{277}

NOTES AND QUERIES:

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

“When found, make a note of.”—Captain Cuttle.

CONTENTS.

Notes.

INEDITED LETTERS OF GENERAL GREEN AND OF WASHINGTON.

The letters of great men are always interesting, more particularly
when they are connected with important historical facts. I presume,
therefore, that those I subjoin from General Washington and General Green
will not be unwelcome to your readers. They were among the papers of an
officer, long deceased, who at the time was aide-de-camp to Sir Guy
Carlton, the commander-in-chief of our army in America; and were, I
presume, intercepted before they reached their respective
destinations.

“General Green to General Washington.

“Head Quarters on Ashley River,
May 31st, 1782.

“Sir,

“I had the honor of informing your Excellency, in a letter of the 19th
instant, that a dangerous spirit of discontent had been discovered in the
army, and of the measures I took to suppress it. I am happy to inform you
that this spirit seems entirely to have subsided, as the persons who
fomented it are removed at a distance from the troops: and, as we have
now a prospect of some cloathing, and more comfortable supplies, I hope
it will no more appear.

“Your Excellency has been informed of the late important and
interesting changes in the face of affairs.—The arrival of Sir Guy
Carlton, and the change of ministers and measures, will open a new field
of hopes for this country. How far we may be benefited by it, a little
time will determine; but it will inevitably be attended with one bad
consequence, as it will relax our preparation for a continuance of the
war, which, to me, appears extremely probable. General Leslie has made
overtures, and a proposition for a suspension of hostilities; I do myself
the honor to inclose you copies of his letter, and my answer on the
subject, from which you will see the ground on which it stands. I wait
most anxiously for advices from Congress or your Excellency, by which my
conduct in the business must be ultimately directed. I suppose this
measure has been adopted {278}by Sir Guy Carlton, and proposed to your
Excellency; but, as I am entirely at a loss to know on what conditions,
and what purposes it has to answer, I can form no conclusive opinion on
its propriety.

“I am sanguine that the operations against Jamaica will go on,
notwithstanding the late misfortune, which seems to be rather a splendid
than useful victory to the enemy. And as Count de Guichen, who has
arrived with a considerable squadron, and taken the command of the
combined fleets in the West Indies, is still much superior to the
British, we have good reason to hope the enterprise may succeed.

“Inclosed, I transmit your Excellency the Report of Brigadier-General
Wayne of a considerable skirmish in Georgia, wherein Lieut.-Col. Brown,
with four or five hundred men, were defeated. The plan was judicious, and
executed in a manner that does great honor both to the general and the
troops. It will have very happy consequences in impressing the Indians
with an idea of our superior power, and in the destruction of their
cavalry.

“The enemy continue their camp, entrenched at the Quarter House, in a
strong position. Their patroles of horse, and ours, frequently go over
the same ground. Captain Armstrong of the Legion, and Captain Gill of the
fourth regiment, with about forty dragoons of Lieut.-Colonel Laurens’s
command, fell in with a troop of their horse two days ago, and took an
officer, eight men, and ten horses, without suffering any other in injury
than two men wounded.

“With the highest esteem and regard,

I have the honor to [be]

Your Excellency’s

Most Obedient

Humble Servant,

Nath. Green.

His Excellency,

General Washington.”

“General Washington to Governor Livingston.

“Head Quarters, Newburgh,
July 3rd, 1782.

“Sir,

“From the inclosed information of Captain Stevens, there is reason to
apprehend the business of driving cattle to the enemy is carrying on with
great art and assiduity; it would be a happy circumstance if the villains
concerned in it could be detected. I have therefore to propose to your
Excellency, that you will be pleased to take such precautions as you
shall judge best calculated to learn whether any such cattle are passing
in droves, or smaller parcels (for they may be divided on the road), to
the enemy.

“If your Excellency should hear of them before they turn off towards
New York, I think it would be advisable to employ some trusty man or men
to dog and follow them privately, until the fact is ascertained;
otherwise, it is to be feared, no positive proof of the intention of the
people engaged in this infamous trade can be obtained.

“I sincerely wish every practicable plan may be attempted for seizing
the cattle, apprehending and bringing to condign punishment the men; as
this would tend essentially to frustrate the insidious schemes of our
enemies, as well as deter their other agents from similar practices.

“I have the honor to be,

With perfect respect,

Your Excellency’s

Most Obedient Servant,

Go. Washington.

“P.S.—I am honor’d with your Excellency’s letter of the 24th
June.

“His Excellency Gov. Livingston.”

Edward Foss.

ON A PASSAGE IN THE “DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF ENGLAND.”—SURNAMES.

In this work, to the justly high character of which I need scarcely
refer, the “General Remarks” relating to the periods under consideration
are full of information of the most interesting kind, as they often
contain illustrations of manners and customs not to be met with
elsewhere.

In a portion of the “Remarks” illustrative of the thirteenth century,
showing the difficulty and insecurity of travelling at that time (pp.
120-122.), there is, however, an incorrect rendering of an extract from
an original document; and this error seriously affects the “illustration”
afforded by it. As I am in some degree personally involved in the matter,
having supplied the material in its original shape, I may perhaps be
permitted fully to explain and correct the passage. My only regret is,
that I had not the opportunity of calling my friend’s attention to the
subject before the sheets were finally struck off. The extract is from an
Account of the Chamberlain of Chester, 29-30 Edw. I., showing how the sum
of 1000l. was transmitted from Chester to London. After referring
to the convoy for the treasure:

“It was not sufficient, however,” says the late Mr. Turner, “that the
money should be protected; in the absence of hostels, except in towns, it
was necessary to secure the guards from hunger. Therefore they were
accompanied by two cooks, who provided ‘a safe lodging’ daily for the
money; and, as a matter of course, provided for the culinary
necessities of its conductors.”

It will be seen that upon the word rendered “cooks” depends the whole
value of this passage, {279}as evidence of the road-side necessities
of the period. That word, however, does not bear such a construction;
although, at first sight, nothing would be more natural than to render it
so. It is written in the original “cok’,” contracted; and to those
conversant with mediæval Latin, it is known to express
“cokinus—coquinus,” Gallicè “coquin:” a word derived from
“coquus,” and not that word itself. It occurs commonly enough in
the Royal Wardrobe Accounts, and means simply “a messenger.”^[1] For those who
have not the opportunity of referring to original documents, there is a
very good account of the persons so designated supplied by the Liber
quotidianus Contrarotulatoris Garderobæ, anno 28 Edw. I., edited by
John Topham, Esq., in 1787, from the original in the library of the
Society of Antiquaries. It is referred to in the note to the Post Office
Report as containing the words Cokinus, Nuncius, and Garcio, used
apparently in one sense. At p. 280. is an account of payments under the
heading “Titulus de expens’ nuncior’ et cok’ Regis Edwardi,” &c., and
in the glossary this explanation of the word is given:

“Cokinus, Coquinus.—’Homo vilissimus nec
nisi infimis conquinæ ministeriis natus,’ says Ducange. Charpentier adds
beggar. Here it means the lowest kind of messengers or
errand-boys, like sculls or scullions in colleges.”

But this is too low an estimate of the class.

Having disposed of this passage, I wish now to draw the attention of
your readers who have taken part or interest in the late discussion in
your pages upon certain surnames, to the bearing which this extract, and
others expressive of the individuals there referred to, has upon that
numerous series of names ending in “cock;” about which so many, and, for
these regenerate days, some singular suggestions have been made. The
discussion was, I believe, commenced in the Gentleman’s Magazine
for May, 1837; and, in the number for the same month in the following
year, J. G. N. suggested that many of those names might be referred to
forms of “Coc, koc, le coq, which occur in records as abbreviations of
coquus, cocus—cook.”

How cavalierly the suggestions thus afforded by Mr. Urban’s pages were
treated by Mr. Lower, your readers will see who refer to the pages of
that gentleman’s work upon English Surnames, indicated in the
author’s last communication to you (“N. &. Q.,” Vol. v., p. 509.).
But their faith in the improvement “N. & Q.” has so greatly
contributed to effect in such matters, will not however let them be
deterred by the terms there used from pursuing the subject. It will be
seen that my present contribution will modify the view taken by J. G. N.,
but also, to a considerable extent, support it.

I am not aware that any attempt has been made to show how early these
names were used. I can refer to several instances of the names “Wilcoc”
or “Willecok,” and “Badecok,” two complete examples of the kind, in the
documents of the reign of Edward I.

Those of your readers who are members of the Camden Society have now
before them a copy of a document in which the first of those names occurs
several times. I refer to the small Household Roll of John of Brabant
while at the English court, which is printed in the last volume of the
Camden Society’s Miscellany.

No one doubts that by far the greater part of the names in question
were originally corrupted forms of Christian names, with a suffix. Mr.
Lower has done good service in showing thus much. And any one who refers
to the list in the Royal Wardrobe Account of 28 Edw. I., and especially
those who can also consult other similar manuscripts, will admit that it
would be quite possible that any Christian name might have been so used;
so numerous must have been the class of persons called “cokini.” I will
not further trespass upon your space with specimens of names so
manufactured, as they can be formed with ease upon the first name
“Wilcoc” from “Wille le cok,”—the contracting mark being dropped.
The final letter “k” is of importance, as distinguishing the derivative
from the parent word “coquus;” from what period, and why, is
doubtful. That there is but little early documentary evidence of the
names in their complete state, might be attributed to the inferior class
of the individuals so designated.

Mr. Lower’s sole explanation of the terminal in question is, that it
is a diminutive like “kin;” and in justice to that view, I must not pass
over the evidence afforded by the Brabant Roll of a case where the two
names seem to be interchanged. One of Prince John’s pages is named on the
roll “Hankin” (p. 7. line 3.); while, on the Wardrobe Account three years
previous, where the servants are specified by name, “Hancock” is there,
who is most likely the same person. It will also be seen, that whereas in
the Wardrobe Account the armourer’s name is “Giles,” and the barber’s
“Walter” (see notes to the Brabant Roll), the foreign scribe of the
account dubs them “Gilkin” {280}and “Woterkin.” In following up his
argument upon this subject, Mr. Lower speaks of a person being called
“Little Wilcock,” as an instance of complete tautology: if, however, it
is meant by this (as it seems to be), that a diminutive name was only
applied to a diminutive in person, or only expressed such a one, I am
sure he will find very many differ from him, as affection or familiarity
was at least as likely to have originated its use. Thus, Peter de
Gaveston would surely not be deprived of his knightly fame because he was
called by Prince Edward “Perot” (Pierrote a Pierre). Thus also
came “Amyot” from Amy, “Launcelot” from Laurence, “Gillot” from Giles.
And “kin” has as much right to be so considered. But there being already
these two diminutives in ordinary use as to names of persons, there
surely was no occasion to apply to the same purpose a syllable which
(with a mark of contraction) certainly had a direct meaning, and
expressed a vocation; and which has very rarely been otherwise used in a
diminutive sense.

My object is not so much to advocate any particular solution as
regards these names, as to submit evidence bearing upon the subject, with
such explanations as have occurred to me.

Joseph Burtt.

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE.

The habit of this celebrated author, to annotate in the margins of
books which he was reading, must be well known to many of the subscribers
of “N. & Q.”

I have in my possession a curious little volume of notes, &c. in
Mr. Coleridge’s handwriting, of course very highly prized, from which
extracts were made in vol. i. pp. 274-5., &c. of Coleridge’s
Literary Remains, collected and edited by his nephew, H. N.
Coleridge, Esq., 4 vols., 1836: Pickering.

But, in addition to this volume, I have a few with S. T. Coleridge’s
pencillings in the margins. The following is selected from Dr. Parr’s
celebrated Spital Sermon, and is appended to one of his (Dr.
Parr’s) notes, wherein he says:

“Upon the various effects of superstition, where it has spread widely
and thriven long, we can reason from facts. But in the original frame of
the human mind, and in the operation of all those usual causes which
regulate our conduct or affect our happiness, there seems to be a most
active, constant, and invincible principle of resistance to the
approachments of atheism. ‘All nature cries aloud’ against them, ‘through
all her works,’ not in speculation only, but in practice.”

Mr. Coleridge’s annotation upon the foregoing opinion of the learned
Doctor is as follows; and I select it as a specimen of Coleridge’s
astonishing recollection of any opinions he had formerly promulgated,
which might have called any laxity of principle, religious, moral, or
political, into doubt, and of his extreme anxiety to refute or explain
them:

“I never had even a doubt in my being concerning the supreme
Mind; but understand too sufficiently the difficulty of any intellectual
demonstrations of his existence, and see too plainly how inevitably the
principles of many pious men (Locke, Priestley, Hartley, even Archbishop
King) would lead to atheism by fair production of consequences, not to
feel in perfect charity with all good men, atheist or theist; and, let me
add, though I now seem to feel firm ground of reason under my
belief in God, not gratefully to attribute my uniform past theism
more to general feeling than to depth of understanding. Within this
purpose I hope that, without offence, I may declare my conviction, that
in the French Revolution atheism was an effect, not a cause; that the
same wicked men, under other circumstances and fashions, would have done
the same things as Anabaptists within Munster, or as Inquisitors among
the South American Indians; and that atheism from conviction, and as a
ruling motive and impulse (in which case only can it be fairly compared
with superstition), is a quiescent state and per se harmless to
all but the atheist himself. Rather is it that overwhelming preference of
experimental philosophy, which, by smothering over more delicate
perceptions, and debilitating often to impotence the faculty of going
into ourselves, leads to atheism as a conscious creed, and in its extreme
is atheism in its essence. This rather is, I should deem, the more
perilous, and a plainer and better object for philosophical attack. O!
bring back Jack the Giant Killer and the Arabian Nights to
our children, and Plato and his followers to new men, and let us have
chemistry as we have watchmakers or surgeons (I select purposely
honourable and useful callings), as a division of human labour, as
worthy profession for a few, not as a glittering master-feature of the
education of men, women, and children.—S. T. C.”

J. M. G.

Worcester.

FOLK LORE.

The ancient Custom of Well-flowering.—At Tissington, near
Ashbourne, Derbyshire, annually, on Ascension Day, a beautiful ceremony
called the “well-flowering” takes place; and in it Psalms used by the
Church of England are partially employed. It is a popular recognition of
the value of those “perpetual fountains which gush out from below the dry
wolds and limestone hills, bearing life and beauty on their
course,—objects,” remarks Professor Phillips in his admirable work
on The Rivers, Mountains, and Sea Coasts of Yorkshire (recently
published), “on which rustic love and admiration may tastefully bestow
the emblematic flowers and grateful songs, which constituted a pleasing
form of popular worship in the earlier ages of the world.” Perhaps some
correspondents of “N. & Q.” may be enabled to mention other {281}villages
besides Tissington in which this innocent and pleasing custom is still
observed. I am aware that there are many places, especially in the north
of England, in which a rustic celebration takes place annually at wells
sacred from olden time; but is not the “well-flowering” a distinct
custom?

Wm. Sidney Gibson.

Newcastle.

Devil’s Marks in Swine.—”We don’t kill a pig every day,”
but we did a short time since; and after its hairs were scraped off, our
attention was directed to six small rings, about the size of a pea, and
in colour as if burnt or branded, on the inside of each fore leg, and
disposed curvilinearly. Our labourer informed us with great gravity, and
evidently believed it, that these marks were caused by the pressure of
the devil’s fingers, when he entered the herd of swine which immediately
ran violently into the sea.—See Mark v. 11-15.; Luke viii. 22,
33.

Tee Bee.

Festival of Baal.—The late Lady Baird, of Ferntower, in
Perthshire, told me that, every year at “Beltane” (or the 1st of May), a
number of men and women assembled at an ancient druidical circle of
stones on her property, near Crieff. They light a fire in the centre;
each person puts a bit of oatcake into a shepherd’s bonnet; they all sit
down and draw blindfold a piece of cake from the bonnet. One piece has
been previously blackened, and whoever gets that piece has to jump
through the fire in the centre of the circle and to pay a forfeit. This
is, in fact, a part of the ancient worship of Baal, and the person on
whom the lot fell was formerly burnt as a sacrifice; now, the passing
through the fire represents that, and the payment of the forfeit redeems
the victim. It is curious that staunch Presbyterians, as the people of
that part of Perthshire now are, should unknowingly keep up the
observance of a great heathen festival.

L. M. M. R.

LORD MONBODDO.

In my copy of The Origin and Progress of Language, I have
recorded a little ἀνέκδοτον of
the author, which is now probably known to nobody but myself, and which
you may perhaps think worth preservation. It was related to me some
fifteen years ago, by a learned physician of this city, now deceased, who
had it from Dr. James Gregory himself.

It appears that Lord Monboddo, in spite of failing health and very
advanced age, felt a wish to pay one more visit to the English
metropolis, in the literary circles of which he was fond of mingling.
That he had actually set out upon this formidable journey, was known to
Dr. Gregory, who, being a few hours afterwards at a short distance from
Edinburgh, was a little surprised to meet his venerable friend returning
homewards. He was on horseback, equipped in his usual travelling
costume,—cocked hat, scarlet roquelaure, and jack-boots, but
looking extremely ill and depressed in spirits. “What, so soon returned?”
was Dr. Gregory’s exclamation. “Yes,” said the old man, “I feel myself
quite unequal to the journey, and was just thinking of a passage in
Horace, and adapting it to my own case.” “What, ‘Solve senescentem?'”
said the Doctor. “No,” replied his lordship, “it is one not quite so
hackneyed.” He then repeated, with much emotion, the following lines from
the second Satire of the second book:

This was the last time Dr. Gregory saw him out of doors, and he died
not long after.

W. L. Nichols.

Bath.

ST. VALENTINE.

The subjoined cutting from an American newspaper (Wooster
Democrat, Feb. 3) will show the persistent vitality of popular
follies, and at the same time serve to exhibit the peculiar
literature of transatlantic advertisements:

“The great increase in Marriages throughout Wayne Co. during the past
year, is said to be occasioned by the superior excellence of the

V A L E N T I N E S

sold by George Howard. Indeed so complete was his success in this
line, that Cupid has again commissioned him as the ‘Great High Priest’ of
Love, Courtship, and Marriage, and has supplied George with the most
complete and perfect assortment of ‘Love’s Armor’ ever before offered to
the citizens of Wayne County. During the past year the ‘Blind God’ has
centred his thoughts on producing something in the line far surpassing
anything he has heretofore issued. And it is with ‘feelinks’ of the
greatest joy that he is able to announce that he has succeeded.

‘Howard has got them.

“To those susceptible persons whose hearts were captured during the
past year, George refers, and advises others to call on them, and find
them on their way rejoicing, shouting praises to the name of Howard. The
‘blessings’ descend unto even the third and fourth generations, and it is
probable that the business will go on increasing year upon year, until
Howard’s Valentines will be a ‘household word’ throughout the land. The
children on the house-top will call to the passers-by, shouting

Howard’s Valentines!

while the cry is echoed from the ground, and swelling over hill and
vale reverberates the country through.

{282}

“Remember that the only regularly authorised dispenser of Cupid’s
goods is

George Howard,

“Two doors East of the American House, Wooster, O.

“ Orders by mail promptly attended to. Prices range from six cents to
five dollars.”

---

“VALENTINES!!

“A large and splendid assortment of Valentines, together with all the
necessary fixings, for sale wholesale and retail, at the New Column
Building.

“J. H. Baumgardner & Co.

“Wooster, Feb. 3, 1853.”

---

“Valentines.—Behold St. Valentine’s day
is coming, and all are seeking for messages to be dispatched under cover
of this Saint, to friend or foe. They are provided, of all kinds, styles,
and varieties, ready for use. The turtle dove kind, with its coo! coo!
the sensibly sentimental, the cutting, and severe, and in short
everything that can be required. Just call on George Howard or J. H.
Baumgardner & Co., and you can be suited to a T.”

S. R. P.

Minor Notes.

His Excellency David Hartley.—In the Gentleman’s
Magazine of January last (which I have only lately seen), there is
inserted at page 8. a letter signed by “Benjamin Franklin and John Jay,”
and addressed to His Excellency David Hartley, announcing the arrival in
Europe of the ratification, by the Congress of the United States, of the
definitive treaty of peace between Great Britain and the United States,
and stating that they were ready to exchange the ratification with Mr.
Hartley.

In a note prefixed to this letter, the editor of the review states
that Mr. Hartley “then held some other diplomatic appointment from the
United States.”

Now this is a mistake. Mr. Hartley was the British plenipotentiary who
signed that treaty at Paris in September, 1783, with the American
plenipotentiaries, and held no diplomatic appointment from the United
States. He was therefore the proper person to exchange the ratifications
with the American plenipotentiaries.

The treaty is printed at full length in Chalmers’ Collection of
Treaties, together with Mr. Hartley’s full power as the
British plenipotentiary.

J. B.

The Life and Correspondence of S. T. Coleridge.—It is
much to be regretted that no proper life of the “noticeable man” has yet
appeared. There is no lack of “reminiscences,” and “recollections,” and
“conversations,” conveying, distorted views of his life and character,
and exaggerated statements of his faults and failings; but his life has
yet to be written. And now would be the time, whilst some of his friends
and cotemporaries are still living, to do justice to his memory. Scott,
Southey, Wordsworth, have had their lives copiously illustrated, and even
little Tommy Moore is (cosa stupenda) to have ten volumes
devoted to his life, whilst Coleridge, the myriad-minded, still waits for
a biographer. And who would be so suitable as Derwent Coleridge to
perform the office!

J. M. B.

An old Riddle.—I lately found the following mysterious
verse upon a scrap of paper. It is of the time of Henry VIII.:

J. Bt.

The Word “rather.”—The word rather is, as far as I
know (if I am wrong, perhaps some of your correspondents will correct me)
a solitary instance in our language of a comparative regularly formed
from a positive which is now obsolete. In the Cant. Tales, v.
13029., we find the positive form:

where rathe means “early, soon.”

The earliest use of the comparative degree which I can find, is in a
piece of Anglo-Norman poetry preserved in Hickes’s Thesaurus, and
given in Ellis’s Specimens, vol. i. p. 73.:

Here we have the adverbial form; but in Chaucer’s Troilus and
Creseide, iii. 1342., we find the adjectival form:

where, according to the principle laid down by Dr. Latham, in his
English Language, p. 262., 2nd edit., we should, I suppose,
pronounce it rayther.

This word has sustained various modifications of meaning, but they are
in general easily deducible from the original signification: e.g.
the phrase “I had rather” is easily explained, as far as the word
rather is concerned; for that which we do more quickly, we do
preferably. But in such expressions as “I am rather tired,”
equivalent to “I am a little tired,” the explanation is not so obvious.
In this case rather seems to mean “In greater degree than
otherwise.” Now, in such sentences as “I am glad you are come, the
rather that I have work for you to do,” rather seems to
require the signification “in a greater degree;” and may we not therefore
explain the case in question as an elliptical expression for “rather than
not?” If {283}so, is it not a solitary instance of such
a construction in our language? Perhaps some of your correspondents can
inform me, at what period this use of the word was introduced; for it is
doubtless a modern innovation.

Erica.

Warwick.

In Jesum Cruci affixum.—

The present holy season has brought to my recollection the above
beautiful lines, which were shown up some fifty years ago, for long copy,
by a schoolfellow at Blundell’s school, Tiverton, and copied into my
scrap-book. I think they are from the Poemata of Joannes Audoenus,
but am not sure of it; of this, however, I am sure, they cannot be better
made known to the world than by your excellent publication.

William Collyns.

Harlow.

Queries.

CORBET PEERAGE.

Sarah, widow of Sir Vincent Corbet, Bart., was created (23rd October,
1679) Viscountess Corbet, of Linchlade, co. Bucks, for her natural life;
and in the patent the preamble runs,—that his Majesty Charles
II.,

“Having taken into his royal consideration the great worth and merits
of the trusty and well-beloved Sarah Lady Corbet, together with the
faithful services of the late Sir Vincent Corbet, grants,” &c.

This evidently explains but little of the real reason both of the
grant and its limitation. Lady Corbet had, besides four daughters, two
sons then living: both in turns succeeded to the baronetcy. If the
peerage were a reward for the services of the late Sir Vincent (those
services, indeed, consisting in his having been completely routed by Sir
Will Brereton at Nantwich, and afterwards with six troops of horse taken
by surprise at Drayton, followed eventually by fine and
sequestration),—if, I say, for these services, nineteen years after
the Restoration, and certainly three after Sir Vincent’s own death, the
peerage were bestowed on his widow, then why was it limited for her life?
Why was the unusual course taken of actually excluding the succession of
the issue, who naturally should have been the recipients of the honour?
We may conclude, therefore, the motive was personal favour, “the great
worth and merits” of Lady Corbet in fact, as the patent first asserts;
but then the Query arises what these were. Tradition says Lady Corbet was
a beauty and a favourite (the term may be understood) at a
profligate court, and the peerage was the reward; but I cannot discover
that this is more than tradition, and have never found any corroborative
authority even among the many scandalous histories of the time, and I am
most desirous to know if any such evidence can be given.

It may be as well to add that in 1679 Lady Corbet was sixty-six
years of age; but we may presume she still had attractions (unless these
were only her rank) from the fact that two months later she remarried Sir
Charles Lee of Billesley.

Monson.

Gatton Park.

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON A MARÉCHAL DE FRANCE.

The Revue Britannique, in its Number for November, 1852, under
the head of “Nouvelles des Sciences,” gives an account of the Duke of
Wellington’s funeral, and enumerates the titles of the illustrious
deceased, as proclaimed on the occasion by Garter King-at-Arms. The
writer marks in Italics those of Duc de Brunoy en France,
Maréchal de France, and Chevalier du Saint-Esprit, and then
appends these remarks:

“Que le titre de Duc de Brunoy ait été donné réellement par Louis
XVIII. à Lord Wellington, c’est croyable. Le roi pouvait créer ce duché
en sa faveur, sans blesser aucune susceptibilité militaire. Mais que ce
prince politique ait pu nommer Maréchal de France un général étranger,
auquel il préférait donner le cordon du Saint-Esprit, plutôt que la
simple croix de la Légion-d’Honneur, qu’on cherche en vain dans la liste
des Ordres dont Lord Wellington fut décoré, c’est plus difficile à
croire, à moins que cette nomination n’ait eu lieu avec des reserves et
des conditions de secret, qui auraient fort peu satisfait celui qu’on
supposait, sans doute, ambitieux d’un pareil honneur, puisque on le lui
offrait. Le nombre des Maréchaux fut limité et non augmenté sous la
Restoration. Louis XVIII. crea une Maréchale, il est vrai;—Si Lord
Wellington fut nommé Maréchal, ce titre, restreint à une qualification
honorifique, comme celle de la veuve de Moreau, ne put jamais lui
conférer aucun rang dans l’armée Française. Je somme ici le roi d’armes
Jarretière de vouloir bien produire le diplôme du noble duc.”

No man ever stood less in need of foreign orders than the Duke of
Wellington; and no man ever {284}had so many of them conferred upon him. As
he was the last to assume a title that did not belong to him, so he would
have been the first to repudiate any such pretension, if put forward by
others on his behalf. Allow me therefore to ask, Would it be inconsistent
with what is due to the memory of the great Duke, or with our sense of
national honour, to undertake the task of clearing up the doubts thus
thrown out respecting his claim to the title of Maréchal de France? I
believe these doubts have been repeated in other French journals, and
that no reply has yet been made to them by the English press.

Henry H. Breen.

St. Lucia.

Minor Queries.

Prophecy in Hoveden.—I should be extremely obliged if any
one of your numerous readers would give me the following information. In
the account given by Hoveden (p. 678. of the Frankfort edition of Sir H.
Savile’s Scriptores post Bedam) of the proceedings during the stay
of Richard I. at Messina, that author says:

“Then was fulfilled the prophecy which was found written in ancient
characters on tablets of stone, near a vill of the King of England, which
is called ‘Here,’ and which King Henry gave to William Fitz-Stephen. Here
the said William built a new house on a pinnacle, on which he placed the
figure of a stag, which is supposed to have been done that the said
prophecy might be fulfilled, which was to the following effect:

‘Whan thu seches in Here hert yreret.

Than sulen Engles in three be ydeled.

That han sal into Yrland altolate waie,

That other into Puille mid prude bi seue,

The thridde into Airhahen herd alle wreken drechegen.'”

This is evidently full of typographical errors, and may be more
correctly set forth in the English edition of 1596, which I have not at
hand. I therefore wish for information on these points:

1. What is the correct version of this prophecy, and where may it be
found?

2. What place is meant by “Here?”

I need hardly say that I have no difficulty as to the first two lines:
“When you see a hart reared (erected) in Here, then shall England be
divided into three parts.”

J. H. V.

A Skating Problem.—The motto of your paper is, “When
found, make a note of it.” Here then is one for you.

In several of my skating excursions I have observed, and noted it to
others, that ice of just sufficient strength to bear any one in skates
standing upon it, will instantly break if tried by the same person
without having skates on. I don’t know if any of your readers have made
the same discovery: if so, can they explain the cause? If, on the
contrary, any are incredulous enough to doubt the fact, I would recommend
them to test the truth of my statement by a personal trial, before they
pass a hasty judgment of the subject.

A Skater.

“Rap and rend for.“—In Dryden’s Prologue to The
Disappointment, or the Mother in Fashion, we find these lines:

“All they can rap and run for” is the more frequent colloquial version
of this quaint phrase.

In Chaucer’s “Chanones Yeman’s Tale” it stands thus:

And to this last word Tyrwhit, in his Glossary, gives “rend?” with a
mark of interrogation, as doubtful of the meaning.

Johnson gives it “rap and rend,” and quotes a line of Hudibras:

and adds, “more properly, rap and ran; Sax., to bind, and rana, Icelandic, to plunder.”

The question is, are we to accept this phrase in the sense it is
commonly used, to seize and plunder; or have later and better
philologists mended the version?

The context in Chaucer does not seem to warrant the interpretation
given by Tyrwhit. The narrator is warning his hearers against the
rogueries of alchemy:

M.

“The wee brown Hen.“—Can any of your correspondents
oblige me with a copy of the old Jacobin song, the “Wee brown Hen?” It
begins thus:

The words are very old, and conveyed a certain religious and political
allusion. I know the tune {285}of it, and I shall take it as a favour to
be furnished with a correct version of the songs.

Fras. Crossley.

Deprived Bishops of Scotland, 1638.—Neither Bishop Keith,
with all his industry (in his Hist. Catal. of the Scottish
Bishops), nor subsequent ecclesiastical writers on the same subject,
appear to have been able to mention the period of the deaths of nearly
all those prelates deprived of their sees in 1638. The researches of late
years may, perhaps, have been more successful, and in that hope I now
venture to inquire when and where the lives of the following Scottish
bishops came to a close—1. David Lindsay, Bishop of Edinburgh. 2.
Alex. Lindsay, Bishop of Dunkeld. 3. Adam Ballenden, Bishop of Aberdeen.
4. John Guthrie, Bishop of Moray. 5. James Fairly, Bishop of Argyle. 6.
Neil Campbell, Bishop of the Isles. 7. John Abernethy, Bishop of
Caithness. 8. Geo. Graham, Bishop of Orkney; and 9. Robert Baron, Bishop
elect of Orkney, 1638. The Archbishops of St. Andrew and Glasgow, and
Bishops of Brechin, Dunblane, Ross, and Galloway, are slightly noticed,
though even in these few there are discrepancies, both as to year and
place of demise, which might be corrected. The later ecclesiastical
records of Scotland are also exceedingly scanty; for Mr. Perceval, with
all his acumen and research (in his Apology for the Doctrine of
Apostolical Succession, 2nd edit., Appendix, pp. 250-3.),
acknowledges with regret his inability to give more particulars of the
consecrations in Scotland between 1662 and 1688, for the column with
names of consecrators is without dates of consecrations during that
period, and is, with very few exceptions, a blank. In continuation of
this topic, may I inquire when and where the two following bishops,
deprived in 1690, died?—1. John Hamilton, Bishop of Dunkeld and 2.
Archibald Graham, Bishop of the Isles. The notices given by Bishop Keith,
of the other deprived Scottish bishops, are also exceedingly brief and
meagre; nor has Mr. Lawson (Hist. Scot. Epis. Ch.) added much.

A. S. A.

Wuzzeerabad.

Passage in Carlyle.—Carlyle (French Revolution,
vol. i.), in his description of the horrors attendant on the death-bed of
Louis XV., mentions the ghosts of the men “who sank shamefully on so many
battle-fields from Rossbach to Quebec, that thy harlot might take revenge
for an epigram.” Who was the harlot, and what the epigram?

Ficulnus.

Madagascar Poetry.—Can any of the readers of “N. &
Q.” throw any light upon the origin of the following lines? I found them
among family papers, written about the year 1805, where they are
described as the “Invocation of Madagascrian Spirit;” by which, I
imagine, we are to infer that they are a translation of some native lay
from the island of Madagascar:

C. S.

Ink.—From the following lines by Whitehead, which I find
in my note-book, I am induced to ask who was the inventor of ink?

Philip S. King.

Hamilton Queries (Vol. vi., p. 429.).—Lord Brayboooke says, in writing of Lord Spencer
Hamilton, that he “was a younger son of James, third Duke of Hamilton.” I
find, on referring to a Peerage, date about 1720 (I cannot quote it more
particularly, as it has no title-page), that the third inheritor of the
dukedom of Hamilton was Anne, daughter of the first and niece of the
second Duke of Hamilton; and that she married William, Earl of Selkirk,
eldest son of the Marquis of Douglas. The date would better accord with
Lord Spencer’s being a son of James, fifth Duke of Hamilton. Was
it not so?

Sir William Hamilton.—Who was the first wife of Sir W.
Hamilton, the celebrated ambassador, and when did he marry her? Who was
the second, who has attained such notoriety in connexion with Nelson’s
name; and when and where were they married?

Was Single-speech Hamilton a member of the ducal family of Hamilton?
If so, his lineage from that house?

Tee Bee.

Derivation of Windfall.—Arvine, in his Cyclopædia,
gives the following plausible reason for the origin of this term, now in
such common use. Query, Is he correct?

“Some of the nobility of England, by the tenure of their estates, were
forbidden felling any trees in the forests upon them, the timber being
reserved for the use of the royal navy. Such trees as fell without
cutting, were the property of the occupant. A tornado was therefore a
perfect god-send, in every sense of the word, to those who had occupancy
of extensive forests; and the windfall was sometimes of very great
value.”

W. W.

Malta.

Do the Sun’s Rays put out the Fire?—There is a current
and notorious idea, that the admission of the sun-light into a room puts
the fire out; and, {286}after making every deduction for an
apparent effect in this matter, I confess I am disposed to think that the
notion is not an erroneous one. Can any of your correspondents account
for it on philosophical principles, or disprove it experimentally?

C. W. B.

Denmark and Slavery.—Dr. Madden, in A Twelve Months’
Residence in the West Indies, 1834, says, in allusion to a remark of
Mr. Brydges, to the effect that England was the last European power to
enter into the slave trade, and the first to abandon it, “This is
inaccurate: to the honour of Denmark be it spoken, the slave trade was
abolished by her five years before England performed that act of tardy
justice to humanity” (vol. ii. p. 128.). The object of the present
communication is neither to question nor disparage the merit here claimed
for Denmark, in reference to “the slave trade:” it concerns the
abolition of slavery itself by that power. I shall therefore be
obliged to any reader of “N. & Q.” who will inform me when freedom
was granted to the negroes in the Danish island of St. Thomas, in the
same manner as to those of the British West Indian colonies in 1838? And
also in what work I can find any detailed account of such act of
manumission?

L. L.

Spontaneous Combustion.—Is there such a thing as
spontaneous combustion?

H. A. B.

Bucks, most ancient and honourable Society of.—A candid
inquiry into the principles and practices of this society, with its
history, rules, and songs, was published in 1770. It appeared that there
were at that time thirteen lodges of the society in London, and a few in
other places. Do any lodges of this society still exist? Did they issue
any medals? Do they, or did they, wear any badges? Who wore them,
officers only, or all members? How many varieties were there, and of what
sizes? The book I have, and two varieties of what I suppose may have been
worn as badges.

Edw. Hawkins.

Lines quoted by Charles Lamb.—There are some lines quoted
by Charles Lamb in one of the Essays of Elia: I am very anxious to
know whose they are:

L. M. M. R.

Descendants of Dr. Bill.—Are there any records extant of
the family or descendants of Dr. Bill, whose name is first on the list of
those who drew up the Prayer-Book, tempus Edward VI.? He was also Lord
Almoner to Queen Elizabeth. Dr. Bill’s only daughter and heiress, Mary
Bill, was married to Sir Francis Samwell: had she any family, and did
they assume the name of Bill?

Did a branch of the family settle in Staffordshire, and where?

A. R. M.

“The Rebellious Prayer.“—Can any of your readers inform
me whether some stanzas entitled “The Rebellious Prayer” have ever yet
appeared in print, and, if so, in what collection of poems they are to be
met with? The opening lines are as follows:

They describe the anxious watchings of a wife at the sick couch of her
husband. In her agony she prays that his life may be spared, at whatever
cost: her prayer is granted, and her husband is restored, but bereft of
reason.

J. A.

Ravenshaw and his Works.—Can any of your readers give me
information, or refer me to any works, of John Ravenshaw, who was ejected
from Holme-Chapel^[2] under the Act of Uniformity? He is
described by Calamy as having been a good scholar, and possessing a taste
for poetry.

B.

Minor Queries with Answers.

Yolante de Dreux (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 209.)—J. Y. has
given this queen’s second marriage, but not the date or the names of her
issue. I am aware that her husband Arthur II. (not I.) was Duke of
Bretagne, 1305-12, and that her only son John III., born 1293, succeeded;
but the names and marriages of her five daughters still remain unnoticed,
as also any notices of her father the Count of Dreux, or of her
mother.

A. S. A.

Wuzzeerabad.

{287}

Bishop Francis Turner.—He left a manuscript Life of
Nicholas Ferrar of Little Gidding, which formed the basis of Dr.
Peckard’s Life of Ferrar, reprinted in Wordsworth’s
Ecclesiastical Biography. Where can this manuscript be found? Are
there any literary remains of the bishop to be met with anywhere?

J. J. J.

Raleigh’s History.—What is the story of Raleigh’s burning
the second volume of his History?

Recnac.

Replies.

EPITAPHS.

(Vol. vii., p. 178.)

The following is a real epitaph. It was written by Dr.
Greenwood on his wife, who died in childbed, and it is in all probability
still to be seen, where it was originally set up, in Solyhull churchyard,
Warwickshire. The most amusing point in it is, that the author seriously
intended the lines to rhyme. There is wonderful merit in the couplet
where he celebrates her courage and magnanimity in preferring him to a
lord or judge:

The advice contained in the last couplet is sound.

F. D.

Pershore.

Your correspondent Erica gives us some
quotations and epitaphs, in which the metaphor of an Inn is applied both
to life and death. I find the former of these ideas embodied in the
following distich, copied from a tombstone at Llangollen in North Wales,
a village much frequented not only by tourists, but by holiday-makers
from all the surrounding districts; for whose especial benefit I conceive
the epitaph to have been written:

George S. Masters.

Welsh Hampton, Salop.

“The bathos can no further go” (Vol. vii., p. 5.).—

Inscription copied, Nov. 21, 1833, from a tombstone to a fisherman in
Bathford churchyard.

“He drags no more, his nets reclin’d,

And all his tackle left behind,

His anchors cast within the veil,

No storms tempestious him assail.

In peace he rest—an Jesus plain

Reader I here lies—an honest man,

A husband—father—friend—compeer—

To all—who knew him—truely dear.

Search the Great Globe!—How few, alas!

Are worthy now to—take his place.”

B. H. 1805.”

Some rural wag had substituted with his pencil {288}three words for the
last three, which certainly rhymed better with alas!

E. D.

Allow me to send you one of much merit, founded upon the same metaphor
as those inserted at the page above quoted:

Edw. Hawkins.

THROWING OLD SHOES FOR LUCK.

(Vol. ii., p. 196.; Vol. v., p. 143.; Vol. vii., p. 182.)

Some light may perhaps be thrown on this mysterious custom by the
following quotation from the Réfutation des Opinions de Jean Wier,
by Bodin, the celebrated French jurisconsult, and author of the
Demonomanie des Sorciers (Paris, 1586), to the quarto edition of
which the Réfutation is generally found attached. It may be
necessary to observe, for the benefit of those unacquainted with
demoniacal lore, that Wier, though a pupil of Cornelius Agrippa, and what
would be now-a-days termed exceedingly superstitious, was far in advance
of his age, and the first to assert that some, at least, of the many
persons who were then burned for sorcery were merely hypochondriacs and
lunatics,—fitter subjects for the care of the physician than the
brand of the executioner. This heterodox opinion brought upon him
a crowd of antagonistic replies, and amongst them the Réfutation
of Bodin. During a cursory examination of Wier’s voluminous demonological
works (De Lamiis Liber; Item de Commentatiis Jejuniis;
De Præstigiis Demonum, et Incantationibus ac Veneficiis: Basil,
1583), I have not met with the passage underneath referred to by Bodin;
but, no doubt, if time permitted, a closer search would discover it:

“Il se mocque aussi d’une Sorciere, à qui Sathan commanda de garder
bien ses vieux souliers, pour un preservatif, et contre-charme contre les
autre Sorciers. Je dy que ce conseil de Sathan a double sens, les
souliers signifient les pechez, comme estas tousiours trainnez par les
ordures. Et quand Dieu dist à Moyse et à Josué, oste tes souliers, ce
lieu est pur, et sainct: il entendoit, comme dict Philon Hebrieu, qu’il
faut bien nettoyer son ame de peches, pour contempler et louer Dieu. Mais
pour converser avec Sathan, il faut estre souillé, et plongé en
perpetuelle impietez et mechancetez: alors Sathan assistera à ses bons
serviteurs. Et quand aux sens literal, nous avons dict que Sathan fait ce
qu’il peut, pour destourner les hommes de la fiance de Dieu aux
creatures, qui est la vraye definition de l’idolatrie, que les
Theologiens ont baillie: tellement que qui croira, que ses vieux
souliers, ou les bilets, et autres babioles qu’il porte, le peut garder
de mal, il est perpetuelle idolatrie.”

W. Pinkerton.

Ham.

It will, I fear, be difficult to discover a satisfactory answer to
Lord Braybrooke’s questions on these two points.
They cannot certainly be traceable to a Pagan origin, for Cupid is always
pourtrayed barefooted; and there is not, I believe, a single statue to be
found of a sandaled Venus. I can certainly direct his Lordship to one
author, a Christian author, St. Gregory of Tours, who refers to a curious
practice, and seemingly one well recognised, of lovers presenting
shoes, as they now do bouquets, to the objects of their
affection:

“Cumqu, ut ætate huic convenit, amori se puellari præstaret
affabiblem, et cum poculis frequentibus etiam calceamenta
deferret.”—Gregor. Turon. Ex Vitis Patrum, vol. ii. p. 449.:
see also same page, note 3.

W. B. MacCabe.

Allow me to inform Lord Braybrooke that the
custom of throwing a shoe, taken from the left foot, after persons for
good luck, has been practised in Norfolk from time immemorial, not only
at weddings, but on all occasions where good luck is required. Some forty
years ago a cattle dealer desired his wife to “trull her left shoe arter
him,” when he started for Norwich to buy a lottery-ticket. As he drove
off on his errand, he looked round to see if she performed the charm, and
consequently he received the shoe in his face, with such force as to
black his eyes. He went and bought his ticket, which turned up a prize of
600l.; and his son has assured me that his father always
attributed his luck to the extra dose of shoe which he got.

E. G. R.

The custom of throwing an old shoe after a person departing from home,
as a mode of wishing him good luck and prosperity in his undertaking, is
not confined to Scotland and the northern counties, nor to weddings. It
prevails more or less, I believe, throughout the kingdom. I have seen it
in Cheshire, and frequently in towns upon the sea-coast. I once received
one upon my shoulder, at Swansea, which was intended for a young sailor
leaving his home to embark upon a trading voyage.

Edw. Hawkins.

OWEN GLYNDWR [OWEN AP GRIFFITH VYCHAN, LORD OF GLYNDWRDWY].

(Vol. vii., p. 205.)

The arms referred to by Mr. Woodward are those
on the great seal and privy seal of “the irregular and wild Glendower,”
as Prince of Wales, {289}attached to two documents deposited in the
Hotel Soubise, at Paris, in the Cartons I. 623. and I. 392., relating, it
is supposed, to the furnishing of troops to the Welsh prince by Charles
VI., king of France. Casts of these seals were taken by the indefatigable
Mr. Doubleday, to whom the Seal department of the British Museum, over
which he presides, is so much indebted; and impressions were exhibited by
Sir Henry Ellis at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries, on the 12th
of December, 1833. Engravings of them, accompanied by the following
notice, were communicated by Sir Henry to the Archæologia, and
will be found in that publication, vol. xxv. plate lxx. fig. 2, 3. page
616., and ibid. pp. 619, 620.:

“The great seal has an obverse and reverse. On the obverse Owen is
represented, with a bifid beard, very similar to Rich. II., seated under
a canopy of Gothic tracery: the half body of a wolf forming the arms of
his chair on each side: the background is ornamented with a mantle semée
of lions, held up by angels. At his feet are two lions. A sceptre is in
his right hand, but he has no crown. The inscription: ‘Owenus … Princeps Wallie.’ On the reverse of the
great seal Owen is represented on horseback, in armour; in his right
hand, which is extended, he holds a sword, and with his left his shield,
charged with, Quarterly, four lions rampant; a drapery, probably a
kerchief de plesaunce, or handkerchief won at a tournament,
pendant from his right wrist. Lions rampant also appear upon the mantle
of the horse. On his helmet, as well as on his horse’s head, is the Welsh
dragon [passant]. The area of the seal is diapered with roses. The
inscription on this side seems to fill the gap upon the obverse ‘Owenus Dei gratia … Wallie.’

“The privy seal represents the four lions rampant towards the
spectator’s left, on a shield, surmounted by an open coronet [crown]: the
dragon^[3] of
Wales, as a supporter, on the dexter side; on the sinister, a lion. The
inscription seems to have been ‘Sigillum Oweni Principis Wallie.’ No impression of this seal is
probably now to be found either in Wales or England. Its workmanship
shows that Owen Glyndwr possessed a taste for art beyond the types of the
seals of his predecessors.”

The dragon is a favourite figure with Cambrian bards; and, not to
multiply instances, the following lines may be cited from the poem of the
“Hirlas Horn,” by Owen Cyfeilioc, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn,—

father of Gwenwynwyn, Prince of Powys Wenwynwyn (the Gwenwen of Sir
Walter Scott’s Betrothed):—

Gray, whose “Bard” indicates the inspiration with which he had seized
the poetry and traditions of the Cymri, thus refers to the red dragon as
the cognizance of the Welsh monarchs, in his Triumphs of Owen [ap
Griffith, Prince of North Wales]:

The dragon and lion have been attributed to the Welsh monarchs, as
insignia, from an early period, and the former is ascribed,
traditionally, to the great Cadwallader.

In the Archæologia, vol. xx. p. 579. plate xxix. p. 578., are
descriptions of engravings of the impressions of two seals appendant to
charters of Edward, son of Edward IV., and Arthur, son of Henry VII., as
Princes of Wales, the obverse of each bearing three lions in pale
passant, reguardant, having their tails between their legs, reflected
upon their backs, upon a shield {290}surmounted by a cap of maintenance: Prince
Edward’s shield has on each side a lion as a supporter, holding single
feathers, with the motto “Ich dien.” On Prince Arthur’s seal, the
feathers are supported by dragons. Thomas William King, Rouge
Dragon, in a letter to Sir Samuel Meyrick, dated 4th September, 1841,
published in the Archæologia, vol. xxix. p. 408., Appendix,
regards the lions on these shields as to the ensigns attributed at the
period of the seals to certain Welsh princes, and the dragon as the badge
of Cadwallader.

In a MS. (for reference to which I am indebted to the courtesy of Sir
Frederick Madden), which was recently sold at Sotheby’s, containing
translations by Johannes Boerius, presented to Henry, Prince of Wales,
son of Henry VII., about 1505, there is a beautiful illumination
containing the arms of that prince: Quarterly France and England, with
the red dragon as the dexter, and the greyhound of the House of York as
the sinister, supporter.

“The red fierye dragō beeten upō white and greene
sarcenet” was the charge of a standard offered by Henry VII. at St.
Paul’s, on his entry into London after his victory at Bosworth Field; and
this standard was represented on the corner of his tomb, held by an angel
(Willement’s Regal Heraldry, 4to., London, 1821, p. 57.). The red
dragon rampant was assumed as a supporter by Henry VII. in indication of
his Welsh descent, and was borne as a supporter, either on the dexter or
sinister side of the shield, by all the other English monarchs of the
House of Tudor, with the exception of Queen Mary, who substituted for it
an eagle: and among the badges attributed to our present sovereign is, in
respect of Wales, “a dragon passant, wings elevated gu., upon a mount
vert.”

It may be assumed, with little doubt, that the colour of the dragon
borne by Owen Glyndwr was rouge; and although the colour of the
other supporter of his shield, the lion, is not susceptible of such
positive inference, it may be conjectured to have been sable, the
colour of the lion, the principal charge on his hereditary shield.

To Mr. Woodward’s immediate Query as to the
blazon—colour of the field and charges—of the arms on these
seals, I can afford no direct answer, never having met with any trace of
these arms in the extensive collections of Welsh MSS. to which I have had
access. These ensigns may have been adopted by Owen as arms of
dominion (as those of Ireland by the English sovereigns) on his
assumption of the principality of Wales, a suggestion countenanced, if
not established, by four lions quarterly (“Quarterly gules and or, four
lions rampant, counterchanged”) being assigned to Griffith ap Llewelyn
(killed April, 28 Hen. III., 1244, in attempting to escape from the
Tower), eldest son of Llewelyn ap Iorwerth, prince of Wales (dead 31st
November, 25 Hen. III., 1240), father of the ill-fated and gallant
Llewelyn ap Griffith, last sovereign of Wales, slain at Builth, December
10, 8 Ed. I., 1282. Further confirmation is, perhaps, afforded to this
suggestion by Owen having, it is understood, vindicated his assumption of
the Cambrian throne as heir of the three sovereign dynasties of North
Wales, South Wales, and Powys respectively,—of the last, as male
representative, through the Lords of Bromfield, of Madoc ap Meredith, the
last monarch of that principality; and of the two former as their
heir-general, in respect of his mother, Elenor, sister of Owen (ap Thomas
ap Llewelyn), Lord, with his paternal uncle, Owen ap Llewelyn ap Owen, of
the comot [hundred] of Iscoed, September 20, 1344, Representative
paternally of the sovereigns of South Wales, and, by female descent, of
those of North Wales^[6], through Griffith ap Llewelyn above
named.

The hereditary arms of Owen’s paternal line, the Lords of Glyndwrdwy,
are those of his ancestor, Griffith Maelor ap Madoc, of Dinas Bran, Lord
of Bromfield, Yale, Chirk, Glyndwrdwy, &c., who died A.D. 1191, viz. “Paly of eight argent and gules, over
all a lion rampant sable,” thus differenced, apparently, from “The Black
Lion of Powys” (Argent a lion rampant sable), the royal ensigns of his
father, Madoc ap Meredith, last sovereign Prince of Powys, who died at
Winchester in 1160. I am unable to refer to any seal of the Lords of
Glyndwrdwy, or of the Lords of Bromfield, bearing the family arms of
their line; but they are thus given invariably by the Cambrian heralds,
and, so far, are susceptible of proof by the most authentic MS.
authorities of the Principality. It is, however, remarkable, that the
Heraldic Visitations of Wales of Lewis Dwnn, appointed in 1580
Deputy-Herald for all Wales, by Robert Cook Clarenceux, and William
Flower Norroy King-at Arms, published in 1846 by the Welsh MSS. Society,
contain no pedigree of the house of Glyndwrdwy. Of the descendants, if
any, of Owen Glyndwr himself, beyond his children, I am not aware that
there is any authentic pedigree, or other satisfactory proof; and there
seems to be presumptive evidence that in 12 Henry VI., 1433—a
period so recent as nineteen years from the last date, 19th February, 1
Henry V., 1414, on which Owen is ascertained to have been alive (Rymer’s
Fœdera, ix. p. 330.),—his issue was limited to a
daughter and heir, {291}Alice, wife of Sir John Scudamore, Knt.,
described in a petition of John, Earl of Somerset, to whom Owen’s
domains, on his attainder, had been granted by his brother, Henry IV.,
as

“Un John Skydmore, Chivaler, et Alice sa femme, pretendantz la dite
Alice etre file et heir au dit Owyn (Glyndwr).”—Rot.
Parl. 12 Hen. VI.

I have not found evidence to show that there were any children of
Alice’s marriage with Scudamore; and, assuming the failure of her issue,
and also the extinction of Owen’s other offspring, the representation of
the three dynasties—

reverted to that of his only brother, Tudor ap Griffith Vychan, a
witness, as “Tudor de Glyndore,” in the Scrope and Grosvenor controversy,
3rd September, 1386, and then twenty-four years and upwards, who is
stated to have been killed under Owen’s banner at the battle of Mynydd
Pwll-Melyn, near Grosmont, Monmouthshire, fought 11th March, 1405.
Tudor’s daughter and heir, Lowry [Lady] of Gwyddelwern in Edeirnion, “una
Baron. de Edurnyon,” became the wife of Griffith ap Einion of Corsygedol,
living 1400 and 1415; and from this marriage descend the eminent
Merionethshire House of Corsygedol (represented by the co-heirs of the
late Sir Thomas Mostyn, Bart., of Mostyn and Corsygedol; namely, his
nephew, the Honorable Edward Mostyn Lloyd Mostyn, of Mostyn and
Corsygedol, M.P., Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire, and Sir Thomas’s
sister, Anna Maria, Lady Vaughan, mother of Sir Robert Williames Vaughan,
Bart., of Nannau) and its derivative branches, the Yales of Plas-yn-Yale,
co. Denbigh, and the Rogers-Wynns of Bryntangor in the same county; the
former represented by the Lloyds of Plymog, and the latter by the
Hughes’s of Gwerclas in Edeirnion, Lords of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion, co.
Merioneth, and Barons of Edeirnion. These families, co-representatives of
the three Cambrian dynasties, all quarter, with the arms of South Wales
and North Wales, the ensigns I have referred to as the hereditary
bearings of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy. Independently of the adoption of
these ensigns in the Welsh MSS. in the British Museum, College of
Heralds, and other depositories, it may be mentioned that they are
quartered in an ancient shield of the Vaughans of Corsygedol, suspended
in the hall of Corsygedol,—one of the finest and most picturesque
mansions in the Principality,—and that they appear in the splendid
emblazoned Genealogy of the House of Gwerclas, compiled in 1650 by Robert
Vaughan, Esq., of Hengwrt, the Camden and Dugdale united of Wales.^[7] The arms in
question are ascribed to the line of Bromfield and Glyndwrdwy, and, as
quarterings to the families just named, by Mr. Burke’s well-known
Armory, the first and, indeed, only work, in conjunction with the
Welsh genealogies in that gentleman’s Peerage and Baronetage, and
Landed Gentry, affording satisfactory, or any approach to
systematic and complete, treatment of Cambrian heraldry and family
history. Mr. Charles Knight also, highly and justly estimated, no less
for a refined appreciation of our historic archæology, than for careful
research, adopts these arms as the escutcheon of Owen in the beautiful
artistic designs which adorn and illustrate the First Part of the drama
of King Henry IV., in his Pictorial edition of Shakspeare.
(Histories, vol. i. p. 170.)

The shield of the Lords of Glyndwrdwy, as marshalled by Welsh heralds,
displays quarterly the arms assigned to their direct paternal ancestors,
as successively adopted previous to the period when armorial bearings
became hereditary. Thus marshalled, the paternal arms of Owen Glyndwr are
as follows: 1st and 4th, “Paly of eight, argent and gules, over all a
lion rampant sable,” for Griffith Maelor, Lord of Bromfield, son of Madoc
ap Meredith, Prince of Powys-Fadog; 2nd, “Argent, a lion rampant sable”
(“The Black Lion of Powys”) for Madoc, Prince of Powys-Fadog, son of
Meredith, Prince of Powys, son of Bleddyn, King of Powys; 3rd, “Or, a
lion rampant gules,” for Bleddyn ap Cyfnfyn, King of Powys.^[8] None {292}of these
ensigns is referable to a period anterior to that within which armorial
bearings are attributed to the Anglo-Norman monarchs.

The lion rampant is common to all branches of the line of Powys; but
the bearing peculiar to its last monarch, Madoc ap Meredith, “The
Black Lion of Powys,” without a difference, has been transmitted
exclusively to the Hughes’s, Baronial Lords of Kymmer-yn-Edeirnion, and
the other descendants of Owen Brogyntyn, Lord of Edeirnion, younger son
of Madoc; of whom, with the exception of the family just named, it is
presumed there is no existing male branch. The same arms were borne by
Iorwerth Goch, Lord of Mochnant, also a younger son of Madoc; but they
are now only borne subordinately in the second quarter by that chief’s
descendant, Sir John Roger Kynaston of Hardwick, Bart., and by the other
branches of the Kynastons; the first quarter having been yielded to the
arms of (Touchet) Lord Audley, assumed by Sir Roger Kynaston of Hordley,
Knt., after the battle of Blore in 1459, at which Lord Audley is said to
have fallen by the hand of Sir Roger. As already stated, Griffith Maelor,
Madoc’s eldest son, bore the black lion differenced, as did also the twin
sons of the latter, viz. Cynric Efell, Lord of Eglwys Egle, ancestor of
the distinguished line of Davies of Gwysaney in Flintshire, whose ensigns
were “Gules, on a bend, argent, a lion passant sable;” and Einion Efell,
progenitor of the Edwards’s of Ness Strange, and of other North Wallian
families, who bore “Party per fess, sable and argent, a lion rampant
counterchanged.” The ancestor of the Vaughans of Nannau,
Barts.,—Cadwgan (designated by Camden “the renowned Briton”),
younger son of Blyddyn, king of Powys, sometime associated in the
sovereignty with his elder brother Meredith, exhibited, it is stated, on
his banner an azure lion on a golden ground; ensigns transmitted to the
early Lords of Nannau and their descendants, with the
exception—probably the only one—of the Vaughans of Wengraig
and Hengwrt, represented paternally by the Vaughans of Nannau and
Hengwrt, Baronets, who, transferring these arms to the second quarter,
bear in the first, “Quarterly, or and gules, four lions rampant
counterchanged.” The Wenwynwyn branch of the dynasty of Powys continued,
or at a later period resumed, the red lion rampant on a gold ground,
ascribed to Blyddyn ap Cynfyn; and it is not a little interesting, that
recently a beautiful silver seal, in perfect preservation, of Hawys
Gadarn, heiress of that princely line, who by the gift of Edward II.
became the wife of John de Cherlton, was found near Oswestry,
representing her standing, holding two shields: the one in her right hand
charged with her own arms, the lion rampant; that in the left with those
of Cherlton, two lions passant. The legend around the seal is “S’HAWISIE DNE DE KEVEOLOC.”

The original seal is now in the Museum of Chester, and was exhibited,
I believe, by the Honorary Curator, the Rev. William Massie, at a recent
meeting of the Society of Antiquaries. Of this venerable relic I possess
an impression in wax; and of the great and privy seals of Owen Glyndwr,
beautiful casts in sulphur; and I shall have pleasure in leaving them
with the editor of “N. & Q.” for the inspection of Mr. Woodward, should that gentleman desire it.

John ap William ap John.

Inner Temple.
March 7, 1853.

COLERIDGE’S CHRISTABEL—”CHRISTOBELL, A GOTHIC TALE.”

(Vol. vii., p. 206.).

Your correspondent S. Y. ought not to have charged the editors of
Coleridge’s Poems with negligence, until he had shown that the
lines he quotes were inserted in the original edition of
Christabel. They have not the musical flow of Coleridge’s
versification, but rather the dash and vivacity of Scott. At all events,
they are not to be found in the second edition of Christabel
(1816), nor in any subsequent edition. Indeed, I do not think that
Coleridge made any alteration in the poem since its composition in 1797
and 1800. I referred to two reviews of Coleridge’s Poems published
in Blackwood in 1819 and 1834; but found no trace of S. Y.’s lines. “An
old volume of Blackwood” is rather a vague mode of reference. It is
somewhat curious that, previous to the publication of Christabel,
there appeared a conclusion to that splendid fragment. It was
entitled “Christobell, a Gothic Tale,” and was published in the
European Magazine for April, 1815. It is dated “March, 1815,” and
signed “V.;” and was reprinted in Fraser’s Magazine for January,
1835. It is stated to be “written as a sequel to a beautiful legend of a
fair lady and her father, deceived by a witch in {293}the guise of a noble
knight’s daughter.” It commences thus:

The writer of the review in Blackwood (Dec. 1839) of Mr. Tupper’s lame
and impotent conclusion to Christabel, remarks that—

“Mr. Tupper does not seem to know that Christabel was continued
many years ago, in a style that perplexed the public, and pleased even
Coleridge. The ingenious writer meant it for a mere jeu
d’esprit.”

Query: Who was this “ingenious writer?”

While on the subject of Christabel, I may note a parallelism in
reference to a line in Part I.:

J. M. B.

S. Y. is “severe over much” and under informed, in his
strictures on the editors of Coleridge’s Works (1852), when he
blames them for not giving Coleridge the credit of lines which did not
belong to him. The lines which S. Y. quotes, and a “great many
more,”—in fact, a “third part of Christabel,”—were
sent to Blackwood’s Magazine in 1820, by the late Dr. William
Maginn, as a first fruits of those imitations and parodies
for which he afterwards became so famous. The success of his imitation of
Coleridge’s style is proved by the indignation of your correspondent. It
is no small honour to the memory and talents of the gifted but erratic
Maginn, that the want of his lines should be deemed a defect or omission
in “one of the most beautiful poems in the English language.” But in
future, before he condemns editors for carelessness, S. Y. should be sure
that he himself is correct.

A. B. R.

Belmont.

PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES.

Economical Way of Iodizing Paper.—The extravagant price
of the salt called iodide of potassium has led me to experiments as to
whether paper could not be iodized in another form; and having been
successful, I offer the process to the readers of “N. & Q.” Having
verified it three times, I can safely say that it is quite as effectual
as using the above salt.

The first solution to be made, is a saturated solution of iodine. Put
about sixty grains of iodine (the quantity is not of importance) into an
ounce bottle, and add proof spirits of wine; set it near the fire “on the
hob;” and when it is nearly boiling, agitate, and it will soon become a
concentrated essence: take now a bottle of clear glass, called a quart
bottle, and put in it about two ounces of what is called carbonate of
potash (nothing more than purified pearlash); fill up with water to
within an inch of the neck, and agitate; when it is dissolved, add any of
the other approved sensitives, in discretionable doses, such as fluoride
or bromide of potassa, ammoniac salt, or common salt—it may have
about sixty grains of the latter; and when all are dissolved, add the
iodine. This is added by degrees, and shaken; and when it is a pale
yellow, it may be considered to be ready for iodizing: from some
experiments, I am led to believe that a greater quantity of iodine may,
if necessary, be added, only the colour should not be dark. And should
the operator reach this point, a few drops of solution of cyanide of
potassium may be added, until the pale colour returns. Bromine water I
believe may be added, but that I have not used hitherto, and therefore
cannot answer for its effects. The paper then having its usual wash of
nitrate of silver, is then floated on the solution about one minute, and
the accustomed process gone through as described by most photographers.
It is only disposed to require a pretty strong solution of silver, say
thirty grains to the ounce of water. This I attribute to the potash being
in a little more caustic condition than when recrystallised with iodine.
And the only difference in the above formula between the two states is,
that the iodine in the medical preparation is incorporated by means of
iron filings with the water, which I only interpret into being a cheaper
method; which makes its high price the more scandalous, and I hope this
method will save photographers from the imposition: the price of a quart
of iodide of potassium would be about six shillings, by the above about
ten-pence. And I can safely say, it is quite as effectual: theoretically,
it appears to be better, because iodine is exceedingly difficult to
preserve after being dissolved and recrystallised. And much of it is lost
in the preparing iodized paper: as, for instance, the usual way generally
requires floating on free iodine at the last; and with the formula here
given, after using once, some small quantity of tincture of iodine should
be added before putting away, as the silver laid upon the surface of the
paper absorbs more of the iodine than the potash. Therefore, a very pale
yellow may be its usual test for efficiency, and the equivalent will be
maintained.

N.B.—Potash varying much in its alkaline property, some samples
will remain colourless with addition of iodine; in which case the
judgment must guide as to the quantity of iodine. It should not exceed
the ounce of tincture: about two drachms may be added after using it for
paper.

Weld Taylor.

7. Conduit Street West.

{294}

Queries on Sir W. Newton’s Process.—The process of Sir W. Newton is nearly similar to one I have
successfully used for some years, and I can recommend it as effective and
simple.

A difficulty I have lately found, has been with my iodized paper,
which, when freshly used, is well enough; but if kept a month or two,
will only allow of the paper being prepared to take views just before
using. I should much like to know how this occurs.

If Sir W. Newton would answer the following
Queries, he would add to the obligations that many others besides myself
are under to him:

1. What paper does he use for positives, and what for negatives?

2. Is it not better to dissolve the silver and iodide of potassium in
three ounces of water each instead of one (see “N. & Q.,” Vol. vii.,
pp. 151. 277.)?

3. Is spring water fit for washing the iodized paper; if it contains
either sulphate or bicarbonate of lime or muriate of soda?

4. How long ought the iodized paper to keep good?

5. How long should the negative paper (on a moderately warm day) keep
after being made sensitive, before exposing to the action of light; and
how soon after that should it be developed?

John Stewart.

Brighton.

Suggestion to Photographers.—The Rev. Charles Forster, in
his One Primeval Language (p. 96.), speaks of the desirableness of
obtaining copies of two great inscriptions in the Djebel
Mokatteb,—one in forty-one, the other in sixty-seven lines,
supposed to have been written by the Israelites during their exode. In
the words, however, of the Comte d’Antraigues, which he quotes in p. 84:
“Il faudroit six mois d’un travail opiniâtre, pour dessiner la totalité
de ces caractères.” Is not this a temptation to some of your photographic
friends, who may be turning their steps to the East during the ensuing
season, to possess themselves of a treasure which by the application of
their art they might acquire almost in as many minutes?

Verbum sat.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Portrait of Pope (Vol. vii., p. 180.).—I cannot at this
movement reply to Mr. J. Knight’s Query, but
perhaps can correct an error in it. There was no White of Derby;
but Edward^[9]
Wright of that city, was an artist of high repute. And I have in
my possession a portrait of Pope done by him. On the back of this
portrait is the following inscription:

“Edward Wright, the painter of this picture, was an intimate friend of
Mr. Richardson, and obtained leave from him to copy the portrait of Mr.
Pope; which Mr. R. was then painting, and had nearly finished. When the
outline was sketched out by E. Wright, he happened to meet Mr. Pope at
dinner, and on mentioning to him how he was employed, Mr. Pope said: ‘Why
should you take a copy, when the original is at your service? I will come
and sit to you.’ He did so, and this picture was finished from Mr. Pope
himself. This account I had from the late William Wright, Esq., my
honoured uncle, who had the picture from the painter himself. At Mr.
Wright’s death, it came to his widow, who gave it to my brother^[10]; at whose
decease, it came to me.

“William Falconer, M.D., F.R.S.

“Bath, March 21, 1803.”

The size of the picture is two feet five inches and a quarter by two
feet one-eighth of an inch. It is a profile. It has never been engraved,
and is in good condition.

R. W. F.

Bath.

Conundrum (Vol. vi., p. 602.).—Though I cannot answer the
Query of Rufus, as to the manner in which the
species of conundrum communicated by him may be designated, I beg to
inclose an answer to it, thinking you might perhaps deem it worthy of
insertion:

E. H. G.

Herbé’s “Costumes Français” (Vol. vii., p. 182.).—In
answer to the Query by Pictor, Mr. Philip Darell begs to state, that in the library at
Calehill there is a copy of M. Herbé’s book. It is the last edition
(Paris, 1840), and purports to be “augmentée d’un examen critique et des
preuves positives,” &c. It begins by owning to certain errors
in the former edition; in consequence of which M. Herbé had travelled
through all France to obtain the means of correcting them in various
localities.

P. D.

Calehill, Kent.

{295}

Curious Fact in Natural Philosophy (Vol. vii., p.
206.).—In Young’s Natural Philosophy it is said, that if the
cup of a barometer is placed in a vessel somewhat larger than the cup, so
contrived that the tube of the barometer may fit air-tight in the top of
the vessel, and if two holes are made in the vessel on opposite sides, a
current of air driven in at one hole will cause the mercury to fall. Is
not the case of the cards analogous to this? and might not the cause be,
that the current of air carries away with it some of that contained
between the cards, and so that the air is sufficiently rarefied to cause
a pressure upwards greater than that caused by the current downwards, and
the effect of gravity? Might not the sudden fall of the barometer before
storms be from a cause similar in some degree to this?

A. B. C.

Oxford.

“Haud cum Jesu itis, qui itis cum Jesuitis.“—In “N. &
Q.” for Feb. 7, 1852, a correspondent, L. H. J. T., asks for some clue to
the above. Last March a friend of mine purchased in Paris, at a
book-stall on the Quai D’Orsay, a manuscript book, very beautifully
written, and in the old binding of the time, which appears to be the
transcript of a printed volume. Its title is Le Jésuit sécularisé.
A Cologne: chez Jacques Milebram. 1683.

It is a dialogue between “Dorval, abbé et docteur en th^e,
et Maimbourg, Jésuit sécularisé;” and at the end (p. 197.) is a long
Latin ballad, entitled “Canticum Jesuiticum,” filling eight small 8vo.
pages, the opening stanza of which is

And the conclusion of the whole is, in effect, the line of which your
correspondent speaks:

I should be glad to be certified by any of your correspondents of the
actual existence of the printed volume, which probably was sought for and
destroyed by the authorities on account of its pestilent contents.

C. H. H.

Westdean, Sussex.

Tradescant Family (Vol. iii., p. 393.).—In further
illustration of this subject, and for the information of your
correspondents who have taken an interest in the restoration of the tomb
in Lambeth churchyard, I beg through you to say that I have found the
will of the grandsire, “John Tradescant, of South Lambeth, co. Surrey,
Gardener:” it is dated January 8, 1637, and proved May 2, 1638, so that
the period of his death may be fairly placed in that year, as suggested
by Mr. Pinkerton’s extracts from the
churchwardens’ accounts (Vol. iii., p. 394.); and the defect in the
parish register for some months following July, 1637, will account for no
entry being found of his actual burial. The younger Tradescant was his
only child, and at the date of the will he had two grandchildren, John
and Frances Tradescant. His son was the residuary legatee, with a
proviso, that if he should desire to part with or sell his cabinet, he
should first offer the same to the Prince. His brother-in-law,
Alexander Norman, and Mr. William Ward, were the executors, and proved
the will. As Mr. Pinkerton stated that he was on
the trace of new and curious matter respecting the Tradescants, he may
find it useful to know that John Tradescant the elder held the lease of
some property at Woodham Water in Essex, and two houses in Long Acre and
Covent Garden.

G.

Arms of Joan d’Arc (Vol. vii., p. 210.).—I believe I can
answer the inquiry of Bend. The family of Joan
d’Arc was ennobled by Charles VII. in December, 1429, with a grant of the
following magnificent armorial coat, viz. Azure, between two
fleurs-de-lys, or, a sword in pale, point upwards (the hilt or the blade
argent), in chief, on the sword’s point, an open crown,
fleur-de-lysé, or.

In consequence of the proud distinction thus granted, of bearing for
their arms the fleur-de-lys of France, the family assumed the name of
Du Lys d’Arc, which their descendants continued to bear, until (as
was supposed) the line became extinct in the last century, in the person
of Coulombe du Lys, Prior of Coutras, who died in 1760; but the fact is,
that the family still exists in this country in the descendants of a
Count Du Lys, who settled in Hampshire as a refugee at the revocation of
the Edict of Nantes (he having embraced the Protestant religion). His
eldest male descendant, and (as I believe) the representative of the
ancient and noble family of Du Lys d’Arc, derived from a brother of the
Maid of Orleans, is a most worthy friend and neighbour of mine, the Rev.
J. T. Lys, Fellow of Exeter College, whose ancestors, since the period of
their settlement in England, thought proper to drop the foreign title,
and to curtail their name to its present form.

W. Sneyd.

Denton.

Judæus Odor (Vol. vii., p. 207.).—The lines are to be
found in the London Magazine, May, 1820, p. 504.:

“Even the notion, which is not yet entirely extinct among the vulgar
(though Sir T. Browne satisfactorily refuted it by abundant arguments
deduced from reason {296}and experience)—the notion that they
have a peculiar and disagreeable smell, is, perhaps, older than he
imagined. Venantius, a bishop of Poictiers, in the sixth century, who
holds a place in every corpus poetarum, says:

‘Abluitur Judæus odor baptismate divo,

Et nova progenies reddita surgit aquis.

Vincens ambrosios suavi spiramine rores,

Vertice perfuso, chrismatis efflat odor.’

Venant. Poemat., lib. 4. xx.

“‘Cosa maravigliosa,’ says an Italian author, ‘che ricevuto il santo
Battesimo, non puzzano più.'”

I believe the reference “lib. 4. xx.” is inaccurate. At least I have
not succeeded in finding the lines. That may be an excusable mistake: not
so the citing “an Italian author,” instead of giving his name, or saying
that the writer had forgotten it.

The power of baptism over the Judæus odor is spoken of
familiarly in the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum:

“Nuper quando unus dixit mihi quod non credit, quod Pfefferkorn adhuc
est bonus Christianus: quia dixit quod vidit eum ante unum annum, et
adhuc fœtebat sicut alius Judæus, et tamen dicunt communiter, quod
quando Judæi baptizantur, non amplius fœtent; ergo credit quod
Pfefferkorn habet adhuc nequam post aures. Et quando Theologi credunt
quod est optimus Christianus, tunc erit iterum Judæus, et fides non est
ei danda, quia omnes homines habent malam suspicionem de Judæis
baptizatis. . . . Sed respondeo vobis ad illam objectum: Vos dicitis quod
Pfefferkorn fœtet. Posito casu, quod est verum, sicut non credo,
neque unquam intellexi, dico quod est alia causa hujus fœtoris.
Quia Johannes Pfefferkorn, quando fuit Judæus, fuit macellarius, et
macellarii communiter etiam fœtent: tunc omnes qui audierunt,
dixerunt quod est bona ratio.”—Ed. Münch: Leipzig, 1827, p.
209.

A modern instance of belief in the “odor” is in, but cannot decently
be quoted from, The Stage, a Poem, by John Brown, p 22.: London,
1819.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Philip d’Auvergne (Vol. vii., p. 236.).—This cadet of a
Jersey family, whose capture, when a lieutenant in our royal navy, led to
his being in Paris as a prisoner on parole, and thereby eventually to his
adoption by the last Prince of Bouillon, was a person of too much
notoriety to make it necessary to tell the tale of his various fortunes
in your columns; of his imprisonment in the Bastile, and subsequently for
a short period in the Temple; his residence at Mont Orgueil Castle in
Jersey, for the purpose of managing communications with royalists or
other agents, on the opposite French coast; or the dates of his
successive commissions in the navy, in which he got upon the list of
rear-admirals in 1805, and was a vice-admiral of the blue in 1810.

I have not access at present to any list of the Lives of Public
Characters, but think I can recollect that there was an account given
of him in that publication; and there can be no doubt but that any
necrology, of the date of his death, would contain details at some
length.

I suspect there is mistake in Brooke’s Gazetteer, as quoted by
E. H. A., for I feel rather confident that the reigning duke had no son
living when he made over the succession to one whom he did not know to be
a relation, though bearing the family name.

As, however, this adopted representative of the Dukes De Bouillon has
been mentioned, it may be a fit occasion to ask if any of your Jersey
readers can tell what became, at his death, of a beautifully preserved
and illuminated French translation of the Scriptures, which he showed to
your correspondent in 1814, as having been the gift of the Black Prince’s
captive, King John of France, to the Duc De Berri, his son, from whom it
had passed into the possession of the Ducs De Bouillon. His highness (for
the concession of this style was still a result of his dukedom) said,
that he had lent this Bible for a while to the British Antiquarian
Society, which had engraved some costumes and figures from the vignettes
which adorned the initials of chapters.

H. W.

Dr. Parr’s A. E. A. O. (Vol. vii., p. 156.).—The learned
doctor indulged in boundless exultation at the unavailing efforts of
mankind to give significancy to the above cabalistical combination of
vowels. The combination was formed in the following, manner:—S[a]muel P[a]rr engaged his friend H[e]nry H[o]mer to assist him in correcting the press;
and so he took the “A. E.” of their Christian
names, and the “A. O.” of their surnames, to form
a puzzle which, like many other puzzles, is scarcely worth solution.

Œdipus.

Jewish Lineaments (Vol. vi., p. 362.).—Is this Query put
in reference to the individual or the race? In either case the lineaments
would wear out. In the first, intermarriage would soon destroy them, as I
have an instance in my own family, wherein the person, though only three
removes from true Jewish blood, retains only the faintest trace of Jewish
ancestry. In the second instance, the cause of the change is more subtle.
The Jew, as long as he adheres to Judaism, mingles with Hebrew people,
adopts their manners, shares their pursuits, and imbibes their tone of
thought. Just as the character is reflected in the countenance, so will
he maintain his Jewish looks; but as soon as he adopts Christian views,
and mingles with Christian people, he will lose those peculiarities of
countenance, the preservation of which depended on his former career. We
see examples of this in those Franks who have resided {297}for a long
time in the East, adopting the dress and customs of the people they have
mingled with. Such persons acquire an Eastern tone of countenance, and
many have been mistaken by their friends for veritable Turks or Arabs,
the countenance having acquired the expression of the people with whom
they have mingled most freely. The same fact is illustrated in the
countenances of aged couples, especially in country places. Frequently
these, though widely distinct in appearance when first married, grow at
last exactly like each other, and in old age are sometimes scarcely to be
distinguished by the features.

If not quite to the purpose, these instances illustrate the
correspondence of the life and the looks, which is the philosophy of the
Query on Jewish lineaments.

Shirley Hibberd.

Sotadic Verses (Vol. vi., pp. 209. 352. 445.).—There is
an English example of this kind of line, attributed, I think, to Taylor
the Water Poet:

To make this perfect, however, “and” must not be written at full
length, and “dwell” must be content with half its usual amount of
liquid.

It is difficult to make sense of any of the Latin Sotadics
quoted in “N. & Q.,” except that beginning “Signa te,” &c. Even
the clue given by the mention of the legend in p. 209. does not enable
one to find a meaning in “Roma tibi,” &c.

Can any of your readers tell me whence comes the following Sotadic
Elegiac poem, and construe it for me?

Harry Leroy Temple.

Bells at Funerals (Vol. ii., p. 478.).—The following
extract will doubtless be interesting to Mr.
Gatty, if it has hitherto escaped his notice:

“June 27 (1648).—The visitors ordered that the bellman of the
university should not go about in such manner as was heretofore used at
the funeral of any member of the university. This was purposely to
prevent the solemnity that was to be performed at the funeral of Dr.
Radcliffe, Principal of B. N. C., lately dead. For it must be known that
it hath been the custom, time out of mind, that when head of house,
doctor, or master of considerable degree was to be buried, the university
bellman was to put on the gown and the formalities of the person defunct,
and with his bell go into every college and hall, and there make open
proclamation, after two rings with his bell, that forasmuch as God had
been pleased to take out of the world such a person, he was to give
notice to all persons of the university, that on such a day, and at such
an hour, he was solemnly to be buried, &c. But the visitors did not
only forbid this, but the bellman’s going before the corpse, from the
house or college, to the church or chapel.”—A. Wood, quoted in
Oxoniana, vol. iv. p. 206.

E. H. A.

Collar of SS. (Vol. vi., pp. 182. 352.).—There is, in the
church of Fanfield, Yorkshire, among other tombs and effigies of the
Marmions, the original lords of the place, a magnificent tomb of
alabaster, on which are the recumbent figures of a knight and his lady,
in excellent preservation. These are probably effigies of Robert Marmion
and his wife Lota, second daughter of Herbert de St. Quintin, who died in
the latter part of the fourteenth, or early in the fifteenth century. The
armour of the knight is of this period, and he is furnished with the SS.
collar of Lancaster, which is developed in a remarkably fine manner. His
juppon is furnished with the vaire, the bearing of the Marmion, whilst
the chevronels of St. Quintin are evident on the mantle of the lady. Over
the tomb is placed a herse of iron, furnished with stands for holding
lighted candles or torches.

Wm. Procter.

York.

Dr. Marshall (Vol. vii., p. 83.).—I beg to inform U. I.
S. that the King’s chaplain and Dean of Gloucester in 1682 was not
Anthony, but Thomas Marshall, D.D., Rector of Lincoln
College, Oxford, a great benefactor to his college and the university,
and highly distinguished for his knowledge of the Oriental and Teutonic
languages.

E. H. A.

Shelton Oak (Vol. vii., p. 193.).—Shelton Oak is a
remarkable fine tree, and is still standing. It is apparently in a
healthy state. The grounds and mansion (I believe) are in the possession
of two maiden ladies, who allow visitors free access to this interesting
object. In summer time its owners and their friends frequently tea within
its venerable trunk.

The acorns are dealt out to those who may wish them at a trifling sum,
and the money devoted towards the building of a church in the
neighbouring locality. It is to be hoped that no innovation or local
improvement will ever necessitate its removal.

H. M. Bealby.

North Brixton.

“God and the world” (Vol. vii., p. 134.).—Fulke Greville,
Lord Brooke, was the author of the lines quoted by W. H., but he has not
given them correctly. They may be found in the LXVI. {298}and LXVII. stanzas
of his Treatie of Warres, and are as follows:

As for the last line of the quotation:

it smacks very strongly of Macbeth (Act I. Sc. 7.), and “the
poor cat i’th adage:”

Rt.

Warmington.

Dreng (Vol. vii., p. 39.).—Dreng is still the
Danish term for a servant or a boy: their present station in society
could perhaps be only found by a correspondence with Copenhagen; and
would then possibly give as little elucidation of their former social
position as an explanation of our modern villain would throw any light
upon the villani of Domesday Book.

William Bell.

17. Gower Place.

Meals (Vol. vii., p. 208.).—In Celtic, the word
Meall means any rising ground of a round form, such as a low
hillock; and the name of Mealls may have been given to sand-banks
from having a resemblance to small hills at low water.

Fras. Crossley.

Along the sea-margin of the tongue of land between the rivers Mersey
and Dee, the sand has been thrown up in domes. Two little hamlets built
among those sand-hills are called North and South Meols.

J. M. N.

Liverpool.

Richardson or Murphy (Vol. vii., p. 107.).—I possess a
copy of Literary Relics of the late Joseph Richardson, Esq., formerly
of St. John’s College, Cambridge, &c., 4to.: London, 1807.
Prefixed, is a line engraving by W. J. Newton, from a painting by M. A.
Shee, Esq., R.A. This is a subscriber’s copy, and belonged as such to one
of my nearest relatives. The inscription at the bottom of the plate is
the same as that mentioned by your correspondent; and I cannot but think
the portrait is really that of J. Richardson. The book was published by
Ridgway, No. 170. Piccadilly.

C. I. R.

Miscellaneous.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES

WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Memoirs of the Rose, by Mr.
John Holland. 1 Vol. 12mo. London, 1824.

Psyche and Other Poems, by Mrs. Mary Tighe. Portrait. 8vo. 1811.

Gmelin’s Handbook of Chemistry. Inorganic
Part.

Archæologia. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII.,
VIII., X., XXVII., XXVIII., unbound.

The History of Shenstone, by the Rev. H. Saunders. 4to. London. 1794.

Lubbock’s Elementary Treatise on the
Tides.

Transactions of the Microscopical Society of
London. Vol. I., and Parts I. and II. of Vol. II.

Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. 1st and 2nd
Series collected.

Todd’s Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology.
Complete, or any Portion.

Gladstone’s (W. E.) Two Letters to the Earl of
Aberdeen on the State Prosecutions of the Neapolitan Government.
1st Edition. 8vo.

Swift’s Works. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 Vols.
8vo. 1768. Vol. I.

Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties.
Original Edition. Vol. I.

The Book of Adam.

The Christian Magazine. Vol. for 1763.

Pro Matrimonio Principis cum defunctæ Uxoris Sorore
contracto Responsum Juris Collegii Jurisconsultorum in Academia
Rintelensi (circa 1655).

Monner Jurisconsult., de Matrimonio.

Brückner, de Matrimonio.

^*_*^* Correspondents sending Lists
of Books Wanted are requested to send their names.

^*_*^* Letters, stating particulars and
lowest price, carriage free, to be sent to Mr.
Bell, Publisher of “NOTES AND QUERIES,” 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

The length of several of the communications in our present Number
compels us to postpone this week our Notes on
Books, &c.

S. (Sunderland). We must refer our Correspondent who inquires
respecting eating Carlings (or Grey Peas) upon Care
or Carle Sunday, and the connexion between that name and
Char Freytag, the German name for Good Friday, to Brand’s Popular
Antiquities, vol. i. pp. 113-116. (ed. Bohn.)

R. Elliott, Esq. We have a letter for this
Photographic Correspondent. Where shall we direct it?

R. J. S., who inquires as to Richard Brandon having been the
executioner of Charles I., is referred to Sir H. Ellis’s Letters
Illustrative of English History (2nd Series, vol. iii. pp. 340, 341.);
and to “N. & Q.,” Vol. ii., pp. 110. 158. 268.; Vol. v., p.
28.; Vol. vi., p. 198.

W. M. R. E. How can we address a letter to this
Correspondent?

David Brown. The lines

so generally supposed to be Butler’s, are really from Mennis’ and
Smith’s Musarum Deliciæ. For much curious illustration of them,
see our 1st Vol., pp. 177. 210., &c.

A. H. The words which Cæsar addressed to Brutus were, “Tu quoque,
Brute.”

Inquisitor. Stow tell us that Bevis
Marks is a corruption of Burie’s Marks,—a great house
belonging to the Abbots of Bury having formerly stood there.

J. L. S. will find an article on the speech of the Clown, in
Twelfth Night, to Toby Belch and Sir Andrew Ague-cheek: “Did you never
see the picture of We Three?” in our 5th Vol., p. 338.,
&c.

C. V. The Journal in question is sold to those who are not members
of the Society.

W. D. B. We do not think that the majority of our readers would be
pleased to see our columns occupied with the proposed discussion
respecting The American Sea Serpent.

Rev. J. L. Sisson’s Photographic Notes in
our next. We accept with thanks the polite offer made by our
Correspondent in his postscript.

Cokely. The fine reticulated lines in
question are caused by the hypo-soda not being thoroughly washed off.
{299}

PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful
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of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in
the City of London, Publisher at No. 186. Fleet Street
aforesaid.—Saturday, March 19. 1853.