joan, my wife, late the wife of John Hawys, one
of the Justices of the Common Pleas.” Now this John Hawys was living in
1487, and Lovett’s son and heir, Thomas, was seventeen years old in 1492.
The abstract of Lovett’s will in the Test. Vetust., calling Thomas
Lovett the Younger “my son and heir by the said Joan my wife,” must
therefore be manifestly incorrect. I will not apologise for the
minuteness of this account, as I believe the correction of detail in
published pedigrees to be one of the most valuable features of “N. &
Q.;” but I am almost ashamed of the length of my communication, which I
hope some of your readers may throw light upon.

Tewars.

OATHS.

The very remarkable distinction between the manner in which English
and Welsh witnesses take the book at the time when they are sworn, has
often struck me. An English witness always takes the book with his
fingers under, and his thumb at the top of the book. A Welsh witness, on
the contrary, takes it with his fingers at the top, and his thumb under
the book. How has this singular difference arisen? I am inclined to
suggest that originally the oath was taken by merely laying the hand on
the top of the book, without kissing it. Lord Coke (3 Inst. 165.)
says, “It is called a corporal oath, because he toucheth with his hand
some part of the Holy Scripture.” And Jacob (L. D., “Oath”), says
it is so called “because the witness, when he swears, lays his right
hand upon, and toucheth the Holy Evangelists.” And Lord Hale (2
H. P. C. 279.) says, “The regular oath, as is allowed by the laws
of England, is ‘Tactis sacrosanctis Dei Evangeliis’,” and in case of a
Jew, “Tacto libro legis Mosaicæ:” and, if I rightly remember, the oath as
administered in the Latin form at Oxford concludes: “Ita te Deus adjuvet,
tactis sacrosanctis Christi Evangeliis.” In none of these instances does
kissing the book appear to be essential. Whereas the present form used in
the Courts is, “So help you God, kiss the book;” but still the witness is
always required to touch the book with his hand, and he is never
permitted to hold the book with his hand in a glove. When then did the
practice of kissing the book originate? And how happens it that the Welsh
and English take the book in the hand in the different manners I have
described?

C. S. G.

THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.

Powerful as this extraordinary agent has become, and incalculably
useful as its operation is now found to be, it would appear that the
principle of the electric telegraph and its modus operandi, almost
identically as at present, were known and described upwards of a century
ago. On the occasion of a late visit to Robert Baird, Esq., of
Auchmeddan, at his residence, Cadder House, near Glasgow, my attention
was called by that gentleman to a letter initialed C. M., dated Renfrew,
Feb. 15, 1753, and published that year in the Scots Magazine, vol.
xv. p. 73., where the writer not only suggests electricity as a medium
for conveying messages and signals, but details with singular minuteness
the method of opening and maintaining lingual communication between
remote points, a method which, with only few improvements, has now been
so eminently successful. It is usual to attribute this wonderful
discovery to the united labours of Mr. W. F. Cooke and Professor
Wheatstone, but has any one acknowledged the contribution of C. M., and
can any of the learned correspondents of “N. & Q.” inform me who he
was?

Inquirendo.

Glasgow.

Minor Queries.

Queries relating to the Porter Family.—Above the
inscription on the tablet erected by a devoted friend to the memory of
this highly-gifted family in Bristol Cathedral, is a medallion of a
portcullis surrounded by the word AGINCOURT,
and surmounted by the date 1415.—What connexion is there between
Agincourt^[2] and
the Porter family?

{365}

Did Sir R. K. Porter write on account of Sir John Moore’s campaign in
the Peninsula?—What is the title of the book, and where can it be
procured?^[3]

Who was Charles Lempriere Porter (who died Feb. 14, 1831, aged
thirty-one), mentioned on the Porter tombstone in St. Paul’s churchyard
at Bristol?—Who was Phœbe, wife of Dr. Porter, who died Feb.
20, 1845, aged seventy-nine, and whose name also occurs on this
stone?

Did this family (which is now supposed to be extinct) claim descent
from Endymion Porter, the loyal and devoted adherent of King Charles the
Martyr?

D. Y. N.

Lord Ball of Bagshot.—Coryat, in his Crudities,
vol. ii. p. 471., edit. 1776, tells us that at St. Gewere, near
Ober-Wesel—

“There hangeth an yron collar fastened in the wall, with one linke fit
to be put upon a man’s neck, without any manner of hurt to the party that
weareth it.

“This collar doth every stranger and freshman, the first time that he
passeth that way, put upon his neck, which he must weare so long standing
till he hath redeemed himself with a competent measure of wine.”

Coryat submitted himself to the collar “for novelty sake,” and he
adds:

“This custome doth carry some kinde of affinity with certain sociable
ceremonies that wee have in a place of England, which are performed by
that most reuerend Lord Ball of Bagshot, in Hampshire, who doth
with many, and indeed more solemne, rites inuest his brothers of his
vnhallowed chappell of Basingstone (Basingstoke?) (as all our men of the
westerne parts of England do know by deare experience to the smart of
their purses), to these merry burgomaisters of Saint Gewere vse to
do.”

Will any of your readers state whether the custom is remembered in
Hampshire, and afford explanation as to the most Rev. Lord Ball? The
writers that I have referred to are silent, and I do not find mention of
the custom in the pages of Mr. Urban.

J. H. M.

Marcarnes.—In Guillim’s Display of Heraldry (6th
edit., London, 1724), sect. 2. chap. v. p. 32., occurs the following
description of a coat of arms: “Marcarnes, vaire, a pale,
sable.”

There is no reference to a Heralds’ Visitation, or to the locality in
which resided the family bearing this name and coat. It is only mentioned
as an instance among many others of the pale in heraldry. I have searched
many heraldic books, as well as copies of Heralds’ Visitations, but
cannot find the name elsewhere. Will any herald advise me how to proceed
farther in tracing it?

G. R. M.

The Claymore.—What is the original weapon to which
belongs the name of claymore (claidh mhor)? Is it the two-handed
sword, or the basket-hilted two-edged sword now bearing the
appellation? Is the latter kind of sword peculiar to Scotland? They are
frequently to be met with in this part of the country. One was found a
few years since plunged up to the hilt in the earth on the Cotswold
Hills. It was somewhat longer than the Highland broadsword, but exactly
similar to a weapon which I have seen, and which belonged to a Lowland
Whig gentleman slain at Bothwell Bridge. If these swords be exclusively
Scottish, may they not be relics of the unhappy defeat at Worcester?

Francis John Scott.

Tewkesbury.

Sir William Chester, Kt.—It is said of this gentleman in
all the Baronetages, that “he was a great benefactor to the city of
London in the time of Edward VI., and that he became so strictly
religious, that for a considerable time before his death he retired from
all business, entered himself a fellow-commoner at Cambridge, lived there
some years’ and was reputed a learned man.” Did he take any degree at
Cambridge, and to what college or hall did he belong? Must there not be
some records in the University which will yield this information? I
observe the “Graduati Cantabrigienses” only commence in 1659 in the
printed list; but there must be older lists than this at Cambridge.
Collins mentions that he was so conspicuous in his zeal for the Reformed
religion, that he ran great risk of his life in Queen Mary’s reign, and
that one of his servants was burnt in Smithfield. Can any one inform me
of his authority for this statement?

Tewars.

Canning on the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and Great
Britain.—When and under what circumstances did Canning use the
following words?—

“The results of this treaty [of 1824 between England and Holland, to
regulate their respective interests in the East Indies] were an admission
of the principles of free trade. A line of demarcation was drawn,
separating our territories from theirs, and ridding them of their
settlements on the Indian continent. All these objects are now attained.
We have obtained Sincapore, we have got a free trade, and in return we
have given up Bencoolen.”

Where are these words to be found, and what is the title of the
English paper called by the {366}French Courier du
Commerce?—From the Navorscher.

L. D. S.

Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant.—”And Ireland, like a
bastinadoed elephant, kneeled to receive her rider.” This sentence is
ascribed by Lord Byron to the Irish orator Curran. Diligent search
through his speeches, as published in the United States, has been
unsuccessful in finding it. Can any of your readers “locate it,” as we
say in the backwoods of America? A bastinado properly is a punishment
inflicted by beating the soles of the feet: such a flagellation could not
very conveniently be administered to an elephant. The figure, if used by
Curran, has about it the character of an elephantine bull.

Philadelphia.

Memorial Lines by Thomas Aquinas.—

“Thomas Aquinas summed up, in a quaint tetrastic, twelve causes which
might found sentences of nullity, of repudiation, or of the two kinds of
divorce; to which some other, as monkish as himself, added two more
lines, increasing the causes to fourteen, and to these were afterwards
added two more. The former are [here transcribed from] the note:

‘Error, conditio, votum, cognatio, crimen,

Cultûs disparitas, vis, ordo, ligamen, honestas,

Si sis affinis, si forte cöire nequibis,

Si parochi, et duplicis desit præsentia testis,

Raptave si mulier, parti nec reddita tutæ;

Hæc facienda vetant connubia, facta retractant.'”—From Essay on Scripture Doctrines of Adultery and Divorce, by H. V. Tabbs, 8vo.: Lond. 1822.

The subject was proposed, and a prize of fifty pounds awarded to this
essay, by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Diocese
of St. David’s in 1821. This appears to me to have been a curious
application of its funds by such a society. Can any of your readers
explain it?

Balliolensis.

“Johnson’s turgid style“—”What does not
fade?”—Can any of your readers tell me where to find the
following lines?

And

A. F. B.

Meaning of “Lane,” &c.—By what process of development
could the Anglo-Saxon laen (i. e. the English word
lane, and the Scottish loaning) have obtained its present
meaning, which answers to that of the limes of the Roman
agrimensores?

What is considered to be the English measurement of the Roman
juger, and the authorities for such measurement?

What is the measurement of the Anglo-Saxon hyde, and the
authorities for such measurement?

H.

Theobald le Botiller.—What Theobald le Botiller did Rose
de Vernon marry? See Vernon, in Burke’s Extinct Peerage; Butler,
in Lynch’s Feudal Dignities; and the 2nd Butler (Ormond), in
Lodge’s Peerage.

Y. S. M.

William, fifth Lord Harrington.—Did William, fifth Lord
Harrington, marry Margaret Neville (see Burke’s Extinct Peerage)
or Lady Catherine Courtenay? The latter is given in Burke’s Peerage
and Baronetage, in Sir John Harrington’s pedigree.

Y. S. M.

Singular Discovery of a Cannon-ball.—A heavy cannon-shot,
I should presume a thirty-two pound ball, was found embedded in a large
tree, cut down some years since on the estate of J. W. Martin, Esq., at
Showborough, in the parish of Twyning, Gloucestershire. There was never
till quite lately any house of importance on the spot, nor is there any
trace of intrenchments to be discovered. The tree stood at some distance
from the banks of the Avon, and on the other side of that river runs the
road from Tewkesbury through Bredon to Pershore. The ball in question is
marked with the broad arrow. From whence and at what period was the shot
fired?

Francis John Scott.

Tewkesbury.

Scottish Castles.—It is a popular belief, and quoted
frequently in the Statistical Account of Scotland, and other works
referring to Scottish affairs, that the fortresses of Edinburgh Castle,
Stirling Castle, Dumbarton Castle, Blackness Castle, were appointed by
the Articles of Union between England and Scotland to be kept in repair
and garrisoned. Can any of your readers refer to the foundation for this
statement? for no reference in to be found to the subject in the Articles
of Union.

Scrymzeour.

Edinburgh.

Sneezing.—Concerning sneezing, it is a curious
circumstance that if any one should sneeze in company in North Germany,
those present will say, “Your good health;” in Vienna, gentlemen in a
café will take off their hats, and say, “God be with you” and in
Ireland Paddy will say, “God bless your honour,” or “Long life to your
honour.” I understand that in Italy and Spain similar expressions are
used and I think I remember {367}hearing, that in Bengal the natives make a
“salam” on these occasions.

There is also, I believe, a popular idea among some of sneezing having
some connexion with Satanic agency; and I lately met with a case where a
peculiar odour was invariably distinguishable by two sisters, on a
certain individual violently sneezing.

I shall be very much obliged if any of your readers can furnish me
with any facts, theories, or popular ideas upon this subject.

Medicus.

Spenser’s “Fairy Queen.”—Allow me to employ an interval
of leisure, after a visit to the remains of Kilcolman Castle, in
inquiring whether any of your Irish readers can afford information
respecting the existence of the long missing books of the Fairy
Queen? Mrs. Hall, in her work on Ireland (vol. i. pp. 93, 94.), says
that—

“More than mere rumour exists for believing that the lost books have
been preserved, and that the MS. was in the possession of a Captain
Garrett Nagle within the last forty years.”

W. L. N.

Buttevant, co. Cork.

Poema del Cid.—Is there any edition of the Poema del
Cid besides the one published by Sanchez (Poesias Castellanas
anteriores al siglo XV.), and reprinted by Ochoa, and appended
likewise to an edition of Ochoa’s Tesoro de los Romanceros,
&c., published at Barcelona in 1840? I shall feel obliged by being
referred to an edition in a detached form, with glossary and notes, if
such there be.

J. M. B.

The Brazen Head.—As upon two former occasions, through
the useful and interesting pages of “N. & Q.,” have been enabled to
obtain information which I could procure in no other way, I am glad to
have an opportunity of recording the obligations I myself, like many
more, am under to “N. & Q.,” and to some of your talented and kindly
correspondents. Being anxious still farther to trespass upon your space,
I take this opportunity of alike thanking you and them.—Could any
reader of “N. & Q.” inform me whether more than two numbers of The
Brazen Head were ever published? Through the great courtesy of
talented correspondent of “N. & Q.” from Worcester, I have the first
two; but I am anxious, for a literary purpose, to ascertain
whether the publication was continued after.

A. F. A. W.

Minor Queries with Answers.

“The Basilics.“—What is the manuscript called the
“Basilics” in the following passage, which occurs in a cotemporary MS.,
“Memoirs of the Life of the Right Hon. John Lord Scudamore, Viscount
Sligo in Ireland,” in the library of P. Howard, Esq., at Corby Castle? Is
it known where it is now preserved?

Have these memoirs been printed? Lord S. was born in 1600, and was
ambassador to France when this circumstance occurred.

“There having been intelligence given to his Excellence by that
renowned person, and his then great acquaintance, Mons. Grotius, lieger
in Paris for the crown of Sweden, of a very valuable manuscript of many
volumes, being the body of the civil law in Greek, commonly called the
‘Basilics,’ in the hands of the heirs of the famous lawyer lately
deceased, Petrus Faber,—desirous to enrich his country with this
treasure, he transacted and agreed with the possessors for the price of
it, which was no less than 500l. But when it should have been
delivered, and the money was ready to be paid down, Cardinal Richelieu
(the great French minister of state at that time) having notice of the
transaction interposed, and forbad the going on upon the contract, as
thinking it would have been a diminution to their nation to permit such a
prize to come into the hands of strangers, and by their charge and labour
be communicated to the world.”

W. C. Trevelyan.

Wallington.

Fire at Honiton.—I am solicitous to learn the particulars
of a fire which occurred at Honiton, in Devonshire, in the year 1765,
when the chapel and school-house were burned down, and the former
thereupon rebuilt by collections under a brief.

In a review of Mr. Digby Wyatt’s “Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth
Century” (in the Athenæum for June 18th of the current year),
reference is made by Mrs. Treadwin of Exeter to “a book mentioning
two great fires which occurred in 1756 and 1767 in Honiton,” but it is
not stated who was the author of that book. {368}

Can you or any of your readers furnish me with the title of the
book intended, or direct me to any other sources of information on the
subject of the Honiton fires?

S. T.

Michaelmas Goose.—The following little inconsistency in a
commonly-received tradition has led me, at the request of a large party
of well-read and literary friends, to request your solution of the
difficulty in an early Number of your paper.

It is currently reported, and nine men in ten will tell you, if you
ask them the reason why goose is always eaten on the 29th Sept.,
Michaelmas Day, that Queen Elizabeth was eating goose when the news of
the destruction of the Invincible Armada was brought, and she immediately
put down her knife and fork, and said, “From this day forth let all
British-born subjects eat goose on this day.”

Now in Creasy’s Battles it is stated that the Spanish fleet was
destroyed in the month of July. How could it then be the 29th of Sept.
when the news of its defeat reached her majesty? If any of your readers
can solve this seeming improbability be will greatly oblige

Michaelmas Day.

Replies.

PORTRAITS OF HOBBES AND LETTERS OF HOLLAR.

(Vol. viii., p. 221.)

Although I cannot answer the question of Sir Walter
Trevelyan, the following notices respecting the portraits of the
Philosopher of Malmesbury may not be unacceptable to him and to those who
hold this distinguished man’s memory in high respect.

That admirable gossip, John Aubrey, who lived in habits of intimacy
with Hobbes, has left us such a lively picture of the man, his person,
and his manners, as to leave nothing to desire. In reading it we cannot
but regret that Aubrey had not been a cotemporary of our great poet,
about whom he has been only able to furnish us with some hearsay
anecdotes.

Aubrey tells us that—

“Sir Charles Scarborough, M.D., Physician to his Royal Highness the
Duke of York, much loved the conversation of Hobbes, and hath a picture
of him (drawne about 1655), under which is this distich:

‘Si quæris de me, mores inquire, sed ille

Qui quærit de me, forsitan alter erit.'”

“In their meeting (i. e. the Royal Society) at Gresham College
is his picture drawne by the life, 1663, by a good hand, which they much
esteeme, and several copies have been taken of it.”

In a note Aubrey says:

“He did me the honour to sit for his picture to Jo. Baptist Caspars,
an excellent painter, and ’tis a good piece. I presented it to the
Society twelve years since.”

In other places he tells us:

“Amongst other of his acquaintance I must not forget Mr. Samuel Cowper
(Cooper), the prince of limners of this last age, who drew his picture as
like as art could afford, and one of the best pieces that ever he did
which his Majesty, at his returne, bought of him, and conserves as one of
his greatest rarities in his closet at Whitehall.”

In a note he adds:

“This picture I intend to be borrowed of his Majesty for Mr. Loggan to
engrave an accurate piece by, which will sell well both at home and
abroad.”

Again he says:

“Mr. S. Cowper (at whose house Hobbes and Sir William Petty often met)
drew his picture twice: the first the King has; the other is yet in the
custody of his (Cooper’s) widowe; but he (Cowper) gave it indeed to me
(and I promised I would give it to the archives at Oxon), but I, like a
fool, did not take possession of it, for something of the garment was not
quite finished, and he died, I being then in the country.”

{369}

This picture is, I believe, now in my possession. It is a small
half-length oil painting, measuring about twelve inches by nine. Hobbes
is represented at an open arch or window, with his book, the Leviathan,
open before him; the dress is, as Aubrey states, unfinished, and beneath
is the remarkable inscription,—

“AUT EGO INSANIO SOLUS: AUT EGO SOLUS NON INSANIO.”

It represents the philosopher at an advanced age, and is conformable
in every respect to the following description of his person:

“In his old age he was very bald, yet within dore he used to study and
sit bareheaded, and said he never tooke cold in his head, but that the
greatest trouble was to keepe off the flies from pitching on the
baldness. His head was of a mallet forme, approved by the physiologers.
His face not very great, ample forehead, yellowish-red whiskers, which
naturally turned up; belowe he was shaved close, except a little tip
under his lip; not but that nature would have afforded him a venerable
beard, but being mostly of a cheerful and pleasant humour, he affected
not at all austerity and gravity, and to look severe. He considered
gravity and heavinesse of countenance not so good marks of assurance of
God’s favour, as a cheerful charitable, and upright behaviour, which are
better signes of religions than the zealous maintaining of controverted
doctrines. He had a good eie, and that of a hazel colour, which was full
of life and spirit, even to his last; when he was in discourse, there
shone (as it were) a bright live coale within it. He had two kinds of
looks; when he laught, was witty, and in a merry humour, one could scarce
see his eies; by and by, when he was serious and earnest, he opened his
eies round his eie-lids: he had middling eies, not very big nor very
little. He was six foote high and something better, and went
indifferently erect, or rather, considering his great age, very
erect.”

Aubrey was one of the patrons of Hollar, of whom he has also given us
some brief but interesting particulars. The two following letters, which
were transcribed by Malone when he contemplated a publication of the
Aubrey papers, deserve preservation; indeed, one of them relates
immediately to the subject of this notice:

“Sir,

“I have now done the picture of Mr. Hobbes, and have showed it to some
of his acquaintance, who say it to be very like; but Stent has deceived
me, and maketh demurr to have it of me; as that at this present my labour
seemeth to be lost, for it lyeth dead by me. However, I returne you many
thankes for lending mee the Principall, and I have halve a dozen copies
for you, and the painting I have delivered to your Messenger who brought
it to mee before.

“Your humble servant,

“W. HOLLAR.

“The 1st of August, 1661.”

“[For Mr. Aubrey.]

“Sir,

“I have beene told this morning that you are in Town, and that you
desire to speak with mee, so I did presently repaire to your Lodging, but
they told mee that you went out at 6 o’clock that morning, and it was
past 7 then. If I could know certaine time when to finde you I would
waite on you. My selve doe lodge without St. Clement’s Inne back doore;
as soon as you come up the steps and out of that doore is the first house
and doore on the left hand, two paire of staires into a little passage
right before you; but I am much abroad, and yet enough at home too.

“Your most humble servant,

W. Hollar.

“If you had occasion to aske for mee of the people of the house, then
you must say the Frenchman Limmner, for they know not my name perfectly,
for reasons sake, otherwise you may goe up directly.”

This minute localising of one of the humble workshops of this
admirable artist may not be unacceptable to Mr. Peter
Cunningham for some future edition of his very interesting
Handbook of London. It may not be amiss to add that Hollar died on
the 25th of March 1677, in the seventieth year of his age and that he was
buried in St. Margaret’s churchyard, Westminster, near the north-west
corner of the tower, but without stone to mark the spot.

S. W. Singer.

Mickleham.

PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.

(Vol. viii., p. 62.)

In the vestry of the fine old priory church at Cartmel, in Lancashire,
there is a good library, chiefly of divinity, consisting of about three
hundred volumes, placed in a commodious room, and kept in nice order.
This small but valuable collection was left to the parish by Thomas
Preston, of Holker, Esq.

There is another in the vestry of the church at Castleton, in
Derbyshire; or rather in a room built expressly to contain then,
adjoining the vestry. They were left to the parish by the Rev. James
Farrer, M.A., who had been vicar of Castleton for about forty-five years,
and consist of about two thousand volumes in good condition, partly
theological and partly miscellaneous, about equally divided, which are
lent to the parishioners at the discretion of the vicar. Mr. Farrer left
behind him a maiden sister, and a brother-in-law Mr. Hamilton, who
resided in Bath; the former of whom erected the room containing the
books, and a vestry at the same time and both considerably augmented the
number of volumes, and made the library what it now is.

Under the chancel of the spacious and venerable parish church of
Halifax, in Yorkshire, are some large rooms upon a level with the lower
part of the churchyard, in one of which is contained a good library of
books. Robert Clay, D.D., vicar of Halifax, who died April 9, 1628, was
buried in this library, which he is said to have built. {370}

In the Rectory House at Whitchurch, in Shropshire, built by Richard
Newcome, D.D., rector of that place, and afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph,
there is a valuable library left as an heirloom by the bequest of Jane,
Countess Dowager of Bridgewater; who, in the year 1707, having purchased
from his executors the library of the Reverend Clement Sankey, D.D.,
rector of Whitchurch, for 305l., left it for ever for the use of
the rectors for the time being. The number of the volumes was 2250:
amongst which are a fine copy of Walton’s Polyglott Bible, some of
the ancient Fathers, and other valuable theological works. This
collection has been subsequently increased by a bequest from the late
Rev. Francis Henry, Earl of Bridgewater (of eccentric memory), rector of
Whitchurch, who by his will, dated in 1825, gave the whole of his own
books in the Rectory House at Whitchurch, to be added to the others, and
left also the sum of 150l. to the rector to be invested in his
name, and the dividends thereof expended by him, together with the money
arising from the sale of his lordship’s wines and liquors in his cellars
at Whitchurch, in the purchase of printed books for the use of the
rectors of that parish for the time being.

The same noble earl presented to the rector of Middle, in the county
of Salop, a small collection of books towards founding a library there:
and bequeathed by his will the sum of 800l., to be applied, under
the direction of the rector of Middle for the time being, for augmenting
this library. He also left a farther sum of 150l. to be invested
in the name of the rector; and the dividends thereof expended by him in
the purchase of books for the continual augmentation of the library, in
the same manner as he had done at Whitchurch.

It is to this Earl of Bridgewater that we are indebted not only for
those valuable works the Bridgewater Treatises, but also for large
bequests of money and landed property to the trustees of the British
Museum, for the purchase of manuscripts, in addition to those from his
own collection, which he had already bequeathed to the same
institution.

Thos. Corser.

Stand Rectory.

BATTLE OF VILLERS EN COUCHÉ.

(Vol. viii., pp. 8. 127.)

I am in a position to furnish a more complete account of this
skirmish, and of the action of April 26, in which my grandfather, General
Mansel, fell, from a copy of the Evening Mail of May 14, 1794, now
in the possession of J. C. Mansel, Esq., of Cosgrove Hall,
Northamptonshire. Your correspondent Mr. T. C.
Smith appears to have been misinformed as to the immediate
suppression of the Poetical Sketches by an officer of the Guards,
as I have seen the third edition of that work, printed in
1796.

“Particulars of the Glorious Victory obtained by the English
Cavalry over the French under the Command of General Chapuis, at
Troisoille, on the 26th of April, 1794.

“On the 25th, according to orders received from the Committee of
Public Safety, and subsequently from General Pichegru, General Chapuis,
who commanded the Camp of Cæsar, marched from thence with his whole
force, consisting of 25,000 infantry, 3000 cavalry, and seventy-five
pieces of cannon. At Cambray he divided them into three columns; the one
marched by Ligny, and attacked the redoubt at Troisoille, which was most
gallantly defended by Col. Congreve against this column of 10,000 men.
The second column was then united, consisting of 12,000 men, which
marched on the high road as far as Beausois, and from that village turned
off to join the first column; and the attack recommenced against Col.
Congreve’s redoubt, who kept the whole at bay. The enemy’s flank was
supported by the village of Caudry, to defend which they had six pieces
of cannon, 2000 infantry, and 500 cavalry. During this period Gen. Otto
conceived it practicable to fall on their flank with the cavalry; in
consequence of which, Gen. Mansel, with about 1450 men—consisting
of the Blues, 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guards, 5th Dragoon Guards, and 1st
Dragoons, 15th and 16th Dragoons, with Gen. Dundas, and a division of
Austrian cuirassiers, and another of Archduke Ferdinand’s hussars under
Prince Swartzenburg—after several manœuvres, came up with the
enemy in the village of Caudry, through which they charged, putting the
cavalry to flight, and putting a number of infantry to the sword, and
taking the cannon. Gen. Chapuis, perceiving the attack on the village of
Caudry, sent down the regiment of carabineers to support those troops;
but the succour came too late, and this regiment was charged by the
English light dragoons and the hussars, and immediately gave way with
some little loss. The charge was then continued against a battery of
eight pieces of cannon behind a small ravine, which was soon carried;
and, with equal rapidity, the heavy cavalry rushed on to attack a battery
of fourteen pieces of cannon, placed on an eminence behind a very steep
ravine, into which many of the front ranks fell; and the cannon, being
loaded with grape, did some execution: however, a considerable body, with
Gen. Mansel at their head, passed the ravine, and charged the cannon with
inconceivable intrepidity, and their efforts were crowned with the utmost
success. This event decided the day, and the remaining time was passed in
cutting down battalions, till every man and horse was obliged to give up
the pursuit from fatigue. It was at the mouth of this battery that the
brave and worthy Gen. Mansel was shot: one grape-shot entering his chin,
fracturing the spine, and coming out between the shoulders; and the other
breaking his arm to splinters; his horse was also killed under him, his
Brigade-Major Payne’s horse shot, and his son and aide-de-camp, Capt.
Mansel, wounded and taken prisoner; and it is since known that he was
taken into {371}Arras. The French lost between 14,000 and
15,000 men killed; we took 580 prisoners. The loss in tumbrils and
ammunition was immense, and in all fifty pieces of cannon, of which
thirty-five fell to the English; twenty-seven to the heavy, and eight to
the light cavalry. Thus ended a day which will redound with immortal
honour to the bravery of the British cavalry, who, assisted by a small
body of Austrians, the whole not amounting to 1500, gained so complete a
victory over 22,000 men in sight of their corps de reserve,
consisting of 6000 men and twenty pieces of cannon. Had the cavalry been
more numerous, or the infantry able to come up, it is probable few of the
French would have escaped. History does not furnish such an example of
courage.

“The whole army lamented the loss of the brave General, who thus
gloriously terminated a long military career, during which he had been
ever honoured, esteemed, and respected by all who knew him. It should be
some consolation to those he has left behind him, that his reputation was
as unsullied as his soul was honest; and that he died as he lived, an
example of true courage, honour, and humility. On the 24th General Mansel
narrowly escaped being surrounded at Villers de Couché by the enemy,
owing to a mistake of General Otto’s aide-de-camp, who was sent to bring
up the heavy cavalry: in doing which he mistook the way, and led them to
the front of the enemy’s cannon, by which the 3rd Dragoon Guards suffered
considerably.”—Extract from the Evening Mail, May 14,
1794.

From the above extract, compared with the communication of Mr. Smith (Vol. viii., p. 127.), it appears that the
15th Light Dragoons were engaged in both actions, that of Villers en
Couché on April 24, and that of Troisoille (or Cateau) on the 26th. In
the statement communicated by Mr. Simpson
(Ibid. p. 8.), there appears to be some confusion between the
particulars of the two engagements.

H. L. Mansel, B.D.

St. John’s College, Oxford

As the action at Villers en Couché has lately been brought before your
readers, allow me to direct your correspondent to the Journals and
Correspondence of Sir Harry Calvert, edited by Sir Harry Verney, and
just published by Messrs. Hurst and Co.,—a book which contains a
good deal of valuable information respecting a memorable campaign. Sir
Harry Calvert, under the date of the 25th of April, 1794, thus describes
the action at Villers en Couché:

“Since Tuesday, as I foresaw was likely, we have been a good deal on
the qui vive. On Wednesday morning we had information that the
enemy had moved in considerable force from the Camp de César, and early
in the afternoon we learned that they had crossed the Selle at Saultzoir,
and pushed patrols towards Quesnoy and Valenciennes. The Duke [of York]
sent orders to General Otto, who had gone out to Cambray on a
reconnoitring party with light dragoons and hussars, to get into the rear
of the enemy, find out their strength, and endeavour to cut them off. The
enemy retired to Villers en Couché that night, but occupied Saultzoir and
Haussy. Otto, fielding their strength greater than he expected, about
14,000, early in the evening sent in for a brigade of heavy cavalry for
his support, which marched first to Fontaine Antarque, and afterwards to
St. Hilaire; and in the night he sent for a farther support of four
battalions and some artillery. Unfortunately he confided this important
mission to a hussar, who never delivered it, probably having lost his
way, so that, in the morning, the general found himself under the
necessity of attacking with very inferior numbers. However, by repeated
charges of his light cavalry, he drove the enemy back into their camp,
and took three pieces of cannon. He had, at one time, taken eight; but
the enemy, bringing up repeated reinforcements of fresh troops, retook
five.

“Our loss I cannot yet ascertain, but I fear the 15th Light Dragoons
have suffered considerably. Two battalions of the enemy are entirely
destroyed.”

The especial bravery of the troops engaged on the 26th, which is
another subject noticed by your correspondent Bibliothecar. Chetham. prompted the following entry on
his journal by Sir Harry Calvert:

“April 26.—The enemy made a general attack on the camp of the
allies. On their approaching the right of the camp, the Duke of York
directed a column of heavy cavalry, consisting of the regiment of
Zedwitsch Cuirassiers, the Blues, Royals, 1st, 3rd, and 5th Dragoon
Guards, to turn the enemy, or endeavour to take them in flank, which
service they performed in a style beyond all praise, charging repeatedly
through the enemy’s column, and taking twenty-six pieces of cannon. The
light dragoons and hussars took nine pieces on the left of the Duke’s
camp.”

Sir Harry Verney has printed in an Appendix his father’s
well-considered plans for the defence of the country against the invasion
anticipated in 1796.

J. B.

ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.

(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250. 296.)

The misunderstanding which has arisen between Professor De Morgan and A. E. B. has proceeded, it
appears, from the misapplication of the statement of the latter’s
authority (Arthur Hopton) to the question at issue. Where Hopton says
that our lawyers count their day from sunrise to sunset, he, I am of
opinion, merely refers to certain instances, such as distress for
rent:

“A man cannot distrain for rent or rent-charge in the night (which,
according to the author of The Mirror, is after sunset and before
sunrising).”—Impey on Distress and Replevin, p. 49.

In common law, the day is now supposed among lawyers to be from six in
the morning to seven at night for service of notices; in Chancery till
eight at night. And a service after such times at night {372}would be
counted as good only for the next day. In the case of Liffin v.
Pitcher, 1 Dowl. N. S. 767., Justice Coleridge said, “I am in the
habit of giving twenty-four hours to plead when I give one day.” Thus it
will be perceived that a lawyer’s day is of different lengths.

With regard to the time at which a person arrives at majority, we have
good authority in support of Professor De
Morgan’s statement:

“So that full age in male or female is twenty-one years, which age is
completed on the day preceding the anniversary of a person’s birth, who
till that time is an infant, and so styled in law.”—Blackstone’s
Commentaries, vol. i. p. 463.

There is no doubt also that the law rejects fractions of a day where
it is possible:

“It is clear that the law rejecteth all fractions of days for the
uncertainty, and commonly allows him that hath part of the day in law to
have the whole day, unless where it, by fraction or relation, may be a
prejudice to a third person.”—Sir O. Bridgm. l.

And in respect to the present case it is quite clear. In the case of
Reg. v. The Parish of St. Mary, Warwick, reported in the
Jurist (vol. xvii. p. 551.), Lord Campbell said:

“In some cases the Court does not regard the fraction of a day. Where
the question is on what day a person came of age, the fraction of the day
on which he was born and on which he came of age is not considered.”

And farther on he says:

“It is a general maxim that the law does not regard the fraction of a
day.”

Russell Gole.

I only treat misquotation as an offence in the old sense of the
word; and courteously, but most positively, I deny the right of any one
who quotes to omit, or to alter emphasis, without stating what he has
done. That A. E. B. did misunderstand me, I was justified in inferring
from his implication (p. 198. col. 2) that I made the day begin “a minute
after midnight.”

Arthur Hopton, whom A. E. B. quotes against me (but the quotation is
from chapter xiv., not xiii.), is wrong in his law. The lawyers, from
Coke down to our own time, give both days, the natural and artificial, as
legal days. See Coke Littleton (Index, Day), the current
commentators on Blackstone, and the usual law dictionaries.

Nevertheless, this discussion will serve the purpose. No one denies
that the day of majority now begins at midnight: no one pretends to
prove, by evidence of decisions, or opinion of writers on law, that it
began otherwise in 1600. How then did Ben Jonson make it begin, as
clearly A. E. B. shows he does, at six o’clock (meaning probably a
certain sunrise)? Hopton throws out the natural day altogether in a work
on chronology, and lays down the artificial day as the only one known to
lawyers: it is not wonderful that Jonson should have fallen into the same
mistake.

A. De Morgan.

SIMILARITY OF IDEA IN ST. LUKE AND JUVENAL.

(Vol. viii., p. 195.)

I send, as a pendant to Mr. Weir’s lines from
Juvenal, the following extract from Cicero:

“Sed in eâ es urbe, in quâ hæc, vel plura, et ornatiora, parietes
ipsi loqui posse videantur.”—Cic. Epist., 1. vi. 3.:
Torquato, Pearce’s 12mo. edition.

Most, if not all, of the readers of “N. & Q.” are I believe,
pleased by having their attention drawn to parallel passages in which a
similarity of idea or thought is found. Let us adopt for conciseness the
term “parallel passages” (frequently used in “N. & Q.”), as embracing
every kind of similarity. Contributions of such passages to “N. & Q.”
would form a very interesting collection. I should be particularly
pleased by a full collection of parallel passages from the Scriptures and
ancient and modern literature, and especially Shakspeare. (See Mr. Buckton’s “Shakspearian Parallels,” antè, p.
240.)

To prevent sending passages that have been inserted in “N. & Q.,”
every note should refer to the note immediately preceding. I send the
following parallel passages with some hesitation, because I have not my
volumes of “N. & Q.” at hand, to ascertain whether they have already
appeared, and because they are probably familiar to your readers. I do
not, however, send them as novelties, but as a contribution to the
collection which I wish to see made:

“Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ μὴ
ἔχοντος καὶ
ὃ ἔχει
ἀρθήσεται
ἀπ’
αὐτοῦ.“—Matt. xxv.
29., Luke xix. 26.

The rich man says:

“Ψυχὴ, ἔχεις
πολλὰ
ἀγαθὰ
κείμενα
εἰς ἔτη
πολλά·
ἀναπαύου,
φάγε, πίε,
εὐφραίνου.”—Luke
xii. 19.

“Lo, this is the man that took not God for his strength but trusted
unto the multitude of his riches.”—Ps. lii. 8.

“For he hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down there
shall no harm happen unto me.”—Ps. x. 6., &c. (See
Obadiah v. 3.: “Who shall bring me down to the ground?”)

So Niobe boasts:

{373}

“Τί δὲ
βλέπεις τὸ
κάρφος τὸ ἐν
τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ
τοῦ
ἀδελφοῦ
σοῦ, τὴν δὲ ἐν
τῷ σῷ
ὀφθαλμῳ
δοκὸν οὐ
κατανοεῖς.”—Matt.
vii. 3.

“Ἡ νὺξ
προέκοψεν, ἡ
δὲ ἡμέρα
ἤγγικεν.”—Rom.
xiii. 12.

“Ἀλλ’ ἴομεν·
μάλα γὰρ νὺξ
ἄνεται,
ἐγγύθι δ’
ἠώς.”—Hom. Iliad, x. 251.

F. W. J.

Brighton.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.

Mr. Sisson’s developing Fluid.—Since I sent you the new
formula for Mr. Sisson’s positive developer,
which you published in Vol. viii., p. 301., Mr.
Sisson has written to me to say that if, instead of the acetic
acid, you add two drachms of formic acid, the new agent proposed by Mr. Lyte, you certainly obtain the sweetest-toned
positives he has ever seen. The pictures, he says, come out very quickly
with it indeed; and with a small lens in a sitting-room he can in about
ten seconds obtain the most wonderful detail. Every wrinkle in the face,
and ladies’ lace ribbons or cap-strings, he says, come out
beautifully.

The formula then, as improved by Mr. Sisson,
is—

Perhaps you will give your readers the benefit of it in your next
Number. Having tried it myself, I think they will be delighted with the
beautiful white silvery tone, without any metallic reflection, produced
in pictures developed with it.

J. Leachman.

20. Compton Terrace, Islington.

Dr. Diamond’s Process for Albumenized
Paper.—Photographers are under many obligations to Dr. Diamond, particularly for the valuable information
communicated through “N. & Q.,” and his obligingness in answering
inquiries. I make no doubt he will readily reply to the following
questions, suggested by his late letter on the process for printing on
albumenized paper.

Will the solution of forty grains of common salt and forty grains of
mur. amm., without the albumen, be found to answer for ordinary
positive paper (say Canson’s, Turner’s, or Whatman’s)? and, in that case,
may it be applied with a brush?

Will the forty-grain solution of nit. sil. (without amm.) answer for
paper so prepared? and may this also be applied with a brush?

Should the positives be printed out very strongly? and how long should
they remain in the saturated bath of hypo.?

Is not the use of sel d’or subject to the objection that the pictures
with which it is used are liable to fade in time?

Dr. Diamond says that pictures produced by the
use of amm. nit. of silver are not to be depended on for permanency. If
this be so, it is very important it should be known, as the use of amm.
nit. is at present generally recommended and adopted.

C. E. F.

Mr. Lyte’s New Process.—Although I presume it is none of
your affair what is said or done in “another place,” will you kindly ask
Mr. Lyte for me, if he will be so good as to
explain the discrepancy which appears between his “new processes,” as
given in the Journal of the Photographic Society of Sept. 21, and “N.
& Q.” of Sept. 10? In the former he says, for sensitizing, take
(amongst other things) iodide of ammonia 60 grains: in “N. & Q.,” on
the contrary, what would seem to be the same receipt, or intended as the
same, gives the quantity of this salt one fourth less, 45 grains—a
vast difference. Again, in the developing solution the quantity of formic
acid is double in your paper what it is in the journal.

I should not have trespassed on your space, but would have written to
Mr. Lyte directly, except from the fear that some
other unfortunate practitioner may have stumbled over the same impediment
as I have done, and may not have had courage to make the inquiry.

S. B.

The process which was published in the Photographic Journal
was, I am sorry to say, not quite correct in its proportions, on account
of a mistake in inclosing the wrong letter to the Editor; but the mistake
will, I trust, be rectified by another communication which I have now
sent.

The whole of the formulæ, however, as given in “N. & Q.,” are
quite correct.

Let me now, however, trespass on your pages by a few more answers to
several other Querists, and which at the same time may be acceptable to
some of your readers.

1. The developing agents which are made with iron are very applicable
as baths to immerse the plate in; and the formic acid, from its powerful
deoxidizing property, renders the iron salt more stable during long use
and exposure to the air.

2. In coating paper with albumen, if the upper edge of the paper be
sufficiently turned back, and the paper be forced down sufficiently on to
the surface of the albumen, no bubbles will form; and {374}the operator
will not be troubled with the streaks so often complained of.

3. No time can possibly be fixed for the exposure of the positive to
the action of the hypo.; and to produce the best effects, the positive
must be continually watched, both while printing and while in the
hypo.

4. No hot iron should be applied to the positive after being printed,
but the picture should be allowed to dry spontaneously.

5. The developing agent with the pyrogallic and formic acids will keep
good a very long time, longer, I think, than that in which acetic acid is
used, but cannot be used as a dipping bath.

6. I find the formic acid which I obtain from different chemists
rather variable in its strength. What I use is rather below the average
strength, so that in general about six drachms of the commercial acid
will suffice where I use one ounce; but the excess seems to produce no
bad result.

7. A great advantage of the pyrogallic developer which I recommend, is
that of its being able to be diluted to almost any extent, with no other
result than simply making the development slower. Another point is also
worthy of notice, viz. a method by which even a very weak positive on
glass may be converted into a very strong negative.

I take a saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in hydrochloric
acid, and add of this one to six parts of water. This I pour over the
collodion plate, and watch it till the whitening process is quite
complete. Having well washed the surface with water, I pour over it a
solution of iodide of potassium, very weak, not more than two or three
grains to the ounce of water. The effect of this is to turn the white
parts to a brilliant yellow, quite impervious to actinic rays. This
process is only applicable to weak negative or instantaneous pictures,
as, if used on a picture of much intensity, the opacity produced is too
great. By using, however, instead of the iodide of potassium, a weak
solution of ammonia, as recommended by Mr. Hunt, a less degree of
intensity may be produced again a less intensity by hyposulphate of soda
and a less degree again, but still a slight darkening, by pouring on the
bichloride and pouring it off at once before the whitening commences. I
thus can tell the exact degree of negative effect in any picture of
whatever intensity. The terchloride of gold is most uncertain in its
results, at any rate I find it so.

I must again beg you to excuse the great length of my communication,
and hope it will be of service to my fellow photographers.

F. Maxwell Lyte.

Florian, Torquay.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Derivation of the Word “Island” (Vol. viii., p. 49.).—I
have received through the kindness of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., a copy of
the Philological Journal for Feb. 21, 1851, in which my late
observations on the etymology of the word island are shown to be
almost identical with his own, published more than two years ago, even
the minutest particulars. His own surprise on seeing my remarks must have
been at least as great as my own, on learning how singularly I had been
anticipated; and those of your readers who will refer to the number of
the journal in question, will be doubtless as much surprised as either of
us.

This coincidence suggests two things: first, the truth of the
etymology in question, secondly, the excellency of that spirit which (as
in this instance) “thinketh no evil;” and, in so close a resemblance of
ideas as that before us, rather than at once start a charge of
plagiarism, will believe that it is possible for two persons, with
similar habits of thought, to arrive at the same end, and that, too, by
singularly identical means, when engaged on one and the same subject.

H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford.

“Pætus and Arria” (Vol. viii., p. 219.).—As I have not
observed a reply to the Query respecting the author of Pætus and
Arria, a tragedy, I beg to state that the work was not written by a
gentleman of the University of Cambridge, but by Mr. Nicholson, son of
Mr. Nicholson, a well-known and highly respectable bookseller in
Cambridge, in the early part of the present century. The young man, who,
besides being unfailing in his attention to business, had a literary
turn, and was attached to the fine arts, died in the prime of life. After
his death, the poor father, with tears in his eyes, presented me with a
copy of the tragedy. I am glad to record this testimony to the character
of persons well known to me during several years.

Μάρτυς Πιστός.

“That Swinney” (Vol. viii, p. 213.).—I am well pleased
with the manner in which T. S. J. has unearthed “that Swinney,” if
indeed, as is very probable, Sidney Swinney really was the man who
interfered with the great unknown. It may not be impertinent to
state that Sidney Swinney, who was of Clare Hall, Cambridge, became B.A.
in 1744, M.A. in 1749, and D.D. (per saltum) in 1763. It may also
be worth noting that a George Swinney, of the same college, became B.A.
in 1767, and M.A. in 1770. This George Swinney may have
been Sidney Swinney’s son, or his near relation; and may
have been the man who went to Lord G. Sackville in July, 1769; but I
think this not likely. I will only observe farther that, in the “Graduati
Cantabrigienses,” {375}the names are spelled Swiney; but
changes of this kind, by the parties themselves, are by no means
uncommon.

The question, whether Swinney had ever before spoken to Lord G.
Sackville, remains unanswered, although Junius most probably made a
mistake in that matter.

Valentine Weston.

The Six Gates of Troy (Vol. viii., p. 288.).—The passage
of Dares relative to the gates of Troy describes the deeds of Priam on
succeeding to the throne:

“Priamus ut Ilium venit, minime moram fecit, ampliora mœnia
exstruxit, et civitatem munitissimam reddidit…. Regiam quoque
ædificavit, et ibi Jovi Statori aram consecravit. Hectorem in Pæoniam
misit, Ilio portas fecit, quarum hæc sunt nomina: Antenorea, Dardania,
Ilia, Scæa, Thymbræa, Trojana. Deinde, postquam Ilium stabilitum vidit,
tempus expectavit.”—Chap. 4.

It will be observed that these six names correspond with the six names
in Shakspeare, except that Shakspeare, following some ignorant
transcriber, substitutes Chetas for Scæan.

The work, consisting of forty-four short chapters, which has come down
to us under the title of De Excidio Trojæ Historia, by Dares
Phrygius, is a pseudonymous production, which cannot be placed earlier
than the fifth or sixth century. See the preface to the edition of
Dederick, Bonnæ, 1835; or the article “Dares,” by Dr. Schmitz, in Dr.
Smith’s Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography. Other writers
spoke of four gates of Troy. (See Heyne, Exc. XIV. ad Æn. II.)

L.

Milton’s Widow (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134.
200.).—Having noticed several Queries and Replies in your pages
concerning the family of the poet Milton’s third wife, I beg to give the
following extracts from a pamphlet printed by Pullan of Chester so
recently as 1851, entitled Historical Facts connected with Nantwich
and its Neighbourhood:

“In that same year (1662), Milton was received at Stoke Hall as the
husband of Elizabeth Minshull, the grand-daughter of Geoffrey
Minshull.”—P. 50. “Not far from the Hall, where Milton was
once a welcome visitor, stands the Yew Tree House.”

There can be little doubt the author of the pamphlet referred to
derived the information on which those statements were made from an
authentic source; and if so, it seems pretty clear, the
Elizabeth Minshull whom Milton married was grand-daughter of
Geoffrey Minshull of Stoke Hall.

T. P. L.

Manchester.

Boom (Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 183.).—The
Bittern is not an uncommon bird in some parts of Wales, where it is very
expressively called Aderyn-y-Bwn (the Boom-bird), or
Bwmp-y-Gors (Boom of the Fen): the w is pronounced as
double o.

W. R. D. S.

“Nugget” not an American Term (Vol. vii.
passim).—It is a mistake in our correspondent to suppose
that the word “nugget” was used in California by American “diggers” to
denominate a lump of gold. That word was never heard of in this country
until after the discoveries in Australia. It is not used now in
California, “lump” is the proper term; and when a miner accumulates a
quantity, he boasts of his “pile,” or rejoices in the possession of a
“pocket full of rocks.”

.

Philadelphia.

Soke Mill (Vol. viii., p. 272.).—Suit is not now enforced
to the King’s Mills in the manor of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh,
but the lessee of the manorial rights of the crown receives a payment at
the rate of threepence per bushel for all the malt ground in hand-mills
within the limits of the manor.

Taffy.

Binometrical Verse (Vol. viii., p. 292.).—This verse
appeared in the Athenæum (Sept. 2, 1848, No. 1088, p. 883.), given
by one correspondent as having been previously forwarded by another; but
it does not appear to have been previously published.

M.

Watch-paper Inscription (Vol. viii., p.
316.).—Twenty-five years ago this inscription was set to music, and
was popular in private circles. The melody was moderately good, and the
“monitory pulse-like beating” of course was acted, perhaps over-acted, in
the accompaniment. I am not sure it was printed, but the fingers of young
ladies produced a great many copies. Your correspondent’s version is
quite accurate, and I think he must have heard it sung, as well as read
it. Segnius irritant, &c. is not true of what is read as
opposed to what is heard with music.

M.

Dotinchem (Vol. viii., p. 151.).—Dotinchem appears to be
the place which is called Deutichem in the map of the Netherlands
and Belgian, published by the Useful Knowledge Society in 1843, and
Deutekom in the map of the kingdom of the Netherlands, published
by the same society in 1830. Moreri spells the name Dotechem,
Dotekom, and Dotekum. It is situated on the Yssel,
south-east of Doesburg.

B. J.

Reversible Names and Words (Vol. viii., p. 244.).—I
cannot call to mind any such propria mascula: but I think I can
cast a doubt on your correspondent’s crotchet. Surely our civic
authorities (not even excepting the Mayor) are veritable males,
though sometimes deserving the sobriquet of “old women.”
Surveyors, builders, carpenters, {376}and bricklayers are the
only persons who use the level. On board ship, it is the males who
professionally attend at the poop. Our foreign-looking friend
rotator, at once suggestive of certain celebrated personages in
the lower house, is by termination masculine; and such members, in times
of political probation, never fail to show themselves evitative
rather than plucky.

But some words are reversible in sense as well as in orthography. If a
man draw “on” me, I should be to blame if at least I did not
ward “off” the blow. Whom should we repel sooner than the
leper? Who will live hereafter, if he be a doer of
evil? We should always seek to deliver him who is being
reviled. Even Shakspeare was aware of the fact, that it is a
God who breeds magots in a dead dog (vide Hamlet).
“Cum multis aliis.” The art of composing palindromes is one, at least, as
instructive as, and closely allied to, that of de-ciphering. If
any one calls the compositions in question “trash,” I cannot better
answer than in palindrome, Trash? even interpret Nineveh’s art!
for the deciphering of the cuneiform character is both a respectable and
a useful exercise of ingenuity. The English language, however, is not
susceptible of any great amount of palindromic compositions. The Latin
is, of all, the best adapted for that fancy. I append an inscription for
a hospital, which is a paraphrase of a verse in the Psalms:

“Acide me malo, sed non desola me, medica.”

I doubt whether such compositions should ever be characterised by the
term sotadic. Sotadic verses were, I believe, restricted to
indecent love-songs.

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

Detached Church Towers (Vol. vii. passim; Vol. viii., p.
63.).—At Morpeth, in Northumberland, the old parish church stands
on an eminence at the distance of a mile from the town. In the
market-place is a square clock tower, the bells in which are used for
ordinary parochial purposes.

At Kirkoswald, in Cumberland, where the church stands low, the belfry
has been erected on an adjoining hill.

E. H. A.

Bishop Ferrar (Vol. viii., p. 103.).—Bishop Ferrar,
martyred in Queen Mary’s reign, was not of the same family with the
Ferrers, Earl of Derby and Nottingham. Was your correspondent led to
think so from the fact of the martyr having been originally a bishop of
the Isle of Man?

A Lineal Descendant of the Martyr.

Cambridge.

“They shot him by the nine stone rig” (Vol. viii., p.
78.).—This fragmentary ballad is to be found in the Border
Minstrelsy. It was contributed by R. Surtees of Mainsforth, co.
Durham, and described by him as having been taken down from the
recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman who weeded in his garden. It is
however most likely that it is altogether factitious, and Mr. Surtees’
own production, Anne Douglas being a pure invention.

The ballad called “The Fray of Haltwhistle,” a portion of which, “How
the Thirlwalls and the Ridleys a’,” &c., is interwoven with the text
in the first canto of Marmion, is generally understood to have
been composed by Mr. Surtees. He, however, succeeded in palming it upon
Scott as a genuine old ballad; and states that he had it from the
recitation of an ancient dame, mother of one of the miners of Alston
Moor. Scott’s taste for old legends and ballads was certainly not too
discriminating, or he would never have swallowed “The Fray of
Haltwhistle.” Perhaps he suspected its authenticity, for he says of
it:

T. D. Ridley.

Punning Devices (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—In the 4th volume
of Surtees’ History of Durham, p. 48., there is an account of the
Orchard Chamber in Sledwish Hall:

“In the centre is a shield of the arms of Clopton; being two coats
quarterly, a lion rampant and a cross pattée fitchée; over all, a
crescent for difference.^[1] On two other shields, impressed from
one mould, are the initials E. C., the date 1584, and a tun with a
rose clapt on.”^[2]

Old Grumbleum.

Ashman’s Park—Wingfield’s Portrait (Vol. viii., p.
299.).-Could any correspondent in Suffolk inform me if Ashman’s Park has
been sold; and if the pictures are anywhere to be found, especially that
of Sir Anthony Wingfield? The communication of H. C. K. relative to the
above subject is very interesting.

Q.

“Crowns have their compass,” &c. (Vol. iv., p.
428.).—In the well-known lines attributed to Shakspeare, and quoted
in the above volume, the third stands thus:

I find that Quarles has borrowed this in his Emblems, book i.
Emblem vi.:

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

{377}

Ampers & (Vol. ii., pp.230. 284.; Vol. viii., pp. 173. 223.
284.).—Allow me to thank both Φ. and
Mr. Henry Walter for their replies to my Query;
but I am unhappily no wiser than Mr. Lower was
after Φ.’s first response. What on earth
“et-per-se” or “and-per-se-and” can mean, I am at a loss to imagine. Why
should et be called “et by itself?” Until this Query is
answered, I am as much in the dark as ever. While I am upon the matter, I
would farther ask this mysterious Ampers and, “who gave thee that
name?” May it find a proxy to answer for it!

C. Mansfield Ingleby.

Birmingham.

The origin of this expression is, explained in Vol. ii., p. 318. With
regard to the orthography of the word, it seems to me that, if the etymon
be followed, it ought to be written and-per-se-and; if the
pronunciation, ampussy and.

L.

Throwing Old Shoes for Luck (Vol. vii., p. 411.).—There
is an old rhyme still extant, which gives an early date to this singular
custom:

An octogenarian of my acquaintance informs me that he heard himself
thus anathematised when, leaving his native village with his bride, he
refused to comply with the extortionate demands of an Irish beggar:

Charles Reed.

Ennui (Vol. vii., p. 478.).—It is a curious fact that in
English, properly so called, we have no word to express this
certainly un-English sensation, which we are obliged to borrow from our
friends across the channel. They repay themselves with
“comfortable,” which is quite as characteristically wanting in their
vocabulary: so they lose nothing by the exchange. Were we disposed to
supply the gaps in our language, by using our own native words (which is
much to be desired), we might find a sufficient (and I believe the only)
synonyme in the Bedfordshire folk-word unked: at any rate, it is
near enough for us, for we neither require the word nor the feeling it is
meant to designate.

E. S. Taylor.

Miscellaneous.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Ford’s Handbook of Spain. Vol. I.

Austin Cheironomia.

Rev. E. Irving’s Orations on Death, Judgment, Heaven,
and Hell.

Thomas Gardener’s History of Dunwich.

Marsh’s History of Hursley and Baddesley.
About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.

Nicephorus Catena on the Pentateuch.

Procopius Gazæus.

Watt’s Bibliographia Britannica. Parts V. and
VI.

Carlyle’s Chartism. Crown 8vo. 2nd
Edition.

The Builder, No. 520.

Oswalli Crollii Opera. 12mo. Geneva, 1635.

Gaffarell’s Unheard-of Curiosities. Translated
by Chelmead. London. 12mo. 1650.

PAMPHLETS.

Junius Discovered. By P. T. Published about
1789.

Reasons for Rejecting the Evidence of Mr.
Almon, &c. 1807.

Another Guess at Junius. Hookham. 1809.

The Author of Junius Discovered. Longmans.
1821.

The Claims of Sir P. Francis refuted.
Longmans. 1822.

Who Was Junius? Glynn. 1837.

Some New Facts, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris.
1850.

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Roman Stations in Britain. London, 1726.

A Survey of Roman Antiquities in Some Midland
Counties. London, 1726.

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Theobald’s Shakspeare Restored. 4to. 1726.

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{378}

J. R. (Bangor), who inquires respecting Vox Populi Vox Dei,
is informed that the proverb is found in William of Malmesbury;
and is referred for its history to “N. & Q.” Vol. i., pp. 370.
419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288. 381.; and M. Cornewall Lewis’ Essay
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DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and
Cheapest. To be had in great variety at

M^cMILLAN’S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.

Price List Gratis.

BENNETT’S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett’s
Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
2l., 3l., and 4l. Thermometers from 1s.
each.

BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,

65. CHEAPSIDE.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.)
may be seen at BLAND & LONG’S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
practice of Photography in all its Branches.

Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.

*** Catalogues may be had on application.

BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.

PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.’S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining
Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
according to light.

Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
Establishment.

Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used
in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.

PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman’s,
Turner’s, Sanford’s, and Canson Frères’ make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray’s
Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.

Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
Paternoster Row, London.

IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289.
Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
manufacture has been esteemed.

Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
of Photography. Instruction in the Art.

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL’S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for
taking either Views or Portraits.

Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
Barnsbury Road, Islington.

New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.

PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.

KNIGHT & SONS’ Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and
Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and
Son’s Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various
Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the
Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.

Instructions given in every branch of the Art.

An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic
Specimens.

GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.

{380}

ARCHÆOLOGICAL WORKS

BY

JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,

FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE
SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITARIES OF LONDON.

AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s.
cloth, illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five
hundred objects.

A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.

*** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and
will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of Greek,
Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours’ careful
reading Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that which is
already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic
features of the Coin are dissected and placed by themselves, so that the
eye soon becomes familiar with them.

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the
Earliest Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2
vols. 8vo., numerous Plates, 30s.

COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition,
with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.

ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and
described, containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with
Plates of several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.

NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of
the.—Fine Paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in
various Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s.
6d.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol.
fcp. 8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price
6s. 6d. cloth.

Contents:—Section 1. Origin of
Coinage—Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial
Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage—Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial
Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon
Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11.
Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the
Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in
Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised
at Public Sales.

TRADESMEN’S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year
1648 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of
the British Museum, &c. 15s.

REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England.
Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured
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A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo.,
3s.

THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is Published Quarterly. Price 3s.
6d. each Number.

JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.

PUBLISHED BY GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, London.

SHORT MEDITATIONS for EVERY DAY in the YEAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR
HOOK, D.D., 4 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type, 14s. cloth;
30s. morocco.

“Remarkable for the freshness and vigour which are maintained
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“All Church people will hail with heartfelt welcome this beautifully
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THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT by the CHURCH’S SERVICES. Edited by WALTER
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“The plan is exceedingly good; the seasons of the Christian year are
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“Well arranged … and from its ecclesiastical and devotional tone, is
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A COMPANION TO THE ALTAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D. 18mo.,
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“It has been reprinted for reasons which are well stated by the author
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can only suit a few persons, and have endeavoured to express myself in
such a manner as may suit a young beginner in religion, as well as a
greater proficient.'”—Extract from Preface.

THE CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL HYMN BOOK. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK,
D.D. Large paper, cloth, 1s. 6d.; calf, 3s.
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*** For Cheap Editions of the above Five Books see List of the
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VERSES for HOLY SEASONS. By C. F. H., Author of “Moral Songs,” “The
Baron’s Little Daughter,” “The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals,”
&c. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Third
edition, cloth, 3s.; morocco, 6s. 6d.

“An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts
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SERMONS, SUGGESTED by the MIRACLES of our LORD and SAVIOUR JESUS
CHRIST. By WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. 2 vols. fcap.
8vo., 10s. cloth. Vol. II. may be had separately, to complete
sets.

These Sermons, preached every evening during Lent, are published by
request.

FIVE SERMONS; Preached before the University of Oxford. Third edition,
cloth, 3s.

A LETTER to his PARISHIONERS on the USE of the ATHANASIAN CREED. By
WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition, price
6d., or 4s. the dozen.

London: GEORGE BELL.

MURRAY’S
HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS
IN ITALY.

The following are now ready.

HANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.—Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY,
VENICE, PARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY, as far as
the VAL D’ARNO. With Maps and Plates. Post 8vo. 9s.

II.

HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.—Being a Guide to SOUTHERN
TUSCANY and the PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo.
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III.

HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY, Part II.—Being a Guide to ROME and
its Environs. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)

IV.

HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.—Being a guide to the CONTINENTAL
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V.

HANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING—From the German of
Kugler. With 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published on SATURDAY, OCTOBER
15th.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

Now ready,

MURRAY’S MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY BOOK. A New and Cheaper Edition, most
carefully revised and improved. With 100 Woodcuts. Price FIVE SHILLINGS,
strongly bound.

*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold.

JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.

COMPLETION OF THE WORK. cloth 1s.: by post, 1s.
6d., p. 192.—WELSH SKETCHES, THIRD (and Last) SERIES. By the
Author of “Proposals for Christian Union.”—Contents: 1. Edward the
Black Prince. 2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales. 3. Mediæval Bardism. 4.
The Welsh Church.

“Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the
principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our
island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and language
still linger.”—Notes and Queries.

London: JAMES DARLING. 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln’s Inn
Fields.

Printed by Thomas Clark Shaw, of No. 10.
Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
published by George Bell, of No. 186. Fleet
Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid—Saturday, October 15,
1853.